Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T09:47:42.609Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

21 - Acquisition of Suprasegmental Phonology in Adult Bilingualism

from Part IV - The Phonetics and Phonology of the Bilingual Adult

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

By
Marta Ortega-Llebaria
Edited by
Mark Amengual
Mark Amengual
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Cruz
Get access

Summary

This chapter reviews the last twenty-five years of L2 prosody research in three sections, word stress, sentence intonation, and rhythm, and presents findings in relation to two underlying themes, form-meaning mapping and additive versus subtractive bilingual contexts. Concerning L2 stress, pioneering research framed perception difficulties either as an L1-to-L2 cue-transfer problem or as a processing deficit linked to learners’ inability to represent contrastive stress in their lexicons. Recent research established the extent and limits of those initial frames. L2 sentence intonation has multiple factors modeling its variation. One of them, social meaning, and in particular accommodation literature revealed the effect of affective factors which in multilingual communities became stronger than that of linguistic and social factors. As regards L2 rhythm, most research uses duration-based measures. Indeed, recent L1 studies started examining pitch-based rhythm measures which are still to be explored in L2. Ending with suggestions for future research that address those biases, this chapter aims at promoting a more inclusive and comprehensive understanding of L2 prosody.

Keywords

prosodystressrhythmintonationsecond languagebilingualismpitch-accenttoneadditive bilingualismsubtractive bilingualismlanguage ideologiesheritage speakersprosodic meaningssentence focusaccommodation
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Bilingual Phonetics and Phonology , pp. 471 - 498
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, J. & Hellmuth, S. (2022). Taiwanese and Beijing Mandarin listeners’ perception of English focus prosody. In Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2022, pp. 744–748. https://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2022-151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anya, U. (2021). Critical race pedagogy for more effective and inclusive world language teaching. Applied Linguistics, 42(6), 1055–1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, M., Breen, M., Gooden, S., Levon, E., & Yu, K. M., eds. (2022). Sociolectal and dialectal variation in prosody [special issue]. Language and Speech, 65(4), 783–790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arvaniti, A. (2009). Rhythm, timing and the timing of rhythm. Phonetica, 66(1–2), 46–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arvaniti, A. (2012). The usefulness of metrics in the quantification of speech rhythm. Journal of Phonetics, 40(3), 351–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagwasi, M. M. (2021). Education, multilingualism and bilingualism in Botswana. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2021(267–268), 43–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baills, F. (2022). Using the hands to embody prosody boosts phonological learning in a foreign language. [Doctoral dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra].Google Scholar
Barbosa, P. & Niebuhr, O. (2020). Persuasive speech is a matter of acoustics and chest breathing only. In Elmentaler, M. & Niebuhr, O., eds., An den Rändern der Sprache. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, pp. 551–578.Google Scholar
Barry, W., Andreeva, B., & Koreman, J. (2009). Do rhythm measures reflect perceived rhythm? Phonetica, 66(1–2), 78–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beckman, M. E., Díaz-Campos, M., McGory, J. T., & Morgan, T. A. (2002). Intonation across Spanish, in the Tones and Break Indices Framework. Probus, 14(1), 9–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckman, M. E., Hirschberg, J., & Shattuck-Hufnagel, S. (2006). The original ToBI system and the evolution of the ToBI system. In Jun, S.-A., ed., Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 9–54.Google Scholar
Benet, A., Gabriel, C., Kireva, E., & Pešková, A. (2012). Prosodic transfer from Italian to Spanish: Rhythmic properties of L2 speech and Argentinean Porteño. In Ma, Q., Ding, H., & Hirst, D., eds., Speech Prosody 2012. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, pp. 438–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruggeman, L. (2016). Native, dominance, and the flexibility of listening to spoken language. [Doctoral dissertation, Western Sydney University].Google Scholar
Bruggeman, L., Yu, J., & Cutler, A. (2022). Listener adjustment of stress cue use to fit language vocabulary structure. In Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2022, pp. 264–267. https://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2022-54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cason, N., Marmursztejn, M., D’Imperio, M., & Schön, D. (2020). Rhythmic abilities correlate with L2 prosody imitation abilities in typologically different languages. Language and Speech, 63(1), 149–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, W. (2022). Theorizing positive transfer in cross-linguistic speech perception: The acoustical-attentional-contextual hypothesis. Journal of Phonetics, 91, 101–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, W., Tong, X., & Samuel, A. G. (2019). Better than native: Tone language experience enhances second language English lexical stress discrimination in Cantonese-English bilinguals. Cognition, 189, 188–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clopper, C. G. & Smiljanic, R. (2011). Effects of gender and regional dialect on prosodic patterns in American English. Journal of Phonetics, 39(2), 237–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coetzee, A. W., García-Amaya, L., Henriksen, N., & Wissing, D. (2015). Bilingual speech rhythm: Spanish-Afrikaans in Patagonia. In Wolters, M., Livingstone, J., Beattie, B., Smith, R., MacMahon, M., Stuart-Smith, J., & Scobbie, J. M., eds., Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Science (ICPhS 2015). Glasgow: Glasgow University. www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2015/Papers/ICPHS0911.pdf.Google Scholar
