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33 - The Role of Nutrition in Cognitive Decline

from Part V - Later Life and Interventions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2020

By
Berna Rahi ,
Cyrus A. Raji ,
Somayeh Meysami  and
David Merrill
Edited by
Ayanna K. Thomas  and
Angela Gutchess
Ayanna K. Thomas
Affiliation:
Tufts University, Massachusetts
Angela Gutchess
Affiliation:
Brandeis University, Massachusetts
Get access

Summary

Strong evidence suggests that older adults at risk of cognitive decline benefit from healthy lifestyle strategies to prevent or delay cognitive disorders. In particular, nutrition has been shown to preserve cognitive functions. Nutritional interventions, whether with single nutrients or following dietary patterns, have all shown protective effects against cognitive decline. In particular, higher levels of vitamins C, D, E, K, and the B family were associated with a better cognitive status. Likewise, fruit and vegetable consumption and omega-3 intake were protective against declined cognition. Regarding dietary patterns, the Mediterranean-type diet, DASH, and MIND diets are all positively associated with slower rates of cognitive decline and decreased risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Nevertheless, intervention trials with vitamins or omega-3 supplements have not demonstrated conclusive evidence for preventing cognitive decline in healthy older adults, or for preventing loss or restoring function in patients with mild to moderate decline. Nutritional recommendations for older adults should emphasize dietary intakes of nutrients and food groups following those recommendations, as well as adoption of the Mediterranean, DASH, or MIND diets, in order to decrease risk of cognitive decline.

Keywords

B vitaminsfolateB12B6CDKEbeta-carotenefood frequency questionnairehomocysteinecognitive declinemild cognitive impairmentdietary intakedementiasupplementationThree-City Studyfruitsvegetablesantioxidantsomega-3 polyunsaturatedfatty acidsdietary patternsMediterranean dietDASH dietMIND dietprudent dietketogenic dietcaloric restrictionweight lossDale Bredesen
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging
A Life Course Perspective
 , pp. 612 - 627
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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