Suggested ReadingsThe American Congress: Modern TrendsBurrell, Barbara C.A Woman's Place Is in the House. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994
Carroll, Susan J.The Impact of Women in Public Office. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001
Cooper, Joseph, ed. Congress and the Decline of Public Trust: Why Can't the Government Do What's Right. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999
Gertzog, Irwin N.Women and Power on Capitol Hill: Reconstructing the Congressional Women's Caucus. Boulder: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2004
Hibbing, John R., and Theiss-Morse, Elizabeth. Congress as Public Enemy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995
Hibbing, John R.Congressional Careers: Contours of Life in the U.S. House of Representatives. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991
Loomis, Burdett A.The New American Politician: Ambition, Entrepreneurship, and the Changing Face of Political Life. New York: Basic Books, 1988
Mayhew, David R.America's Congress: Actions in the Public Sphere – James Madison through Newt Gingrich. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000
Mikulski, Barbaraet al. Nine and Counting: The Women of the Senate.New York: William Morrow and Company, 2000
Ornstein, Norman J., Mann, Thomas E., and Malbin, Michael. Vital Statistics on Congress, 2001–2002. Washington: AEI Press, 2002
Rosenthal, Cindy S., ed. Women Transforming Congress. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002
Schaffner, Brian F., Schiller, Wendy J., and Sellers, Patrick J.. “Tactical and Contextual Determinants of U.S. Senators' Approval Ratings.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 2 (2003): 203–223
Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A., and Corbetta, Renatto. “Gender Turnover and Roll-Call Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, no. 2 (2004): 215–229
Shepsle, Kenneth. “The Changing Textbook Congress,” In Can the Government Govern?, edited by Chubb, John E. and Peterson, Paul E.. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1989
Sinclair, Barbara. The Transformation of the U.S. Senate. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989
Swain, Carol. Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993
Swers, Michele L.The Difference Women Make: The Policy Impact of Women in Congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002
The Year of the Woman: Myths and Reality, edited by Cook, Elizabeth Adell, Thomas, Sue, and Wilcox, Clyde. Boulder: Westview, 1994
Thomas, Sue. How Women Legislate. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994
Tolchin, Susan, and Tolchin, Martin. Glass Houses: Congressional Ethics and the Politics of Venom. Boulder: Westview Press, 2003
Whitby, Kenny J.The Color of Representation: Congressional Behavior and Black Interests. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998
Representation and Lawmaking in CongressAnderson, Thorton. Creating the Constitution: The Convention of 1787 and the First Congress. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993
Barclay, John M.Constitution of the United States of America with the Amendments thereto: To Which are Added Jefferson's Manual of Parliamentary Practice, The Standing Rules and Orders for Conducting Business in The House of Representatives and Senate of the United States and Barclay's Digest of the Rules of Proceeding in the House of Representatives of the United States. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1860, 1863, 1867, 1868, 1872
Bates, Ernest S.The Story of Congress: 1789–1935. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1936
Bessette, Joseph M.The Mild Voice of Reason: Deliberative Democracy and American National Government. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994
Binder, Sarah. “Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock, 1947–96.” American Political Science Review 93 (1999): 519–534
Byrd, Robert C.The Senate, 1789–1989. Vol. 4. Historical Statistics, 1789–1992. 100th Congress, 1st session. S. Doc. 100–20. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1993
Cooper, Joseph. Congress and its Committees: A Historical Approach to the Role of Committees in the Legislative Process. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1988
Cooper, Joseph. The Origins of the Standing Committees and the Development of the Modern House. Houston: William Marsh Rice University, 1970
Currie, David P.The Constitution Congress: The Federalist Period, 1789–1801. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997
Davidson, Roger, and Oleszek, Walter. Congress Against Itself. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977
Fenno, Richard Jr.The United States Senate: A Bicameral Perspective. Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 1982
