Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-vt8vv Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-08-22T05:36:51.142Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - The productive coalition model

from PART 1 - Theories of corporate governance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

Andrew Johnston
Affiliation:
University of Queensland
Get access

Summary

Introduction

‘One of the marks of a truly dominant intellectual paradigm is the difficulty people have in even imagining any alternative view.’

Although ‘the end of history for corporate law’ was glimpsed around the turn of the century, it appears to have been postponed following the arrival of fresh corporate governance and financial crises. As this book demonstrates, in Europe at least, the shareholder value model of corporate governance has not yet triumphed completely over the stakeholder model, either in law or in the realms of economic theory. After a brief discussion of political stakeholder theory and its legal manifestations, this chapter discusses the productive coalition model of corporate governance in detail. It then examines whether, and if so, how, the law can assist companies to operate as productive coalitions.

Political stakeholding

As long as demands that companies pursue shareholder value were based on a logic of property, they were generally opposed by a political stakeholding model, which emphasises the responsibility of companies to their employees, and sometimes to a broader range of stakeholders, including consumers, the environment, ‘the immediate community, and indeed, the general society’. Broader formulations of stakeholder theory have been heavily criticised in both legal and economic scholarship for indeterminacy, and for being of little use either in assessing management performance or in grounding concrete law reform proposals. While this is a fascinating debate from the perspective of the role of corporations in society, it is not directly relevant to our discussion.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, W., ‘Contracts and Communities in Corporation Law’ (1993) 50 Washington and Lee Law Review1395 at 1401Google Scholar
Hansmann, H. and Kraakman, R., ‘The End of History for Corporate Law’ (2001) 89 Georgetown Law Journal439Google Scholar
Dinh, V., ‘Co-determination and Corporate Governance in a Multinational Business Enterprise’ (1999) 24 Iowa Journal of Corporation Law975 at 985Google Scholar
Jensen, M., ‘Value Maximization, Stakeholder Theory, and the Corporate Objective Function’ (2001) Harvard Business School Working Paper 00–058 at 2–3Google Scholar
Easterbrook, F. H. and Fischel, D. R., The Economic Structure of Corporate Law (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991)Google Scholar
Johnston, J., ‘No Man Can Serve Two Masters’ (1998) Social Affairs Unit Research Report25Google Scholar
Ellerman, D., The Democratic Worker-owned Firm (London: Unwin Hyman (out of print, available at www.Ellerman.org), 1990)
Kelly, M., The Divine Right of Capital (San Francisco, Calif.: Berrett-Koehler, 2003)Google Scholar
Wedderburn, K., ‘The Legal Development of Corporate Responsibility: For Whom Will Corporate Managers Be Trustees?’ in Hopt, K. and Teubner, G. (eds.), Corporate Governance and Directors' Liabilities (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1985)Google Scholar
Stone, C., ‘Public Interest Representation: Economic and Social Policy inside the Enterprise’, in Corporate Governance and Directors' Liabilities (1985) at 136Google Scholar
Dahl, R., A Preface to Economic Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985)Google Scholar
Heller, F., Pusić, E., Strauss, G. and Wilpert, B., Organizational Participation: Myth and Reality (Oxford University Press, 1998)Google Scholar
Pateman, C., Participation and Democratic Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1970)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowles, S. and Gintis, H., ‘Is the Demand for Workplace Democracy Redundant in a Liberal Economy?’ in Pagano, U. and Rowthorn, R. (eds.), Democracy and Efficiency in the Economic Enterprise (London: Routledge, 1996)Google Scholar
Hurst, P., ‘From the Economic to the Political’, in Kelly, D., Kelly, G. and Gamble, A. (eds.), Stakeholder Capitalism (London: Macmillan, 1997)Google Scholar
Kelly, D., Kelly, G. and Gamble, A., ‘Stakeholder Capitalism’, in Kelly, et al. (eds.), Stakeholder Capitalism (1997) at 244Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, M., Contests for Corporate Control: Corporate Governance and Economic Performance in the United States and Germany (Oxford University Press, 2000)Google Scholar
Kahn-Freund, O., ‘Industrial Democracy’ (1977) 6 Industrial Law Journal65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, P. and Wedderburn, K., ‘The Land of Industrial Democracy’ (1977) 6 Industrial Law Journal197CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobczak, A., Réseaux de Sociétés et Codes de Conduite: un Nouveau Modèle de Régulation des Rélations de Travail pour les Entreprises Européennes (Paris: LGDJ, 2002) at 219fGoogle Scholar
