This book is premised on the understanding that work is a political idea of wide import and regulation of work is an exercise in public reasoning, whereby citizens accept the general idea of such regulation (labour law) because it is justified by an appeal to broadly accepted political ideals in contrast to justifications based primarily on private self-interested motives. The political notion of work and, relatedly, the just treatment of workers are articulated through the imagination of citizenship. The concept of duty-bearing citizenship is central to the articulation of the social justice agenda under the Constitution of India, 1950. Citizenship is understood as a basis for social cooperation, and the latter is essential to the formation and development of the independent constitutional state. At the same time, the conceptual and institutional project of social justice under the Indian Constitution unfolds with reference to social cooperation inherent in the idea of Indian citizenship. Indian citizenship cannot merely be defined on the basis of legal rights that citizens can validly demand against the state. The idea of citizenship carries with it substantial constitutional duties. These duties are central to the understanding of citizenship in India. The Constitution enumerates a number of citizenship duties, which every Indian citizen is expected to abide by and fulfil. One among these duties receives significant prominence under the Constitution, which is the duty to individually and collectively excel in their activities, including work or labour (as a core human activity), in a manner that contributes to the development of society (or the state). That this duty to work (and to excel in one's respective work) is fundamental to defining Indian citizenship is evident from the constitutional structure that furthers the social justice project of the constitutional state. The social justice project of the Constitution unfolds primarily through Parts III and IV of the Constitution, dealing with fundamental rights of individual citizens and fundamental duties of the state, respectively. Although the social justice project under the Constitution develops with reference to citizens’ duty to work and their social cooperation as workers, a duty-based conceptualisation of citizenship is yet to receive much prominence in political and legal scholarship. While citizenship obligations have been recognised in prominent accounts of citizenship, these obligations are conceived primarily as participatory and deliberative political duties, rather than an obligation to contribute by means of individual and collective labour.