Many of these uncontrolled benzodiazepine-type substances were NPS. However, in comparison to other types of NPS that have appeared in the last decade, the number of benzodiazepine NPS is small. The World Drug Report 2019 noted that out of the 492 drugs classified as NPS that were reported in 2017, only 25 were NPS with a sedative-hypnotic effect. Among all NPS reported in 2017, 79 were reported for the first time this year, and this only included 4 drugs with a sedative-hypnotic effect. Most such NPS are benzodiazepines, some of which have been patented, but many have never been marketed for medical use. The majority have never undergone clinical trials and are typically sold as ‘legal benzodiazepines’, ‘designer benzodiazepines’ or ‘research chemicals’.