Introduction

This chapter argues that Japan-Russia relations have been developed through economic rather than political factors. These relations have been largely based on comparative advantages of the two countries, especially since the beginning of this century. Some have argued that if the so-called Northern Territorial Issue is resolved, Japanese-Russian economic relations will make rapid progress. Its contraposition is that if these bilateral economic relations do not develop rapidly, the territorial issue will not be resolved. However, I think that this proposition is a complete myth.

In the 1990s, after the collapse of the USSR and the ensuing political and economic turmoil in Russia, Japan-Russia economic relations did not improve much. Only in the 2000s, when the Russian economy began to grow rapidly due to rising oil prices, did bilateral trade relations enter a new stage of development. We can say that there was a boom in these relations in the period 2003–2008, when the volume of bilateral trade increased by 20–60 percent every year (Figure 8.1). In particular, Japan’s exports to Russia expanded quite rapidly through automobile exports (annual rates of increase were 40–90 percent). However, due to stagnant economic growth since 2009, Russia’s imports of passenger cars have decreased considerably, resulting in stagnation of Japan’s total exports to Russia in the past decade. The corresponding increase in Japan’s imports from Russia in this century was brought about by those of oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Those imports had grown until 2014 after a sharp drop in 2009 and have stagnated since 2015 largely due to the decline in energy prices.

In this chapter, I analyze these bilateral relations mainly in the period after the 2010s. Concerning the previous period, refer to Tabata (2012).