Colantoni, L. & Gurlekian, J. (2004). Convergence and intonation: Historical evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(2), 107–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, J., Hualde, J. I., Smith, C. L., et al. (2019). Sound, structure and meaning: The bases of prominence ratings in English, French and Spanish. Journal of Phonetics, 75, 113–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, N., Cutler, A., & Wales, R. (2002). Constraints of lexical stress on lexical access in English: Evidence from native and non-native listeners. Language and Speech, 45(3), 207–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cruz, M. (2013). Prosodic variation in EP: Phrasing, intonation and rhythm in Central-Southern varieties. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Lisbon].Google Scholar
Cutler, A. (2005). Lexical stress. In Pisoni, D. B. & Remez, R. E., eds., The Handbook of Speech Perception. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 264–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutler, A. (2012). Native Listening: Language Experience and the Recognition of Spoken Words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutler, A. & Jesse, A. (2021). Word stress in speech perception. In Pardo, J. S., Nygaard, L. C., Remez, R. E., & Pisoni, D. B., eds., The Handbook of Speech Perception. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 239–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Da Silva Junior, L. J. & Barbosa, P. A. (2019). Speech rhythm of English as L2: An investigation of prosodic variables on the production of Brazilian Portuguese speakers. Journal of Speech Sciences, 8(2), 37–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E. (2020). The Frequency Code and gendered attrition and acquisition in the German-English heritage language community in Vancouver, Canada. In Brehmer, B. & Treffers-Daller, J., eds., Lost in Transmission: The Role of Attrition and Input in Heritage Language Development. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 230–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dellwo, V. (2010). Influences of speech rate on the acoustic correlates of speech rhythm: An experimental phonetic study based on acoustic and perceptual evidence. [Doctoral dissertation, Bonn University].Google Scholar
Dupoux, E., Pallier, C., Sebastian, N., & Mehler, J. (1997). A destressing “deafness” in French? Journal of Memory and Language, 36(3), 406–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dupoux, E., Peperkamp, S., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2001). A robust method to study stress “deafness.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 110(3), 1606–1618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dupoux, E., Peperkamp, S., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2010). Limits on bilingualism revisited: Stress “deafness” in simultaneous French-Spanish bilinguals. Cognition, 114(2), 266–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elordieta, G. & Romera, M. (2021). The influence of social factors on the prosody of Spanish in contact with Basque. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(1), 286–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escandell-Vidal, V. & Prieto, P. (2020). Pragmatics and prosody in research on Spanish. In Koike, D. A. & Félix-Brasdefer, J. C., eds., The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Pragmatics. New York: Routledge, pp. 149–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, N. & García, E. S. (2020). Power, language, and bilingual learners. In Nasir, N. S., Lee, C. D., Pea, R., & de Royston, M. McKinney, eds., Handbook of the Cultural Foundations of Learning. New York: Routledge, pp. 178–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frota, S., Cruz, M., Cardoso, R., et al. (2021). (Dys)Prosody in Parkinson’s disease: Effects of medication and disease duration on intonation and prosodic phrasing. Brain Sciences, 11(8), 1100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frota, S. & Vigário, M. (2001). On the correlates of rhythmic distinctions: The European/Brazilian Portuguese case. Probus, 13, 247–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frota, S., Vigário, M., Cruz, M., Hohl, F., & Braun, B. (2022). Amplitude envelope modulations across languages reflect prosody. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2022, pp. 688–692. http://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2022-140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabriel, C. & Kireva, E. (2014). Prosodic transfer in learner and contact varieties: Speech rhythm and intonation of Buenos Aires Spanish and L2 Castilian Spanish produced by Italian native speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36(2), 257–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasparini, L., Langus, A., Tsuji, S., & Boll-Avetisyan, N. (2021). Quantifying the role of rhythm in infants’ language discrimination abilities: A meta-analysis. Cognition, 213, 104757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gili Fivela, B., Avesani, C., Barone, M., et al. (2015). Intonational phonology of the regional varieties of Italian. In Frota, S. & Prieto, P., eds., Intonation in Romance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 140–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gluhareva, D. & Prieto, P. (2017). Training with rhythmic beat gestures benefits L2 pronunciation in discourse-demanding situations. Language Teaching Research, 21(5), 609–631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, J. (1976). Autosegmental phonology. [Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology].Google Scholar
