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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 November 2020
The delimitation of maritime boundaries is a complex and multifaceted process with legal and technical aspects. The process involves the determination of a maritime boundary in a situation where two or more states are confronted with overlapping titles. In the absence of any precise rules in treaty law and established customary rules based on state practice, it has been left to the jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals to develop the applicable law of maritime boundary delimitation. This article provides a detailed examination of the complex and multifaceted processes involved in maritime delimitation law. In doing so, it highlights recent developments in the field, with an emphasis on the emerging principles of “non-cut-off” and “non-distortion.” The article also analyzes the crystalizing rules on delimitation beyond 200 nautical miles and questions the applicability of these rules to the ongoing maritime boundary dispute between Canada and the United States in the Beaufort Sea.
La délimitation des frontières maritimes est un processus complexe et multiforme comportant des aspects juridiques et techniques. Le processus implique la détermination d’une frontière maritime dans une situation où deux ou plusieurs États sont confrontés à des titres qui se chevauchent. En l’absence de règles conventionnelles précises et de règles coutumières établies fondées sur la pratique des États, c’est à la jurisprudence de cours et de tribunaux internationaux qu’il est revenu d’élaborer le droit applicable à la délimitation des frontières maritimes. Cet article fournit un examen détaillé des processus complexes et multiformes impliqués dans le droit de la délimitation maritime. Ce faisant, il met en évidence les développements récents dans le domaine, en mettant l’accent sur les principes émergents de “non-amputation” et de “non-distorsion.” L’article analyse également les règles cristallisantes de la délimitation au-delà des 200 milles marins et s’interroge sur l’applicabilité éventuelle de ces règles au différend entre le Canada et les États-Unis concernant leur frontière maritime dans la mer de Beaufort.
The authors would like to thank the members of the United States Department of State and Global Affairs Canada for their helpful insights and perspectives and extend special gratitude to Professor Emeritus Armand de Mestral of McGill University for his valuable support and encouragement throughout.
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