Berle, A. and Means, G., The Modern Corporation and Private Property (New York: Transaction Publishers, 1991) at 5Google Scholar
Berle, A., ‘Corporate Powers as Powers in Trust’ (1931) 44 Harvard Law Review1049CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodd, E., ‘For Whom Are Corporate Managers Trustees?’ (1932) 45 Harvard Law Review1145CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berle, A., ‘For Whom Corporate Managers Are Trustees: a Note’ (1932) 45 Harvard Law Review1365CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkinson, J., Corporate Power and Responsibility: Issues in the Theory of Company Law (Oxford: Clarendon, 1993) at 268–9Google Scholar
Vogel, D., The Market for Virtue: the Potential and Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2005)Google Scholar
Schutter, O., ‘Corporate Social Responsibility European Style’ (2008) 14 European Law Journal203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, Margaret and Stout, Lynn in ‘A Team Production Theory of Corporate Law’ (1999) 85 Virginia Law Review247 at 281CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, M., Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty-first Century (Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, 1995) at 233–4Google Scholar
Zingales, L., ‘Corporate Governance’, in Newman, P. (ed.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law (London: Macmillan, 1998) at 497Google Scholar
Williamson, O., The Economic Institutions of Capitalism (New York: The Free Press, 1985)Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert, who argued that the ‘capacity of the human mind for formulating and solving complex problems is very small compared with the size of the problems whose solution is required for objectively rational behavior in the real world’. Models of Man (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1957) at 198Google Scholar
Williamson, O., Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications (New York: The Free Press, 1975) at 9Google Scholar
Simon, H., ‘A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice’ (1955) 69 Quarterly Journal of Economics99 at 101CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolls, C., Sunstein, C. and Thaler, R., ‘A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics’, in Sunstein, C. (ed.), Behavioral Law and Economics (Cambridge University Press, 2000) at 14Google Scholar
Posner, E., ‘Economic Analysis of Contract Law after Three Decades: Success or Failure?’ (2003) 112 Yale Law Journal829 at 865CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, D. (ed.), The Relational Theory of Contract: Selected Works of Ian Macneil (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2001) at 184–5
Rock, E. and Wachter, M., ‘Tailored Claims and Governance: the Fit between Employees and Shareholders’, in Blair, M. and Roe, M. J. (eds.), Employees and Corporate Governance (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999), at 123Google Scholar
Blair, M., ‘Firm-Specific Human Capital and Theories of the Firm’, in Blair, and Roe, (eds.), Employees and Corporate Governance (1999) at 62Google Scholar
Romano, R., ‘A Guide to Takeovers: Theory, Evidence and Regulation’, in Hopt, K. and Wymeersch, E. (eds.), European Takeovers: Law and Practice (London: Butterworths, 1992) at 17Google Scholar
Millon, D., ‘New Game Plan or Business as Usual? A Critique of the Team Production Model of Corporate Law’ (2000) 86 Virginia Law Review1001 at 1028CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aglietta, M. and Rebérioux, A., Corporate Governance Adrift: a Critique of Shareholder Value (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2005) at 80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coffee, J., ‘Liquidity Versus Control: the Institutional Investor as Corporate Monitor’ (1991) 91 Columbia Law Review1277 at 1288–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, M., Wealth Creation and Wealth Sharing: a Colloqium on Corporate Governance and Investments in Human Capital (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1996) at 18Google Scholar
Grossman, S. and Hart, O., ‘The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: a Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration’ (1986) 94 Journal of Political Economy691CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, O. and Moore, J., ‘Property Rights and the Nature of the Firm’ (1990) 98 Journal of Political Economy1119 at 1150CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deakin, S. and Slinger, G., ‘Hostile Takeovers, Corporate Law, and the Theory of the Firm’ (1997) 24 Journal of Law and Society124 at 131CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azariadis, C., ‘Implicit Contracts and Underemployment Equilibria’ (1975) 83 Journal of Political Economy1183 at 1184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stout, L., ‘Stock Prices and Social Wealth’ (2000) Harvard Law School Center for Law and Economics Discussion Paper No. 301 at 29Google Scholar
