Five years after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of Sudan was signed in Nairobi in January 2005, several research-based assessments of the process of implementing the agreement and the prospects for lasting peace in Sudan are now available. This book compiles scholarly analyses of the implementation of the power sharing agreement of the CPA, of the ongoing conflicts with particular respect to land issues, of the challenges of the reintegration of internally displaced people and refugees, and of the repercussions of the CPA in other regions of Sudan as well as in neighbouring countries. Most of this research was conducted in the framework of a cooperative research project on ‘Governance and Social Action in Sudan after the Peace Agreement of January 9, 2005: local, national and regional dimensions’, which is part of the research programme ‘Knowledge for Tomorrow: Political, Social and Economic Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa’ sponsored by the German Volkswagen Foundation. The project participants are senior and junior scholars and researchers from the University of Khartoum, University of Juba, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, the University of Addis Ababa, the University of Nairobi, and the University of Bremen. The papers assembled in this book were first presented during a workshop on ‘After the CPA: Signs of Change?’ with international participants at the Institute of World Economics and International Management of the University of Bremen in November 2006. They were submitted and updated in 2009.