Grant, J. Tobin, and Rudolph, Thomas J.. “The Job of Representation in Congress: Public Expectations and Representative Approval.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, no. 3 (2004): 431–445
Haynes, George H.The Election of Senators. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1906
Haynes, George H.The Senate of the United States: Its History and Practice. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1938
Jefferson, Thomas. A Manual of Parliamentary Practice for the Use of the Senate of the United States. First Edition 1801 With Annotations by the Author. Washington: Samuel Harrison Smith, 1801. Reprint, Washington: Government Printing Office (page references are to the reprint edition), 1993
Jillson, Calvin, and Wilson, Rick. Congressional Dynamics: Structure, Coordination, and Choice in the First American Congress, 1774–1789. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994
Morgan, Donald. Congress and the Constitution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966
Rakove, Jack N.Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution. New York: Vintage, 1997
Riker, William H. “The Senate and American Federalism.” American Political Science Review 49, no. 2 (1955): 452–469
Rothman, David J.Politics and Power: The United States Senate, 1869–1901. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966
Schickler, Eric. Disjointed Pluralism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001
Schiller, Wendy. Partners and Rivals: Representation in U.S. Senate Delegations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000
Swift, Elaine K.The Making of an American Senate: Reconstitutive Change in Congress, 1787–1841. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996
Wilson, Woodrow. Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1885 [1985]
Young, James S.The Washington Community, 1800–1828. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966
U.S. Senate History Website. http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/g_three_sections_with_teasers/origins.htm
Congressional Elections and Policy AlignmentsAbramowitz, Alan I., and Segal, Jeffrey. Senate Elections. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992
Baretto, Matt A., Segura, Gary M., and Woods, Nathan D.. “The Mobilizing Effect of Majority-Minority Districts on Latino Turnout.” American Political Science Review 98, no. 1 (2004): 65–76
Biersack, Robert, Green, John, Herrnson, Paul, Powell, Lynda, and Wilcox, Clyde. The Financiers of Congressional Elections: Investors, Ideologues, and Intimates. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003
Brady, David W.Critical Elections and Congressional Policy Making. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988
Burden, Barry, and ball, David Kim. Why Americans Split Their Tickets: Campaigns, Competition, and Divided Government. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2002
Campbell, James E.The Presidential Pulse of Congressional Elections. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1993
Canon, David T.Race, Redistricting, and Representation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991
Canon, David. Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999
Citrin, J., Schickler, Eric, and Sides, John. “What if Everyone Voted? Simulating the Impact of Increased Turnout in Senate Elections.” American Journal of Political Science 47, no. 1 (2003): 75–90
Corrado, Anthony, Mann, Thomas E., and Potter, Trevor, eds. Inside the Campaign Finance Battle: Court Testimony on the New Reforms. Washington: The Brookings Institution Press, 2003
Currinder, Marian L. “Leadership PAC Contributions Strategies and House Member Ambitions.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 4 (2003): 551–577
Dion, Douglas. Turning the Legislative Thumbscrew. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997
Dwyer, Diane, and Farrar-Meyers, Victoria. Legislative Labyrinth: Congress and Campaign Finance Reform. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2000
Fenno, Richard Jr.Congress at the Grassroots: Representational Change in the South, 1970–1998. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000
Fenno, Richard Jr.Senators on the Campaign Trail: The Politics of Representation. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996
Fiorina, Morris P.Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment, 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989
Fowler, Linda, and McClure, Robert. Political Ambition: Who Decides to Run for Congress. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989
Glazer, Amihai, and Grofman, Bernard. “Two Plus Two Plus Two Equals Six: Tenure of Office of Senators and Representatives, 1953–1983.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 12, no. 4 (1987): 555–63