Grabe, E. & Low, E. L. (2002). Durational variability in speech and the rhythm class hypothesis. Papers in Laboratory Phonology, 7(1982), 515–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grenon, I. & White, L. (2008). Acquiring rhythm: A comparison of L1 and L2 speakers of Canadian English and Japanese. In Chan, H., Jacob, H., & Kapia, E., eds., Proceedings of the 32nd Boston University Conference on Language Development. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, pp. 155–166.Google Scholar
Guilbault, C. P. G. (2002). The acquisition of French rhythm by English second language learners. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton].Google Scholar
Gumperz, J. J. (1997). Interethnic communication. In Coupland, N. & Jaworski, A., eds., Sociolinguistics. London: Palgrave, pp. 395–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gussenhoven, C. (2004). The Phonology of Tone and Intonation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gut, U. (2009). Non-native speech: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Phonological and Phonetic Properties of L2 English and German. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gut, U. (2012). Rhythm in L2 speech. Speech and Language Technology, 14(15), 83–94.Google Scholar
He, L. (2012). Syllabic intensity variations as quantification of speech rhythm: Evidence from both L1 and L2. In Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2022, 466–469. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-127263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holliday, N. & Villarreal, D. (2020). Intonational variation and incrementality in listener judgments of ethnicity. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology, 11(1), 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jun, S.-A. (2014). Prosodic typology: By prominence type, word prosody, and macro-rhythm. In Jun, S.-A., ed., Prosodic Typology II: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 520–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kachru, B. B. (1992). Teaching world Englishes. The Other Tongue: English Across Cultures, 2(2), 355–365.Google Scholar
Kang, O. & Kermad, A. (2019). Prosody in L2 pragmatics research. In Taguchi, N., ed., The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Pragmatics. New York: Routledge, pp. 78–92.Google Scholar
Kang, O., Johnson, D. O., & Kermad, A. (2021). Second Language Prosody and Computer Modeling. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawase, S., Kim, J., & Davis, C. (2016). The influence of second language experience on Japanese-accented English rhythm. In Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2016, pp. 746–750. https://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2016-153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, H. & Tremblay, A. (2021). Korean listeners’ processing of suprasegmental lexical contrasts in Korean and English: A cue-based transfer approach. Journal of Phonetics, 87, 101059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J. Y. (2020). Discrepancy between heritage speakers’ use of suprasegmental cues in the perception and production of Spanish lexical stress. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(2), 233–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinoshita, N. & Sheppard, C. (2011). Validating acoustic measures of speech rhythm for second language acquisition. In Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Hong Kong, 10861089. www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2011/OnlineProceedings/RegularSession/Kinoshita/Kinoshita.pdf.Google Scholar
Ladd, D. R. (2008). Intonational Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lai, C., Evanini, K., & Zechner, K. (2013). Applying rhythm metrics to non-native spontaneous speech. In Badin, P., Hueber, T., Bailly, G., Demolin, D., & Raby, F., eds., Proceedings of Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE), Grenoble, France, pp. 159–163. www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/14978203/laiEtAl2012rhythm.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. (2020). Revisiting the intelligibility and nativeness principles. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 6(3), 310–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, A. & Post, B. (2014). L2 acquisition of prosodic properties of speech rhythm: Evidence from L1 Mandarin and German learners of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36(2), 223–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, C. Y., Wang, M., Idsardi, W. J., & Xu, Y. I. (2014). Stress processing in Mandarin and Korean second language learners of English. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(2), 316–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lippi-Green, R. (2012). English with an Accent: Language, Ideology, and Discrimination in the United States. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llisterri, J. & Schwab, S. (2019). Perception of lexical stress in Spanish L2 by French speakers. In Gibson, M. & Gil, J., eds., Romance Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 177–190.Google Scholar
