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Monte Negro and the Urban Revolution in Oaxaca, Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Andrew K. Balkansky ,
Verónica Pérez Rodríguez  and
Stephen A. Kowalewski
Andrew K. Balkansky
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (abalkan@siu.edu)
Verónica Pérez Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011(vero.perez@nau.edu)
Stephen A. Kowalewski
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 (skowalew@uga.edu)
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Abstract

This paper is about Monte Negro’s origins, and how this site fits the emerging pattern in studies of Oaxacan urbanization including the Zapotec capital at Monte Albán. Our settlement data from a multivalley regional survey in the Mixteca Alta including Monte Negro allows comparison with other urban centers that we have surveyed. Monte Negro’s origins are due to internal settlement shifts, but occurred in the external context of widespread militarism and multiple urban transitions. Examination of local, regional, and macroregional settlement systems through time reveals variation in urban trajectories that current models were not designed to explain.

Monte Negro se puso el arquetipo del urbanismo mixteco en los 1930s, cuando sus orígenes se vincularon al período de fundación de Monte Albán. Desde entonces, los arqueólogos han debatido las causas de su urbanización y su relación con Monte Albán, postulando explicaciones que citan desde procesos locales y autónomos, hasta migraciones o conquistas zapotecas. Nuestros datos de patrones de asentamiento, resultados de un recorrido arqueológico de 10 valles en la Mixteca Alta central, incluyen a Monte Negro y sitios precursores cercanos a él. Recorrimos terrenos más allá de la famosa acrópolis de Monte Negro y realizamos un mapa que incluye estructuras excluidas del mapa hecho por Alfonso Caso y Jorge R. Acosta. El contexto regional de Monte Negro nos permite compararlo a nivel regional y macroregional con otros centros urbanos mixtecos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la urbanización de Monte Negro comenzó rápidamente durante el Formativo Tardío, y que éste desarrollo fue parte de una transformación generalizada por toda la Mixteca Alta. Explicamos los orígenes de Monte Negro por medio de un proceso de desarrollo autónomo y local, pero subrayamos que estos cambios ocurrieron en un contexto de militarismo generalizado y múltiples transiciones urbanas.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 15 , Issue 1 , March 2004 , pp. 33 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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