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12 - Proximate and Ultimate Mechanisms of Cooperation in Fishes

from Part III - Social Cognition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2021

By
Joachim G. Frommen  and
Stefan Fischer
Edited by
Allison B. Kaufman ,
Josep Call  and
James C. Kaufman
Allison B. Kaufman
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
Josep Call
Affiliation:
University of St Andrews, Scotland
James C. Kaufman
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
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Summary

Cooperative interactions are widespread in the animal kingdom. Their occurrence can be explained by mutually non-exclusive benefits increasing an individual's (1) indirect fitness by cooperating with kin, and (2) direct fitness by mutually or reciprocally cooperating with others. Many cooperative behaviors require well-developed neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating their quantity and quality. Fishes offer great opportunities to increase our insight into ultimate and proximate questions of cooperation. Their social systems range from solitary- and pair-living to lose fission–fusion groups and highly complex societies. Cooperative interactions are an essential part of the behavioural repertoire of most fish species, occurring in a variety of social situations like predator inspection, foraging, mating, or brood care. Such interactions take place among related and unrelated individuals and even between members of different species. This fascinating diversity allows investigating all crucial factors mediating cooperation, e.g., by studying behavioural interactions within and between species, by applying comparative approaches between taxonomic groups and by using state-of-the-art genetic and neuroendocrine technologies to resolve the underlying mechanisms. This chapter provides an overview of the mechanisms and functions of cooperative behaviour in fishes, with the overall aim to illuminate the evolution of cooperative behaviour in general.

Keywords

helpingaltruismcooperative breedingreciprocityshoalingkin selection
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition , pp. 272 - 294
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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