Chapter 4 discusses the literary heritage of one of the least discussed sects in Islamic history, Ibāḍism. The Ibāḍīs portray ʿAlī as having been a righteous Muslim and a legitimate caliph until the end of the battle of Ṣiffīn. At that point, they believe, he took an ignoble turn to misguidance in his quest for power. This image of ʿAlī differs from ʿUthmānī and Umayyad portrayals of him as vicious and sinful throughout his life. This chapter draws primarily on the Kitāb al-Dalīl of Abū Yaʿqūb al-Wārjalānī (d. 570/1175), an influential Ibāḍī scholar, complemented by expressions of anti-ʿAlid views in other authoritative Ibāḍī historical works. These texts demonstrate that the Khārijī legacy of anti-ʿAlidism survives even in the contemporary world.