Replication, the application of the same methods to new data, is a practice that applies to orthodox statistical analysis and experimental research. Reliability of inference is a broader concept that encompasses replication and reproducibility, but is a broadly shared goal of all scientific inquiry, both quantitative and qualitative. This chapter presents a Bayesian framework for same-data scrutiny in quantitative research. This approach provides clear framework for scrutinizing arguments and evidence and contributes to knowledge accumulation.