Gronke, Paul. The Electorate, the Campaign, and the Office: A Unified Approach to Senate and House Elections. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000
Gross, Christian, and Yoshinaka, Antoine. “The Electoral Consequences of Party Switching by Incumbent Members of Congress, 1947–2000.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 1 (2003): 55–76
Herrnson, Paul S.Congressional Elections: Campaigning at Home and in Washington, 3rd ed. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2000
Jacobson, G. and Kernell, S.. Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983
Jacobson, Gary C.The Politics of Congressional Elections, 5th ed. New York: Longman, 1994
Jacobson, Gary, Kernell, Samuel, and Lazarus, Jeffrey. “Assessing the President's Role as Party Agent in Congressional Elections: The Case of Bill Clinton in 2000.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, no. 2 (2004): 159–184
Jones, David R., and McDermott, Monika L.. “The Responsible Party Government Model in House and Senate Elections.” American Journal of Political Science 48, no. 1 (2004): 1–12
Kahn, Kim F., and Kenney, Patrick J.. The Spectacle of U.S. Senate Campaigns. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999
Kazee, Thomas, ed. Who Runs for Congress? Ambition, Context, and Candidate Emergence. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1994
Lewis-Beck, Michael, and Rice, Tom. Forecasting Elections. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1992
Lipinski, Daniel L., Bianco, William T., and Work, Ryan. “What Happens When House Members ‘Run with Congress’? Consequences of Institutional Loyalty.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 3 (2003): 413–429
Maisel, L. Sandy. From Obscurity to Oblivion: Running in the Congressional Primary. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1982
Mann, Thomas E.Unsafe at Any Margin: Interpreting Congressional Elections. Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press, 1978
Nelson, Candice J., Dulio, David A., and Medvic, Stephen K.. Shades of Gray: Perspectives on Campaign Ethics. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2002
Peterson, Davidet al. “Congressional Response to Mandate Elections.” American Journal of Political Science 47, no. 3 (2003): 411–426
Stone, Walter L.Maisel, Sandy, and Maestas, Cherie. “Quality Counts: Extending the Strategic Politician Model of Incumbent Deterrence.” American Journal of Political Science 48, no. 3 (2004): 479–495
Tate, Katherine “Black Opinion on the Legitimacy of Racial Redistricting and Minority-Majority Districts.” American Political Science Review 97, no. 1 (2003): 45–56
Thurber, James. ed. The Battle for Congress: Consultants, Candidates, and Voters. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2000
West, Darrell M.Air Wars: Television Advertising in Election Campaigns 1952–1996. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1997
Wolfensberger, Donald. Congress and the People: Deliberative Democracy on Trial. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999
Websites: Federal Election Commission. http:/www.fec.gov/
Census Bureau (Districts and Apportionment). http://fastfacts.census.gov/home/cws/main.html
The Rules of the Legislative GameAdler, E. Scott. Why Congressional Reforms Fail. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2002
Bach, Stanley, and Smith, Steven S.. Managing Uncertainty in the House of Representatives: Adaptation and Innovation in Special Rules. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1988
Alexander, DeAlva S.History and Procedure of the House of Representatives. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916
Beeman, Richard R. “Unlimited Debate in the Senate: The First Phase.” Political Science Quarterly 83, no. 3 (1968): 419–34
Binder, Sarah, and Smith, Steven S.. Politics or Principle? Filibustering in the United States Senate. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1997
Binder, Sarah. “Partisanship and Procedural Choice: Institutional Change in the Early Congress, 1789–1823.” Journal of Politics 57, no. 4 (1995): 1093–1118
Binder, Sarah. Minority Rights, Majority Rule: Partisanship and the Development of Congress. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997
Burdette, Franklin L.Filibustering in the Senate. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940
Foley, Michael. The New Senate: Liberal Influence on a Conservative Institution, 1959–1972. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980
Oleszek, Walter. Congressional Procedures and the Policy Process, 5th ed. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2001
Shepsle, Kenneth, and Weingast, Barry. “When Do Rules of Procedure Matter?” Journal of Politics 46, no. 1 (1984): 206–221
Sinclair, Barbara. Unorthodox Lawmaking: New Legislative Processes in the U.S. Congress, 2nd ed. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2000
