Ababneh, M. I. Neue safaitische Inschriften und deren bildliche Dartsellungen. Semitica et Semitohamitica Berolinensia 6. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 2005.Google Scholar

Ababneh, M. I. and Harahsheh, Rafe. “Sacrifice in the Safaitic Inscriptions in the Light of New Evidence.” Acta Orientalia 68 (2015): 29–48.Google Scholar

Abarbanel, Isaac. Perush ʿal ha-torah. Jerusalem: Benei Arabel, 1964.Google Scholar

Abarbanel, Isaac. Perush ha-torah le-rabbenu Yiṣḥaq ʾAbarbanel. Ed. Shotland, Avishai. Jerusalem: Horev, 1997.Google Scholar

ʿAbbādī, Sabri. “al-Mā fi al-nuqūsh al-ʿarabīyah al-shamālīyah al-qadīmah.” Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology 6 (2012): 102–123.Google Scholar

Abbott, Nabia. “Pre-Islamic Arab Queens.” American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 58 (1941): 1–22.Google Scholar

ʿAbd al-Raḥīm, Muḥammad. Arbaʿūn ḥadīth-an fī faḍl al-shahīd wa al-shahādah. Damascus: al-Ḥikmah, 1995.Google Scholar

ʿAbd al-Razzāq, Ibn Hammām al-Ṣanʿānī. Muṣannaf fī al-ḥadīth. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2000.Google Scholar

ʿAbdallāh, Yūsuf. “Naqsh al-qaṣīdh al-ḥimyarīyah aw tarnīmat al-shams (Ṣūrah min al-adab al-dīnī fī al-Yaman al-qadīm).” Raydān 5 (1988): 81–100.Google Scholar

Abela, Eijub. “Beiträge zur Kenntniss abergläubischen Gebräuche in Syrien.” Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästinavereins 7, no. 27 (1884): 79–118.Google Scholar

Abouheil, M. and others. “A Standard Method for Jointing Camel Carcasses with Reference to the Effect of Slaughter Age on Carcass Characteristics in Najdi Camels. I. Wholesale Cut Weight.” Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science 3 (1990): 97–102.Google Scholar

Abouheil, M. and others. “A Standard Method for Jointing Camel Carcasses with Reference to the Effect of Slaughter Age on Carcass Characteristics in Najdi Camels. II. Variation in Lean Growth and Distribution.” Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science 3 (1990): 155–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abouheil, M. and others. “A Standard Method for Jointing Camel Carcasses with Reference to the Effect of Slaughter Age on Carcass Characteristics in Najdi Camels. 3. Partition and Distribution of Carcass Fat.” Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science 4 (1991): 219–225.Google Scholar

Abū Dāʾūd, al-Sijistānī. Sunan. Ed. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 1980.Google Scholar

Abū Ḥalīwah, Ibrāhīm. al-Ṣamalīyāt al-istishhādīyah khilāl intifāḍah al-Aqṣā (2000–2007). Beirut: Bāḥith li-l-Dirāsāt, 2007.Google Scholar

Abū Nuʿaym, Aḥmad b. ʿAbdallāh. Dalāʾil al-nubūwah. Hyderabad: Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyah, 1950.Google Scholar

Abū ʿUbaydah, Maʿmar b. al-Muthannā al-Taymī. Majāz al-Qurʾān. Ed. Sezgin, Fuat. Beirut: Muʾassassat al-Risālah, 1981.Google Scholar

Abū ʿUbaydah, Maʿmar b. al-Muthannā al-Taymī. Tasmiyat azwāj al-nabī wa awlādi-hi. Ed. al-Ḥūt, Kamāl Yūsuf. Beirut: Dār al-Janān, 1990.Google Scholar

Ackerman, S. “The Deception of Isaac, Jacob’s Dream at Bethel, and Incubation on an Animal Skin.” In Priesthood and Cult in Ancient Israel. Ed. Anderson, Gary A. and Olyan, Saul M., 92–120. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1991.Google Scholar

Adna, Gerd Marie. Muhammad and the Formation of Sacrifice, Europäische Hochschulschriften 944. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2014.Google Scholar

Aeschylus. Ed. and trans. Sommerstein, Alan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

ʻAffānī, Sayyid b. Ḥusayn. al-Riyāḍ al-naḍrah fī faḍāʼil al-ḥajj wa al-ʻumrah. Cairo: Maktabat Ibn Taymīyah, 1414.Google Scholar

Afghānī, Saʿīd. Aswāq al-ʿArab fī al-jāhilīyah wa al-Islām. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, 1960.Google Scholar

Aggoula, B. “Remarques sur les inscriptions hatréennes IV.” Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph 49 (1975/1976): 469–488.Google Scholar

