One of the most substantial contributions of affection exchange theory was its suggestion that affectionate communication is associated with wellness. Prior to the publication of the author’s book Communicating Affection in 2006, virtually no research had explored how affectionate behavior, either at individual or relational levels, corresponds to well-being. Since that time, however, a formidable literature attests to the strong links between affectionate communication and multiple indices of mental health. These include, among others, anxiety, depression, happiness, loneliness, social engagement, chronic stress, alexithymia (the inability to identify and describe emotion), and the probability of having been diagnosed with a treatable anxiety disorder or a mood disorder. This chapter will provide a comprehensive treatment of the research on these associations.