Tiefer, Charles. Congressional Practice and Procedure. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1989
Wolfensberger, Donald. Congress and the People: Deliberative Democracy on Trial. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2000
Websites:
House Rules. http://www.house.gov/rules
Senate Rules. http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_index_subjects/Rules_and_Procedure_vrd.htm
Library of Congress (Thomas). http://thomas.loc.gov/
Bill Process (brief). http://www.house.gov/house/Tying_it_all.shtml
Bill Process (long). http://thomas.loc.gov/home/holam.txt
Members, Goals, Resources, and StrategiesAbramson, Paul, Aldrich, John, and Rohde, David. “Progressive Ambition Among United States Senators: 1972–1988.” Journal of Politics 49, no. 1 (1987): 3–55
Baker, Ross K.Friend and Foe in the U.S. Senate. New York: Free Press, 1980
Bianco, William. Trust: Representatives and Constituents. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994
Cain, Bruce, Ferejohn, John, and Fiorina, Morris. The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987
Canon, David. Actors, Athletes, and Astronauts: Political Amateurs in the United States Congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990
Cook, Timothy E.Making Laws and Making News: Media Strategies in the U.S. House of Representatives. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1989
Davidson, Roger H.The Role of the Congressman. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969
Dodd, Lawrence C. “Congress and the Quest for Power,” edited by Dodd, L. C. and Oppenheimer, B.. Congress Reconsidered. New York: Praeger, 1977
Fenno, Richard Jr.Going Home: Black Representatives and Their Constituents. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003
Fenno, Richard Jr.Home Style: House Members in Their Districts. Boston: Little, Brown, 1978
Fowler, Linda, and McClure, Robert. Political Ambition: Who Decides to Run for Congress? New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989
Fox, Harrison Jr., and Hammond, Susan W.. Congressional Staffs: The Invisible Force in American Lawmaking. New York: Free Press, 1977
Lee, Frances E., and Oppenheimer, Brice I.. Sizing Up the Senate: The Unequal Consequences of Equal Representation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999
Lee, Frances E. “Bicameralism and Geographic Politics: Allocating Funds in the House and Senate.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, no. 2 (2004): 185–213
Loomis, Burdett. The New American Politician. New York: Basic Books, 1988
Matthews, Donald. U.S. Senators and their World. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960
Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, Donald E.. “Constituency Influence in Congress.” American Political Science Review 57, no. 1 (1963): 45–56
Parker, Glenn R.Homeward Bound: Explaining Changes in Congressional Behavior. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1986
Price, David E.The Congressional Experience: A View from the Hill, 2nd ed. Boulder: Westview Press, 2000
Rocca, Michael S. “Military Base Closures and the 1996 Congressional Elections.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 4 (2003): 529–550
Wawro, Gregory. Legislative Entrepreneurship in the U.S. House of Representatives. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000
Websites:
Current Representatives. http://www.house.gov/house/MemberWWW.shtml
Current Senators. http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm
Congressional Budget Office. http://www.cbo.gov/
Government Accountability Office. http://www.gao.gov/
Parties and LeadersAldrich, John, and Rohde, David. “The Transition to Republican Rule in the House: Implications for Theories of Congressional Politics.” Political Science Quarterly 112, no. 4 (1997): 541–567
Aldrich, John, Mark Berger, and David Rohde. “The Historical Variability in Conditional Party Government, 1877–1994.” In Parties, Procedure and Policy: Essays on the History of Congress, edited by Brady, D. and McCubbins, M.. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002
Aldrich, John H.Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995
Ansolabehere, Stephen, Snyder, James Jr., and Stewart, Charles III. “The Effects of Party and Preferences on Congressional Roll Call Voting.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 26, no. 4 (2001): 533–572
Bawn, Kathleen. “Congressional Party Leadership: Utilitarian versus Majoritarian Incentives.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 23, no. 2 (1998): 219–243
Brady, David, Epstein, David, and McCubbins, Mathew, eds. Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002