Mennen, I. (2015). Beyond segments: Towards a L2 intonation learning theory. In Delais-Roussaire, E., Avanzi, M., & Herment, S., eds., Prosody and Language in Contact. Berlin: Springer, pp. 171–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mennen, I., Reubold, U., Endes, K., & Mayr, R. (2022). Plasticity of native intonation in the L1 of English migrants to Austria. Languages, 7(3), 241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murty, L., Otake, T., & Cutler, A. (2007). Perceptual tests of rhythmic similarity: I. Mora rhythm. Language and Speech, 50(1), 77–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagao, J. & Ortega-Llebaria, M. (2021). The interaction of micro- and macro-rhythm measures in English and Japanese as first and second languages. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Tone and Intonation (TAI), pp. 273–277. https://doi.org/10.21437/TAI.2021-56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nazzi, T., Bertoncini, J., & Mehler, J. (1998). Language discrimination by newborns: Toward an understanding of the role of rhythm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 756–766.Google ScholarPubMed
Nazzi, T. & Ramus, F. (2003). Perception and acquisition of linguistic rhythm by infants. Speech Communication, 41(1), 233–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niebuhr, O., Thumm, J., & Michalsky, J. (2018). Shapes and timing in charismatic speech: Evidence from sounds and melodies. In Klessa, K., Bachan, J., Wagner, A., Karpiński, M., and Śledziński, D., eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Speech Prosody. International Speech Communication Association, pp. 582–586. https://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2018-118.Google Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (1984). An ethological perspective on common cross-language utilization of F₀ of voice. Phonetica, 41(1), 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ordin, M. & Mennen, I. (2015). Comparison of fundamental frequency in Welsh and English in bilingual speech. In Wolters, M., Livingstone, J., Beattie, B., Smith, R., MacMahon, M., Stuart-Smith, J., & Scobbie, J. M., eds., Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2015). Glasgow: Glasgow University. www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2015/Papers/ICPHS0148.pdf.Google Scholar
Ordin, M. & Mennen, I. (2017). Cross-linguistic differences in bilinguals’ fundamental frequency ranges. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60(6), 1493–1506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ordin, M. & Polyanskaya, L. (2015). Acquisition of speech rhythm in a second language by learners with rhythmically different native languages. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 138(2), 533–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orrico, R. & D’Imperio, M. (2020). Individual empathy levels affect gradual intonation-meaning mapping: The case of biased questions in Salerno Italian. Laboratory Phonology, 11(1), 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, M. & Colantoni, L. (2014). L2 English intonation: Relations between form-meaning associations, access to meaning, and L1 transfer. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36(2), 331–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, M., Gu, H., & Fan, J. (2013). English speakers’ perception of Spanish lexical stress: Context-driven L2 stress perception. Journal of Phonetics, 41(3–4), 186–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, M., Nemogá, M., & Presson, N. (2017). Long-term experience with a tonal language shapes the perception of intonation in English words: How Chinese-English bilinguals perceive “Rose?” vs. “Rose.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 20(2), 367–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, M. & Wu, Z. (2021). Chinese-English speakers’ perception of pitch in their non-tonal language: Reinterpreting English as a tonal-like language. Language and Speech, 64(2), 467–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortín, R. (2022). Spanish heritage speakers’ processing of lexical stress. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2021-0187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortín, R. & Simonet, M. (2022). Phonological processing of stress by native English speakers learning Spanish as a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 44(2), 460–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortín, R. & Simonet, M. (2023). Perceptual sensitivity to stress in native English speakers learning Spanish as a second language. Laboratory Phonology, 14(1), 1–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozaki, Y., Yazawa, K., & Kondo, M. (2017). L2 English speech rhythm of Japanese speakers: An alternative implementation of the Varco metrics. In Proceedings of the Phonetics Teaching and Learning Conference UCL, 84–88.Google Scholar
Parera, A. F. & Lynch, A. (2021). The effects of explicit instruction on written accent mark usage in basic and intermediate Spanish heritage language courses. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 8(1), 16–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pellegrino, E., Schwab, S., & Dellwo, V. (2021). Native listeners rely on rhythmic cues when deciding on the nativeness of speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 150(4), 2836–2853.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peng, S. H., Chan, M. K., Tseng, C. Y., et al. (2005). Towards a Pan-Mandarin system for prosodic transcription. In Jun, S.-A., ed., Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 230–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peperkamp, S., Vendelin, I., & Dupoux, E. (2010). Perception of predictable stress: A cross-linguistic investigation. Journal of Phonetics, 38(3), 422–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poeppel, D. & Assaneo, M. F. (2020). Speech rhythms and their neural foundations. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 21(6), 322–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Polyanskaya, L., Busà, M. G., & Ordin, M. (2020). Capturing cross-linguistic differences in macro-rhythm: The case of Italian and English. Language and Speech, 63(2), 242–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prieto, P., del Mar Vanrell, M., Astruc, L., Payne, E., & Post, B. (2012). Phonotactic and phrasal properties of speech rhythm. Evidence from Catalan, English, and Spanish. Speech Communication, 54(6), 681–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prieto, P. & Roseano, P., eds. (2010). Transcription of Intonation of the Spanish Language. Munich: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar
