Chapter three examines China’s role in the drafting and adoption of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture.By covering the drafting of two different international agreements that occurred nearly a decade apart, this chapter illuminates China’s evolving posture as it shifted from a novice acting as a taker during the CAT negotiations to a more experienced regime participant attempting to constrain the regime during the negotiations over OPCAT.This chapter also documents the emergence in the late 1990s of a group of countries with shared views about resisting the kind of visiting authority envisioned in OPCAT, and the PRC’s cooperation with this group.I also briefly discuss the PRC’s interactions with the Committee against Torture to demonstrate that even though the PRC has been a taker toward this body it is not necessarily in substantive compliance with this convention.