Burden, Barry C., and Frisby, Tammy N.. “Preferences, Partisanship, and Whip Activity in the U.S. House of Representatives.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, no. 4 (2004): 569–590
Caro, Robert A.The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002
Connelly, William Jr., and Pitney, John. Congress' Permanent Minority? Republicans in the U.S. House. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 1994
Cox, Gary, and McCubbins, Mathew. Legislative Leviathan Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming
Cox, Gary, and McCubbins, Mathew. Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993
Forgette, Richard. “Party Caucuses and Coordination: Assessing Caucus Activity and Party Effects.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, no. 3 (2004): 407–430
Frohman, Lewis Jr., and Ripley, Randall. “Conditions for Party Leadership: The Case of the House Democrats.” American Political Science Review 59, no. 1 (1965): 52–63
Gamm, Gerald, and Steven S. Smith. “The Dynamics of Party Government in Congress.” In Congress Reconsidered, 7th ed., edited by Dodd, Lawrence C. and Oppenheimer, Bruce I.. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2001
Gamm, Gerald, and Steven S. Smith. “The Emergence of Senate Party Leadership,” in Senate Exceptionalism, edited by Oppenheimer, Bruce I.. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2002
Hasbrouck, Paul D.Party Government in the House of Representatives. New York: Macmillan, 1927
Hess, Stephen. The Ultimate Insiders. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1986
Jacobson, Gary C. “Party Polarization in National Politics: The Electoral Connection,” in Polarized Politics: Congress and the President in a Partisan Era, edited by Bond, J. and Fleischer, R.. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2000
Jenkins, Jeffrey, and Stewart, Charles III. “Out in the Open: The Emergence of Viva Voce Voting in House Speakership Elections.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 4 (2003): 481–508
Jones, Charles O.The Minority Party in Congress. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970
Kolodny, Robin. Pursuing Majorities: Congress Campaign Committees in American Politics. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998
Maltzman, Forrest. Competing Principals: Committees, Parties, and the Organization of Congress. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997
Manley, John F.The Politics of Finance. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970
Nokken, Timothy, and Poole, Keith. “Congressional Party Defection in American History.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, no. 4 (2004): 545–568
Peabody, Robert. Leadership in Congress: Stability, Succession, and Change. Boston: Little, Brown, 1976
Peters, Ronald M.The American Speakership: The Office in Historical Perspective, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997
Ripley, Randall B.Majority Party Leadership in Congress. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969
Rohde, David W.Parties and Leaders in the Postreform House. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991
Sinclair, Barbara. Legislators, Leaders, and Lawmaking: The U.S. House of Representatives in the Postreform Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995
Sinclair, Barbara. Majority Leadership in the U.S. House. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983
Smith, Steven S., and Gerald Gamm. “The Dynamics of Party Government in Congress.” In Congress Reconsidered, edited by Dodd, Lawrence C. and Oppenheimer, Bruce I.. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2001
Websites:
House Party Leaders & Organizations. http://www.house.gov/house/orgs_pub_hse_ldr_www.shtml
Senate Party Leaders & Organizations. http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/senators/a_three_sections_with_teasers/leadership.htm
The Standing CommitteesAldrich, John, and Rohde, David W.. “The Republican Revolution and the House Appropriations Committee.” Journal of Politics 62, no. 1 (2000): 1–33
Baumgartner, F., Jones, B., and MacLeod, M.. “The Evolution of Legislative Jurisdictions.” Journal of Politics 62, no. 2 (2000): 321–349
Davidson, Roger H. “Subcommittee Government: New Channels for Policy Making.” In The New Congress, eds. Mann, Thomas and Ornstein, Norman. Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press, 1981
Deering, Christopher J., and Smith, Steven S.. Committees in Congress, 3rd ed. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1997
Evans, C. Lawrence, and Olezsek, Walter. Congress under Fire: Reform Politics and the Republican Majority. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997
EvansLawrence, C.. Leadership in Committee: A Comparative Analysis of Leadership Behavior in the U.S. Senate. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991
Fenno, Richard Jr.Congressmen in Committees. Boston: Little, Brown, 1973