Quené, H., Orr, R., Campbell, N., Gibbon, D., & Hirst, D. (2014). Long-term convergence of speech rhythm in L1 and L2 English. Social and Linguistic Speech Prosody, 7, 342–345.Google Scholar
Qin, Z., Chien, Y. F., & Tremblay, A. (2017). Processing of word-level stress by Mandarin-speaking second language learners of English. Applied Psycholinguistics, 38(3), 541–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramus, F., Nespor, M., & Mehler, J. (1999). Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Cognition, 73(3), 265–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, R. (2019). The phonological system of adult heritage speakers of Spanish in the United States. In Colina, S. & Martínez-Gil, F., eds., The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Phonology. New York: Routledge, pp. 439–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, R., Ye, T., & Butera, B. (2022). The prosodic expression of sarcasm vs. sincerity by heritage speakers of Spanish. Languages, 7(1), 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rathcke, T., Lin, C. Y., Falk, S., & Bella, S. D. (2021). Tapping into linguistic rhythm. Laboratory Phonology, 12(1), article 11, 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romera, M. & Elordieta, G. (2013). Prosodic accommodation in language contact: Spanish intonation in Majorca. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 221, 127–151.Google Scholar
Romera, M. & Elordieta, G. (2020). Information-seeking question intonation in Basque Spanish and its correlation with degree of contact and language attitudes. Languages, 5(4), 70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosa, J. & Flores, N. (2017). Unsettling race and language: Toward a raciolinguistic perspective. Language in Society, 46(5), 621–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saalfeld, A. K. (2012). Teaching L2 Spanish stress. Foreign Language Annals, 45(2), 283–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebina, B., Setter, J., & Daller, M. (2021). The Setswana speech rhythm of 6–7 year-old Setswana-English bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(3), 592–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shook, A. & Marian, V. (2016). The influence of native-language tones on lexical access in the second language. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 139(6), 3102–3109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simonet, M. (2008). Language contact in Majorca: An experimental sociophonetic approach. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign].Google Scholar
Soler, J. & Morales-Galvez, S. (2022). Linguistic justice and global English: Theoretical and empirical approaches. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2022(277), 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taguchi, N., Hirsch, K., & Kang, O. (2022). Development of prosody in pragmatics meaning-making: Prosodic changes in L2 speech acts and contributing factors. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 44(3), 843–858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Maastricht, L., Krahmer, E., Swerts, M., & Prieto, P. (2019). Learning direction matters: A study on L2 rhythm acquisition by Dutch learners of Spanish and Spanish learners of Dutch. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 41(1), 87–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X. (2021). Beyond segments: Towards a lexical model for tonal bilinguals. Journal of Second Language Studies, 4(2), 245–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X., Wang, J., & Malins, J. (2017). Do you hear “feather” when listening to “rain”? Lexical tone activation during unconscious translation: Evidence from Mandarin-English bilinguals. Cognition, 169, 15–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, L. & Mattys, S. L. (2007). Calibrating rhythm: First language and second language studies. Journal of Phonetics, 35(4), 501–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiener, S. & Goss, S. (2018). Perceptual assimilation of non-native prosodic cues: Cross-linguistic effects of lexical F0 learning. In Klessa, K., Bachan, J., Wagner, A., Karpiński, M., and Śledziński, D., eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Speech Prosody. International Speech Communication Association, pp. 947–951. https://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2018-191.Google Scholar
Wiener, S. & Goss, S. (2019). Second and third language learners’ sensitivity to Japanese pitch accent is additive: An information-based model. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 41(4), 897–910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winter, B., Oh, G. E., Hübscher, I., et al. (2021). Rethinking the frequency code: A meta-analytic review of the role of acoustic body size in communicative phenomena. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1840), 20200400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Y., Chen, S.-W., & Wang, B. (2012). Prosodic focus with and without post-focus compression (PFC): A typological divide within the same language family? Linguistic Review, 29, 131–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L. (1998). Prosody, Focus, and Word Order. Linguistic Inquiry Monographs, vol. 33. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L. & Nava, E. (2011). Encoding discourse-based meaning: Prosody vs. syntax. Implications for second language acquisition. Lingua, 121(4), 652–669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×