I was fortunate to work with Gordon Barclay at Historic Scotland from 1999 until he left the agency in 2010. During that time I learned a great deal from Gordon through observing how he applied his detailed understanding of the Neolithic, and the archaeology of Scotland more generally, to the work of the Inspectorate, especially in relation to designations and casework. In considering what to write for his volume, I decided to review the Neolithic pottery from the excavations at Balfarg in Fife published by Gordon and Chris Russell-White in 1993. Since its publication, the Balfarg report has been often referred to by researchers with an interest in Scotland's prehistoric pottery. I hope that Gordon will enjoy this update, which demonstrates something of the contribution that the Balfarg/Balbirnie excavations made, and continue to make, to our understanding of the Neolithic of lowland Scotland, a subject that he has also contributed to through synthesis and overview (e.g., Barclay 2004).

The Balfarg/Balbirnie ceremonial complex

From 1983 to 1985 excavations of the ceremonial complex at Balfarg/ Balbirnie were undertaken by Barclay in response to development associated with the expansion of Glenrothes New Town in Fife (Figure 11.1). This was the final stage of three phases of excavation carried out over fifteen years and arranged by Historic Scotland and its predecessor departments (Barclay and Russell-White 1993: 48). In 1970–1, Balbirnie stone circle was excavated by Graham Ritchie and removed to another site (Ritchie 1974), and in 1977–8 the henge at Balfarg was excavated by Roger Mercer (1981). In 1978, a previously unknown enclosure was recognised by the RCAHMS from aerial photography and named the Balfarg Riding School enclosure. This was the site excavated by Barclay, along with features in the vicinity of the enclosure, henge and stone circle (Figure 11.2).