Fenno, Richard Jr.The Power of the Purse. Boston: Little, Brown, 1966
Goodwin, George. The Little Legislatures: Committees of Congress. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1970
Hall, Richard I.Participation in Congress. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996
Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and McCubbins, Mathew. The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991
King, David. Turf Wars: How Congressional Committees Claim Jurisdiction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997
Krehbiel, Keith. Information and Legislative Organization. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991
Longley, Lawrence, and Oleszek, Walter. Bicameral Politics: Conference Committees in Congress. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989
Mayhew, David R.Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974
McConachie, Lauros G.Congressional Committees: A Study of the Origins and Development of Our National and Local Legislative Methods. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1898
Schickler, Eric, McGhee, Eric, and Sides, John. “Remaking the House and Senate: Personal Power, Ideology, and the 1970s Reforms.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 3 (2003): 297–331
Shepsle, Kenneth. The Giant Jigsaw Puzzle. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978
Smith, Steven S.Call to Order: Floor Politics in the House and Senate. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1989
Strahan, Randall. New Ways and Means: Reform and Change in a Congressional Committee. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990
Websites:
House Committees. http://www.house.gov/house/CommitteeWWW.shtml
Senate Committees. http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/committees/d_three_sections_with_teasers/committees_home.htm
Historical Committees. http://web.mit.edu/17.251/www/data_page.html#1
The Floor and VotingAnderson, William, Box-Steffensmeier, Janet, and Sinclair-Chapman, Valerie. “The Keys to Legislative Success in the U.S. House of Representatives.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 3 (2003): 357–386
Arnold, R. Douglas. The Logic of Congressional Action. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990
Bach, Stanley, and Smith, Steven S.. Managing Uncertainty in the House of Representatives: Adaptation and Innovation in Special Rules. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1988
Binder, Sarah, and Smith, Steven S.. Politics or Principle? Filibustering in the United States Senate. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1997
Calvert, Randall, and Fenno, Richard F. Jr. “Strategy and Sophisticated Voting in the Senate.” Journal of Politics 56, no. 2 (1994): 349–376
Clausen, Aage. How Congressmen Decide. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1973
Clinton, Joshua, Jackman, Simon, and Rivers, Douglas. “The Statistical Analysis of Roll Call Data.” American Political Science Review 98, no. 2 (2004): 355–370
Loomis, Burdette, ed. Esteemed Colleagues: Civility and Deliberation in the U.S. Senate. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2001
Frantzich, Stephen, and Sullivan, John. The C-SPAN Revolution. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999
Gamm, Gerald, and Steven S. Smith. “Last Among Equals: The Presiding Officer of the Senate.” In Esteemed Colleagues: Civility and Deliberation in the United States Senate, edited by Loomis, B.. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2000
Jackson, John, and Kingdon, John. “Ideology, Interest Group Score, and Legislative Votes.” American Journal of Political Science 36, no. 3 (1992): 805–823
King, David C., and Zeckhauser, Richard L.. “Congressional Vote Options.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28, no. 3 (2003): 387–411
Kingdon, John W.Congressmen's Voting Decisions, 3rd ed. Ann Arbor: University Of Michigan Press, 1989
Krehbiel, Keith. Pivotal Politics: A Theory of U.S. Lawmaking, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998
Poole, Keith, and Rosenthal, Howard. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996
Roberts, Jason M., and Smith, Seven S.. “Procedural Contexts, Party Strategy, and Conditional Party Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives: 1971–2000.” American Journal of Political Science 47, no. 2 (2003): 305–317
Smith, Steven S.Call to Order: Floor Politics in the House and Senate. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1989
Websites:
Library of Congress (Thomas).http://thomas.loc.gov
Roll-Call Voting Data, NOMINATE Scores. http://www.voteview.com
Recent Roll-Call Voting Data, Raw Voting Files. http://web.mit.edu/17.251/www/data_page.html#3
House Committee on Rules. http://www.house.gov/rules/
