This appendix lists countries specificities, when applicable, broken down by periods according to electoral formulas. Data errors in original sources have not been listed here but are available by pressing the “help” buttons on the CD-ROM EWE-1815. Unless otherwise stated, data errors are considered missing cases when it was not possible to refer to estimates.

Belgium

1. 1848–98. For the 1847–92 period, only the first ballot is considered. Partial elections were carried out every two years with two alternating groups of arrondissements: 19 and 22 districts from 1847 until 1898 and then two groups of 15 districts from 1900 until 1914 (the last partial election). In 1870 two elections were held, a partial and a general election. Only general elections have been considered for the computation of indices (see Chapter 6 for partial elections and second ballots). Because of multiple voting (1847–98), 1:1 estimates have been used for the computation of indices.

2. 1900–95. Between the 1960s and 1980s, the major Belgian parties split according to the linguistic cleavage (see Appendix 1). Results are presented for each of the two linguistic parties. Only since 1991, however, have official publications distinguished between the two wings of the socialist, liberal, Catholic, and green parties. Before this date, results for the two wings have been disaggregated according to the arrondissements in which each wing is present. In Brussels both wings are present, and before 1991 it is not possible to separate the results of the two wings. The aggregated results for the two wings of each of the four parties in Brussels have been added to the column of the Walloon party.