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6 - Subcritical Crack Growth: Creep-Controlled Crack Growth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Robert P. Wei
Robert P. Wei
Affiliation:
Lehigh University, Bethlehem
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Summary

Overview

In the foregoing chapters (2 through 5), the essential framework for linear elastic fracture mechanics is introduced. Within this framework, the presence (or pre-existence) of a crack, or crack-like damage is assumed, and the driving force for its growth is given by an appropriate stress intensity factor (KI), or strain energy release rate (GI), that reflects the size, shape, and location of the damage relative to the loading. These chapters address, however, only the first of the “customer's questions” raised in Chapter 1; namely, “How much load will it carry?” They serve only as a basis for the design and management of engineered systems to guard against catastrophic failure.

Customer's Questions

  • How much load will it carry, with or without cracks? (structural integrity and safety)

  • How long will it last, with and without cracks? (durability)

  • Are you sure? (reliability)

  • How sure? (confidence level)

At loadings that are below that required for fracture, the next question is whether the damage can grow through time-dependent (subcritical crack growth) processes that lead to the progressive loss of design strength and reliability, and increase the chances for failure. The modes of subcritical crack growth in inert and deleterious environments are shown in Table 6.1. Subcritical crack growth under statically applied loads in deleterious environments (stress corrosion cracking), and fatigue crack growth under cyclically applied loads (in benign and deleterious environments), or fatigue and corrosion fatigue, were and are readily accepted.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fracture Mechanics
Integration of Mechanics, Materials Science and Chemistry
 , pp. 86 - 102
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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References

Li, C. Y., Talda, P. M. and Wei, R. P., unpublished research. Applied Research Laboratory, U.S. Steel Corp., Monroeville, PA (1966).Google Scholar
Landes, J. D., and Wei, R. P., “Kinetics of Subcritical Crack Growth and Deformation in a High Strength Steel,” J. Eng'g. Materials and Technology, Trans. ASME, Ser. H, 95 (1973), 2–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, H., Gao, M., and Wei, R. P., “Deformation and Subcritical Crack Growth under Static Loading,” J. Matls. Sci. & Engr., A119 (1989), 51–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krafft, J. M., “Crack Toughness and Strain Hardening of Steels,” Applied Materials Research, 3 (1964), 88–101.Google Scholar
Krafft, J. M., and Mulherin, J. H., “Mechanical Behavior of Materials,” Vol. 2, Proc. ICM3, Cambridge, U.K., Pergamon, Oxford (1979), 383–396.Google Scholar
Hart, E. W., “A Phenomenological Theory for Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Metals,” Acta Metall., 18 (1970), 599–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, E. W., “Constitutive Relations for the Nonelastic Deformation of Metals,” J. Eng. Mater. Technol., Trans. ASME, Ser. H., 98 (1976), 193–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkle, J., Wei, R. P., and Pellissier, G. E., “Analysis of Plane-Strain Fracture in a Series of 0.45C-Ni-Cr−Mo Steels with Different Sulfur Contents,” Trans. ASM, 59, 4 (1966), 981.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J., “Singular Behaviour at the End of a Tensile Crack in Hardening Material,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 16 (1968), 337–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, J. R., and Rosengren, G. F., “Plane Strain Deformation Near a Crack Tip in a Power Law Hardening Material,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 16 (1968), 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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