Congress and the PresidentAberbach, Joel D.Keeping a Watchful Eye: The Politics of Congressional Oversight. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1990
Binder, Sarah. “The Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock, 1947–1996.” American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (1999): 519–533
Binder, Sarah. Stalemate: Causes and Consequences of Legislative Gridlock. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2003
Binkley, Wilfred. President and Congress. New York: Knopf, 1947
Bond, Jon, and Fleisher, Richard. The President and the Congress in a Partisan Era. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2000
Bond, John, and Fleisher, Richard. The President in the Legislative Arena. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990
Brady, David W., and Volden, Craig. Revolving Gridlock. Boulder: Westview, 1998
Cameron, Charles. Veto Bargaining: Presidents and the Politics of Negative Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000
Collier, Kenneth E.Between the Branches: The White House Office of Legislative Affairs. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997
Ripley, Randall, and Lindsay, James, eds. Congress Resurgent: Foreign and Defense Policy on Capitol Hill. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993
Dodd, Lawrence C., and Schott, Richard. Congress and the Administrative State, 2nd ed. Boulder: Westview, 1994
Edwards, George C.At the Margins: Presidential Leadership of Congress. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989
Epstein, David, and O'Halloran, Sharon. Delegating Powers: A Transaction Cost Politics Approach to Policy Making Under Separate Powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999
Fenno, Richard F. Jr.Divided Government. New York: Allyn and Bacon, 1995
Fiorina, Morris P.Divided Government, 2nd ed. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon, 1996
Fisher, Louis. Congressional Abdication on War and Spending. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2000
Fisher, Louis. Constitutional Conflicts Between Congress and the President, 4th ed. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1997
Fisher, Louis. The Constitution Between Friends: Congress, the President, and the Law. New York: St. Martin's, 1978
Fisher, Louis. The Politics of Shared Power: Congress and the Executive. College Station: Texas A&M Press, 1998
Foreman, Christopher J. Jr.Signals from the Hill: Congressional Oversight and the Challenge of Social Regulation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988
Gilmour, John B.Strategic Disagreement: Stalemate in American Politics. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995
Hersman, Rebecca K. C.Friends and Foes: How Congress and the President Really Make Foreign Policy. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2000
Hinckley, Barbara. Less Than Meets the Eye: Foreign Policy Making and the Myth of the Assertive Congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994
Jones, Charles O.Separate but Equal Branches: Congress and the Presidency, 2nd ed. New York: Chatham House, 1999
Kernell, Samuel. Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1986
Krehbiel, Keith. Pivotal Politics: A Theory of U.S. Lawmaking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998
Lindsay, James. Congress and the Politics of U.S. Foreign Policy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994
Light, Paul. The President's Agenda. Rev. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991
Lowenthal, Mark M.Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1999
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Websites:
White House and Executive Agencies. http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/
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Supreme Court.http://www.supremecourtus.gov
Federal Court System. http://www.uscourts.gov/
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Congress, Lobbyists, and Interest GroupsBiersack, Robert, Herrnson, Paul, and Wilcox, Clyde, eds. After the Revolution: PACs, Lobbies, and the Republican Congress. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999
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Federal Election Comission. http://www.fec.gov/
House Lobbying Disclosure. http://clerk.house.gov/pd/index.html
Senate Lobbying Disclosure. http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/legislative/g_three_sections_with_teasers/lobbyingdisc.htm
Congress and Budget PoliticsKrutz, Glen S.Hitching a Ride: Omnibus Legislating in the U.S. Congress. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2001
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Websites:
Congressional Budget Office. http://www.cbo.gov/
Office of Management and Budget. http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/