Blair, M., ‘Rethinking Assumptions Behind Corporate Governance’ (1995) Challenge12 at 14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, R., ‘Stakeholders and Takeovers: Can Contractarianism be Compassionate?’ (1993) 43 University of Toronto Law Journal315 at 318–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streeck, W., ‘Beneficial Constraints: On the Economic Limits of Rational Voluntarism’, in Hollingsworth, J. Rogers and Boyer, R. (eds.), Contemporary Capitalism: the Embeddedness of Institutions (Cambridge University Press, 1997)Google Scholar
Rajan, R. and Zingales, L., ‘The Governance of the New Enterprise’, in Vives, X. (ed.), Corporate Governance: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 2000) at 206, fn. 9Google Scholar
Armour, J. and Deakin, S., ‘Insolvency and Employment Protection: the Mixed Effects of the Acquired Rights Directive’ (2002) 22 International Review of Law and Economics443 at 446CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazear, E., ‘Firm-specific Human Capital: a Skill-weights Approach’ (2003) IZA Discussion Paper No. 213 at 1Google Scholar
Gelter, M., ‘The Dark Side of Shareholder Influence: Toward a Holdup Theory of Stakeholders in Comparative Corporate Governance’ (2008) ECGI Law Working Paper No. 96/2008 at 12Google Scholar
Weiler, P., Governing the Workplace: the Future of Labor and Employment Law (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990) at 147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S., ‘On the Economic Rationale for Co-determination Law’ (1991) 16 Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization261 at 264CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estevez-Abe, M., Iversen, T. and Soskice, D., ‘Social Protection and the Formation of Skills: a Reinterpretaton of the Welfare State’, in Hall, P. and Soskice, D. (eds.), Varieties of Capitalism: the Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage (Oxford University Press, 2001) at 149Google Scholar
Gospel, H. and Willman, P., ‘High Performance Workplaces: the Role of Employee Involvement in a Modern Economy’ (2003) Centre for Economic Performance Working Paper (February 2003) at 7Google Scholar
Osterman, P., Kochan, T., Locke, R. and Piore, M., Working in America: a Blueprint for the New Labor Market (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001) at 81Google Scholar
Osterman, P., Securing Prosperity (Princeton University Press, 1999) at 108Google Scholar
Rajan, R. and Zingales, L., Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists (London: Random House Business Books, 2003) at 86Google Scholar
Kay, J. and Silberston, A., ‘Corporate Governance’ (1995) National Institute Economic Review84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, A., Just Capital: the Liberal Economy (London: Macmillan, 2001) at 53–9Google Scholar
Topel, R., ‘Specific Capital, Mobility and Wages: Wages Rise with Job Security’ (1991) 99 Journal of Political Economy145 at 147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connor, M., ‘The Human Capital Era: Reconceptualizing Coporate Law to Facilitate Labor-Management Cooperation (1993) 78 Cornell Law Review899 at 907–8Google Scholar
Bebchuk, L., ‘The Case against Board Veto in Corporate Takeovers’ (2002) 69 University of Chicago Law Review973 at 994CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M., ‘Takeovers: their Causes and Consequences’ (1988) 2 Journal of Economic Perspectives21 at 28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultze, C., ‘Has Job Security Eroded for American Workers?’ in Blair, M. and Kochan, T. (eds.), The New Relationship: Human Capital in the American Corporation (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2000) at 59Google Scholar
Marshall, A., Principles of Economics 8th edn (New York: Macmillan, 1948) at 626Google Scholar
Hayek, F., The Constitution of Liberty (Abingdon: Routledge Classics 2006) at 83Google Scholar
Langlois, R. and Foss, N., ‘Capabilities and Governance: the Rebirth of Production in the Theory of Economic Organization’ (1997) DRUID (Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics) Working Paper No. 97–2 at 21Google Scholar
Teece, D., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A., ‘Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management’ (1997) 18 Strategic Management Journal509 at 5183.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, R. and Winter, S., An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1982) at 14–15Google Scholar
Coriat, B. and Dosi, G., ‘Learning How to Govern and Learning How to Solve Problems: On the Co-evolution of Competences, Conflicts and Organizational Routines’, in Chandler, A., Hagstrom, P. and Solvell, O. (eds.), The Dynamic Firm: the Role of Technology, Strategy, Organization, and Regions (Oxford University Press, 1998) at 106Google Scholar
Lazonick, W. and O'Sullivan, M., ‘Perspectives on Corporate Governance, Innovation and Economic Performance’, in Lazonick, W. and O'Sullivan, M. (eds.), Corporate Governance, Innovation and Economic Performance in the EU (Paris: European Institute of Business Administration (INSEAD), 2000) at 44Google Scholar
