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Considerations for minimising the spread of infectious disease in Antarctic seabirds and seals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2010

Wray Grimaldi ,
Julia Jabour  and
Eric J Woehler
Wray Grimaldi
Affiliation:
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia (Julia.Jabour@utas.edu.au)
Julia Jabour
Affiliation:
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia (Julia.Jabour@utas.edu.au)
Eric J Woehler
Affiliation:
School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 05, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
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Abstract

Before 1998, concern was raised over the potential for human activities in Antarctica to introduce infectious disease organisms to native wildlife. A workshop was held that year to address this issue. In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in human traffic to the Antarctic and the number of commercial tourists visiting the Antarctic has steadily risen. Personnel of national science programmes, though relatively few in numbers, have the most intimate contact with wildlife and thus the greater potential to introduce organisms through their research activities. Many visitors are now able to arrive in the Antarctic from temperate regions within hours by aircraft, and from northern polar regions within 24 to 36 hours. Tourists, by their high numbers, also have the potential to transfer infectious disease agents among commonly visited sites. As of 2009, no outbreaks of infectious diseases in the Antarctic reported in the literature have been directly attributed to human activity, but the ameliorating climate may break down the barriers that have kept Antarctic wildlife relatively free of infectious diseases. Several agents of infectious diseases reported in Antarctic seabirds and seals are assessed for their likelihood to occur more frequently in terms of the characteristics of the agent, the behaviour of Antarctic wildlife, and the effects of an ameliorating climate (regional warming) in conjunction with continued increasing human activities.

Type
Research Article
Information
Polar Record , Volume 47 , Issue 1 , January 2011 , pp. 56 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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