Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Thanks and Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Tasks
- Introductory unit
- 1 Language standards and rules
- 2 Varieties of English
- 3 Types of grammar
- 4 Language systems and syllabuses
- 5 Forms and functions
- 6 An introduction to phonology
- 7 The consonants
- 8 The vowels
- 9 Rhythm and connected speech
- 10 Sentence stress and intonation
- 11 Word formation, spelling and word stress
- 12 Lexical meaning
- 13 Word classes and phrases
- 14 Sentence structure: the simple sentence
- 15 Sentence structure: the complex sentence
- 16 Negatives and questions
- 17 The verb phrase
- 18 Time and tense
- 19 Aspect: progressive
- 20 Aspect: perfect
- 21 Modality
- 22 Futurity
- 23 Hypothetical meaning and conditionals
- 24 The noun phrase
- 25 Determiners
- 26 Adjectives and adverbs
- 27 Prepositions and phrasal verbs
- 28 Cohesion
- 29 Texts
- 30 Conversation
- Key and commentaries
- Introductory unit
- 1 Language standards and rules
- 2 Varieties of English
- 3 Types of grammar
- 4 Language systems and syllabuses
- 5 Forms and functions
- 6 An introduction to phonology
- 7 The consonants
- 8 The vowels
- 9 Rhythm and connected speech
- 10 Sentence stress and intonation
- 11 Word formation, spelling and word stress
- 12 Lexical meaning
- 13 Word classes and phrases
- 14 Sentence structure: the simple sentence
- 15 Sentence structure: the complex sentence
- 16 Negatives and questions
- 17 The verb phrase
- 18 Time and tense
- 19 Aspect: progressive
- 20 Aspect: perfect
- 21 Modality
- 22 Futurity
- 23 Hypothetical meaning and conditionals
- 24 The noun phrase
- 25 Determiners
- 26 Adjectives and adverbs
- 27 Prepositions and phrasal verbs
- 28 Cohesion
- 29 Texts
- 30 Conversation
- References
- Index
19 - Aspect: progressive
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 February 2023
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Thanks and Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Tasks
- Introductory unit
- 1 Language standards and rules
- 2 Varieties of English
- 3 Types of grammar
- 4 Language systems and syllabuses
- 5 Forms and functions
- 6 An introduction to phonology
- 7 The consonants
- 8 The vowels
- 9 Rhythm and connected speech
- 10 Sentence stress and intonation
- 11 Word formation, spelling and word stress
- 12 Lexical meaning
- 13 Word classes and phrases
- 14 Sentence structure: the simple sentence
- 15 Sentence structure: the complex sentence
- 16 Negatives and questions
- 17 The verb phrase
- 18 Time and tense
- 19 Aspect: progressive
- 20 Aspect: perfect
- 21 Modality
- 22 Futurity
- 23 Hypothetical meaning and conditionals
- 24 The noun phrase
- 25 Determiners
- 26 Adjectives and adverbs
- 27 Prepositions and phrasal verbs
- 28 Cohesion
- 29 Texts
- 30 Conversation
- Key and commentaries
- Introductory unit
- 1 Language standards and rules
- 2 Varieties of English
- 3 Types of grammar
- 4 Language systems and syllabuses
- 5 Forms and functions
- 6 An introduction to phonology
- 7 The consonants
- 8 The vowels
- 9 Rhythm and connected speech
- 10 Sentence stress and intonation
- 11 Word formation, spelling and word stress
- 12 Lexical meaning
- 13 Word classes and phrases
- 14 Sentence structure: the simple sentence
- 15 Sentence structure: the complex sentence
- 16 Negatives and questions
- 17 The verb phrase
- 18 Time and tense
- 19 Aspect: progressive
- 20 Aspect: perfect
- 21 Modality
- 22 Futurity
- 23 Hypothetical meaning and conditionals
- 24 The noun phrase
- 25 Determiners
- 26 Adjectives and adverbs
- 27 Prepositions and phrasal verbs
- 28 Cohesion
- 29 Texts
- 30 Conversation
- References
- Index
Summary
1 The text contains the following examples of progressive and perfect aspect: has been … getting: present prefect progressive; is happening: present progressive; has been … losing: present perfect progressive; has … caused: present perfect; is changing: present progressive.
2 2a Tense: present. Aspect: progressive.
b Tense: past. Aspect: progressive.
3a Tense: past. No aspect.
b Tense: past. Aspect: progressive.
4a Tense: present. Aspect: perfect.
b Tense: past. Aspect: perfect.
5a Tense: present. No aspect.
b Tense: present. Aspect: perfect.
6a Tense: present. Aspect: perfect + progressive.
b Tense: present. Aspect: progressive.
Note that verb forms that are not marked for aspect are commonly called ‘simple’: present simple, past simple. But ‘simple’ is not an aspect: it is the absence of aspect.
3 The more extended contexts are:
a The two sides look to be heading for a draw when they meet at St James’s Park today. (Hence the time reference is in the future.)
b They are meeting in room 356-S of the Centre Block at 10 a.m. tomorrow morning. (Future reference.)
c A consultant reassures me. ‘No,’ he says. ‘We’re actually very careful when we audit what we’re doing. If, for example, someone is waiting for a hip operation, then of course they go on the list.’ (The time reference of is waiting is the extended present.)
d I like her voice as well, to be fair. And when she sings ‘I’m waiting, I’m waiting for you’, yes, yes, I wish she was waiting for me. (The time reference of she was waiting is the present, but it is hypothetical.)
e I n the evening, they reach the village of Brenna, and again ask to find a hut or barn to spend the night. (This is probably part of a narrative, and hence the time reference is in the past.)
f Maybe when they’ve reached their peak I’ll be able to assess better if they are the best pairing we’ve ever had. (The time reference is in the future.)
g Scene 1. Prague 1922 Kafka has been writing a letter but goes to the window when he hears someone haranguing a crowd. (The time reference is in the present – in the context of the play – but of course the imagined events occurred in the past, in 1922, specifically.)
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- About LanguageTasks for Teachers of English, pp. 284 - 286Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2017