Fischel, D., ‘Labor Markets and Labor Law Compared with Capital Markets and Corporate Law’ (1984) 51 University of Chicago Law Review1061CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, O., ‘Corporate Governance’ (1984) 93 Yale Law Journal1197 at 1204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenoble, J. and Maesschalck, M., ‘Beyond Neo-institutionalist and Pragmatist Approaches to Governance’ (2006) Reflexive Governance in the Public Interest Working Paper Series REFGOV-SGI/TNU-1 at 13–14Google Scholar
Williamson, O., ‘The Firm as a Nexus of Treaties: an Introduction’, in Aoki, M., Gustafsson, B. and Williamson, O. (eds.), The Firm as a Nexus of Treaties (London: SAGE, 1990) at 12Google Scholar
Franks, J. and Mayer, C., ‘European Capital Markets and Corporate Control’, in Bishop, M. and Kay, J. (eds.), European Mergers and Merger Policy (Oxford University Press, 1993) at 188Google Scholar
Epstein, R., ‘In Defense of the Contract at Will’ (1984) 51 University of Chicago Law Review947 at 967–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreps, D., ‘Corporate Culture and Economic Theory’, in Buckley, P. and Michie, J. (eds.), Firms, Organizations and Contracts: a Reader in Industrial Organization (Oxford University Press, 1996) at 257Google Scholar
Langevoort, D., ‘Opening the Black Box of “Corporate Culture” in Law and Economics’ (2006) 162 Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, A. and Summers, L., ‘Breach of Trust in Hostile Takeovers’, in Auerbach, A. (ed.), Corporate Takeovers: Causes and Consequences (Chicago: National Bureau of Economic Research, University of Chicago Press, 1988)Google Scholar
Alchian, A. and Demsetz, H., ‘Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization’ (1972) 62 American Economic Review777 at 790Google Scholar
Blair, M., ‘Locking in Capital: What Corporate Law Achieved for Business Organizers in the Nineteenth Century’ (2003) 51 UCLA Law Review387Google Scholar
Blair, M., ‘Corporate Law and the Accumulation of Organizational Assets: Lessons from the Nineteenth Century’ (2003) Georgetown University Law Center Working Paper Series in Business, Economics and Regulatory Policy at 50Google Scholar
Johnston, A., ‘After the OFR: Can UK Shareholder Value Still Be Enlightened?’ (2006) 7 European Business Organization Law Review817CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, L. E., Corporate Irresponsibility: America's Newest Export (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001) at 99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millon, D., ‘Communitarianism in Corporate Law: Foundations and Law Reform Strategies’, in Mitchell, L. E. (ed.), Progressive Corporate Law (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995) at 11–16Google Scholar
Jensen, M. and Mecking, W. H., ‘Rights and Production Functions: an Application to Labor-Managed Firms and Co-determination’ (1979) 52 Journal of Business469 at 473CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadowski, D., Junkes, J. and Lindenthal, S., ‘Labour Co-determination and Corporate Governance in Germany: the Economic Impact of Marginal and Symbolic Rights’ (1999) 60 Quint-Essenzen at 9Google Scholar
Sadowski, D., Junkes, J. and Lindenthal, S., ‘The German Model of Corporate and Labor Governance’ (2000) 22 Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal33 at 44Google Scholar
Baums, T. and Frick, B., ‘The Market Value of the Co-determined Firm’, in Blair, M. and Roe, M. J. (eds.), Employees and Corporate Governance (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999) at 207–8Google Scholar
Levine, D. and Tyson, L. D'Andrea, ‘Participation, Productivity and the Firm's Environment’, in Blinder, A. (ed.), Paying for Productivity (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990)Google Scholar
Litan, R. and Wallison, P., The Gaap Gap: Corporate Disclosure in the Age of the Internet (Washington, DC: Brookings Press 2000) at 28Google Scholar
Blair, M. and Wallman, S., Unseen Wealth: Report of the Brookings Task Force on Intangibles (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2001) at 36Google Scholar
Institutional Investment in the UK: a Review (London: HM Treasury, 2001) at 88–9
Hansmann, H., The Ownership of Enterprise (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap, 1996) at 112Google Scholar
Thelen, K., Union of Parts (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991) at 71–4Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, M., ‘Employees and Corporate Governance’, in Cornelius, P. and Kogut, B. (eds.), Corporate Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003) at 109–13Google Scholar
Pistor, K., ‘Co-determination: a Sociopolitical Model with Governance Externalities’, in Blair, M. and Roe, M. J. (eds.), Employees and Corporate Governance (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999) at 177–9Google Scholar
Aoki, M., Toward a Comparative Institutional Analysis (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001) at 290Google Scholar
Kulms, R., ‘Employee Representation on Supervisory Boards – a German Perspective’ (2007) 44 Pravo i Prevreda3Google Scholar
Streeck, W., ‘Educating Capitalists: a Rejoinder to Wright and Tsakolotos’ (2004) 2 Socio-Economic Review425CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×