Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-28T02:18:15.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tube-fed pahoehoe lava-flow features of Azorella Peninsula, Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Kevin Kiernan ,
Anne McConnell  and
Tony Yates
Kevin Kiernan
Affiliation:
Geomorphology and Quaternary Science Research Unit, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Anne McConnell
Affiliation:
Geomorphology and Quaternary Science Research Unit, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Tony Yates
Affiliation:
34 Orangedale Road, Lesmurdie, Western Australia 6076, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Azorella Peninsula on Heard Island in the sub-Antarctic comprises basaltic scoria that is overlain by basalt flows. Typical tube-fed pahoehoe flows characteristic of some Hawaiian-type volcanoes occur. The volcanic landforms of the peninsula include highly degraded volcano remnants and undissected scoria cones, pahoehoe flows, lava rises, tumuli, open vertical volcanic conduits, and lava tubes. Features produced by lava inflation are widespread but are generally of low topographic relief. Many detailed lava-flow features are preserved in dramatically fresh condition within the protected environment of lava tubes. They highlight the efficacy of the lava tubes in maintaining high temperatures and low viscosity of the flowing lava. The lava tubes on Heard Island are the only features of their kind hitherto recorded from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic latitudes.

Type
Articles
Information
Polar Record , Volume 34 , Issue 190 , July 1998 , pp. 225 - 236
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atkinson, A. 1990. The Undara lava tube system and its caves. Helictite 28 (1): 3–14.Google Scholar
Atkinson, F.A., Griffin, T.J., and Stephenson, P.J.. 1975. A major lava tube system from the Undara volcano, north Queensland. Bulletin Volcanologique 39 (2): 226–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Audra, P. 1996. Inventaire preliminaire des cavernes de I'ile de la Réunion (Océan Indien – France)lére partie. Lave (Revue de I'Association Volcanique Européene) 61: 16–27.Google Scholar
Australian Antarctic Division. 1995. Heard Island Wilderness Reserve management plan. Kingston, Tasmania: Antarctic Division, Department of Environment, Sport and Territories.Google Scholar
Barling, J. 1987. Heard and McDonald islands. In: LeMasurier, W.E. and Thomson, J.W. (editors). Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern oceans. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, (Antarctic Research Series 48): 435–441.Google Scholar
Bates, R.L., and Jackson, J.A.. 1980. Glossary of geology. Falls Church, VA: American Geological Institute.Google Scholar
Botinga, Y., and Weill, D.F.. 1972. The viscosity of magmatic silicate liquids: a model for calculation. American Journal of Science 272 (5): 438–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, I., McDougall, I., and Whitford, D.J.. 1983. Volcanic evolution of Heard and McDonald islands, southern Indian Ocean. In: Oliver, R., James, P.R., and Jago, J.B. (editors). Antarctic Earth science: proceedings of the fourth international symposium on Antarctic Earth sciences, 1982. Canberra: Australian Academy of Science: 631–635.Google Scholar
Cruikshank, D.P., and Wood, C.A.. 1972. Lunar rilles and Hawaiian volcanic features: possible analogues. The Moon 3: 412–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favre, G. 1992. Some observations of Hawaiian pit craters and relations with lava tubes. In: Halliday, W.R. (editor). Proceedings of the third international symposium on vulcanospeleology, Bend, Oregon, 1982. Seattle: International Speleological Foundation: 37–41.Google Scholar
Greeley, R. 1971a. Lava tubes and channels in the Lunar Marius Hills. The Moon 3: 289–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greeley, R. 1971b. Geology of selected lava tubes of the Bend area, Oregon. Oregon Department of Geology & Mineral Industries Bulletin 71: 1–46.Google Scholar
Greeley, R. 1975. Lava tubes on other planets. In: Catania, Gruppo Grotte (editors). Atti del seminerio sulle grotte laviche, Catania, 27–28 Agosto 1975. Catania: Gruppo Grotte Catania: 181–191. 149–158.Google Scholar
Greeley, R. 1992. Lava tubes in the solar system. In: Rea, G.T. (editor). Sixth international symposium on vulcanospeleology, Hilo, Hawaii, August 1991. Huntsville, Alabama: National Speleological Society: 223–230.Google Scholar
Guest, J.E., Wood, C., and Greeley, R.. 1984. Lava tubes, terraces and megatumuli on the 1614–24 lava flow field, Mount Etna, Sicily. Bulletin Volcanologique 49: 635–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatheway, A.W., and Herring, A.L.. 1970. Bandera lava tubes of New Mexico, and lunar implications. Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona 8: 297–327.Google Scholar
Hernandez, J.J., Izquierdo, I., and Oromi, P.. 1991. Contribution to the vulcanospeleology of the Galapagos Islands. In: Rea, G.T. (editor). Sixth international symposium on vulcanospeleology, Hilo, Hawaii, August 1991. Huntsville, Alabama: National Speleological Society: 204–220.Google Scholar
Hill, C.A. 1976. Cave minerals. Huntsville, Alabama: National Speleological Society.Google Scholar
Hon, K., Kauahikaua, J., Denlinger, R., and Mackay, K.. 1994. Emplacement and inflation of pahoehoe sheet flows: observations and measurements of active lava flows on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Geological Society of America Bulletin 106: 531–570.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howarth, F.G. 1992. Conservation of Hawaii's speleological resources. In: Halliday, W.R. (editor). Proceedings of the third international symposium on vulcanospeleology, Bend, Oregon, 1982. Seattle: International Speleological Foundation: 124–126.Google Scholar
Jonsson, S.S. 1991. Preliminary speleological investigations in Surtsey. In: Rea, G.T. (editor). Sixth international symposium on vulcanospeleology, Hilo, Hawaii, August 1991. Huntsville, Alabama: National Speleological Society: 89–94.Google Scholar
Kiernan, K. 1982. Volcanokarst in the culture and landscape of Easter Island. In: Halliday, W.R. (editor). Proceedings of the third international symposium on vulcanospeleology, Bend, Oregon, 1982. Seattle: International Speleological Foundation: 85–91.Google Scholar
Lambeth, A. J. 1952. A geological account of Heard Island. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales 85: 14–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, C.V. 1993. An illustrated glossary of lava tube features. Vancouver and Washington, DC: National Speleological Society (Western Speleological Survey Bulletin 87).Google Scholar
Matthews, P. 1985. Australian karst index. Broadway, NSW: Australian Speleological Federation,.Google Scholar
Mattox, T.N., Heliker, C., Kauahikaua, J., and Hon, K.. 1993. Development of the 1990 Kalapana flow field, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin of Volcanology 55: 407–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middleton, G.J., and Halliday, W.R.. 1997. Caves of the Republic of Mauritius, Indian Ocean. Paper presented at the 12th International Speleleological Congress, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, 10–17 08 1997.Google Scholar
Oberbeck, V.R., Quaide, W.L., and Greeley, R.. 1969. On the origin of lunar sinuous rilles. Modern Geology 1: 75–80.Google Scholar
Ollier, C.D. 1969. Volcanoes. Canberra: Australian National University Press.Google Scholar
Oilier, C.D. 1975. In: Catania, Gruppo Grotte (editors). Atti delseminerio sulle grotte laviche, Catania, 27–28 Agosto 1975. Catania: Gruppo Grotte Catania: 149–158.Google Scholar
Ollier, C.D., and Brown, M.C.. 1965. Lava caves of Victoria. Bulletin Volcanologique 28: 215–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ollier, C.D., and Zarriello, P.. 1979. Pe'Ape'A lava cave, western Samoa. Transactions of the British Cave Research Association 6 (3): 133–142.Google Scholar
Peterson, D.W., and Holcomb, R.T.. 1989. Lava tubes at Mauna Ulu, Kilauea Volcano, 1972–74. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Bulletin 131: 213.Google Scholar
Peterson, D.W., and Swanson, D.A.. 1974. Observed formation of lava tubes during 1970–1971 at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Studies in Speleology 2 (6): 209–224.Google Scholar
Rea, G.T. (editor). Sixth international symposium on vulcanospeleology, Hilo, Hawaii, August 1991. Huntsville, Alabama: National Speleological Society.Google Scholar
Shaw, H.R. 1972. Viscosities of silicate liquids; an empirical method of prediction. American Journal of Science 272 (9): 870–893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, C.E. 1992. Open vertical volcanic conduits: a preliminary investigation of an unusual volcanic cave form with examples from Newberry Volcano and the central high Cascades of Oregon. In: Halliday, W.R. (editor). Proceedings of the third international symposium on vulcanospeleoology, Bend, Oregon, 1982. Seattle: International Speleological Foundation: 7–17.Google Scholar
Sparks, R.S.J., and Pinkerton, H.. 1978. Effects of degassing on rheology of basaltic lava. Nature 276: 385–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephenson, P.J. 1964. Some geological observations on Heard Island. In: Adie, R.J. (editor). Antarctic geology. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company: 14–24.Google Scholar
Stephenson, P.J., and Griffin, T.J.. 1976. Some long basaltic flows in northern Queensland. In: Johnson, W.R. (editor). Volcanism in Australia. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company: 41–51.Google Scholar
Walker, G.P.L. 1973. Lengths of lava flows. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A274: 107–118.Google Scholar
Walker, G.P.L. 1991. Structure, and origin by injection of lava under surface crust, of tumuli, ‘lava rises’, ‘lava rise pits’, and ‘lava inflation clefts’ in Hawaii. Bulletin of Volcanology 53: 546–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wentworth, C.K., and McDonald, G.A.. 1953. Structures and forms of basaltic rocks in Hawaii. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 994: 98.Google Scholar
Whitehead, P.W., and Stephenson, P.J.. 1996. Lava inflation landforms in the Toomba and Undara basalt flows, north Queensland. In: Abstracts: Australia and New Zealand geomorphology group conference, Cairns, Australia, October 1996. Cairns: James Cook University.Google Scholar
Williams, R., and Duhamel, G.. 1986. Volcanic activity on Heard Island. Polar Record 23 (142): 88–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, C. 1974. The genesis and classification of lava tube caves. Transactions of the British Cave Research Association. 1: 15–28.Google Scholar
Wood, C. 1976. Caves in rocks of volcanic origin. In: Ford, T.D., and Cullingford, C.H.D. (editors). The science of speleology. London: Academic Press: 127–150.Google Scholar
Wood, C. 1977. The origin and morphological diversity of lava tube caves. In: Ford, T.D. (editor). Proceedings of the seventh international speleologicalcongress. Sheffield: British Cave Research Group: 440–443.Google Scholar
Wood, C. 1980. The formation of lava tube caves. Caving International 6–7: 76–77.Google Scholar
Wood, C. 1982. A scientific rationale for vulcanospeleology. In: Halliday, W.R. (editor). Proceedings of the third international symposium on vulcanospeleoology, Bend, Oregon, 1982. Seattle: International Speleological Foundation: 105–107.Google Scholar