Aggoula, B. “Remarques sur les inscriptions hatréennes XI.” Syria 64 (1987): 91–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ahl, Frederick. “Uilix Mac Leirtis: The Classical Hero in Irish Metamorphosis.” In The Art of Translation: Voices from the Field. Ed. Warren, Rosanna, 173–198. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Ahl, Frederick. “Troy and Memorials of War.” In Troy: From Homer’s Iliad to Hollywood Epic. Ed. Winkler, Martin, 163–185. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007.Google Scholar

Ahlström, Gösta. “The Bull Figurine from Dhahrat et-Tawileh.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 280 (1990): 77–82.Google Scholar

Ahlström, Gösta. Royal Administration and National Religion in Ancient Palestine: Studies in the History of the Ancient Near East 1. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982.Google Scholar

Ajramy, M. “Pastoral and Hunting Activity in the Safaitic Inscriptions [Nashāṭ al-rasmy wa al-ṣayd fī al-nuqūsh al-ṣafawiyyah].” Unpublished MA dissertation, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, 1992.Google Scholar

Al-Jallad, Ahmad. “New Evidence from a Safaitic Inscription for a Late Velar/uvular Realization of ṣ´ in Aramaic.” Semitica 58 (2016): 257–270.Google Scholar

Al-Jallad, Ahmad and Jawoska, Karolina, eds. A Dictionary of the Safaitic Inscriptions. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

al-Jihād wa-Filasṭīn wa-l-Islām: Ḥiwār maʿa al-Doktūr Ramaḍān ʿAbdallāh Shalaḥ. n.p., 1992.Google Scholar

Al-Qudrah, Ḥ. M. “Dirāsah muʿǧamiyyah li-ʾlfāẓ al-nuqūš al-liḥyāniyyah fī iṭār al-luġāt al-sāmiyyah al-ǧanūbiyyah.” Unpublished MA dissertation, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 1993.Google Scholar

Alanís, Guillermo de Anda. “Sacrifice and Ritual Body Mutilation in Postclassical Maya Society: Taphonomy of the Human Remains from Chichén Itza’s Cenote Sagrado.” In New Perspectives on Human Sacrifice and Ritual Body Treatments in Ancient Maya Society. Ed. Tiesler, Vera and Cucina, Andrea, 190–208. New York: Springer, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Albānī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn. Ṣaḥīḥ al-targhīb wa al-tarhīb. Riyadh: Maktabah al-Maʿāruf, 1412.Google Scholar

Albānī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn. Ṣaḥīḥ al-adab al-mufrad. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣadīq, n.d.Google Scholar

Albright, W. F. “The Babylonian Temple-Tower and the Altar of Burnt-Offering.” Journal of Biblical Literature 39 (1920): 137–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Albright, William. “The Chronology of a South Palestinian City, Tell el-ʿAjjûl.” In Tell el ʿAjjul: The Middle Bronze Age Remains. Ed. Stewart, J. R., 74–75. Göteborg: P. Aström, 1974.Google Scholar

Albright, William. Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: A Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1968; reprinted Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1994.Google Scholar

Alderink, Larry. “Walter Burkert and a Natural Theory of Religion.” Religion 30 (2000): 211–227.Google Scholar

Aleskseenko, E. A. “The Cult of the Bear among the Ket (Yenisei Ostyaks).” In Popular Beliefs and Folklore Tradition in Sibera. Ed. Diószegi, Vilmos, 175–192. Budapest: Akademie Kiado, 1968.Google Scholar

Alexander, David. “Dhu al-fakār.” PhD dissertation, New York University, 1984.Google Scholar

Alexander, Robert L. “The Storm-God at Yazlhkaya: Sources and Influences.” In Aspects of Art and Iconography: Anatolia and Its Neighbors. Studies in Honor of Nimet Özgüç. Ed. Mellink, Machteld J. and others, 1–13. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Baslmevi, 1983.Google Scholar

ʿAlī, Syed Amīr. Taʿrīkh al-ʿarab. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyīn, 1990.Google Scholar

ʿAlīq, Nāṣr Ḥasan. Falsafah al-istishdād: Allāh wa al-waṭan fī khiṭāb al-muqāwamah al-islāmīyah. Beirut: Dār al-Mawāsim, 2004.Google Scholar

Allacci, Leo. S. Nili ascetae, discipuli S. Joannis Chrysostomi, Epistolarum libri IV. Rome: Typis Barberinis 1668.Google Scholar

Allard, F. and Erdenebaatar, D.. “Khirigsuurs, Ritual and Mobility in the Bronze Age of Mongolia.” Antiquity 79 (2005): 547–563.Google Scholar

Allard, F. and others. “Ritual and Horses in Bronze Age and Present Day Mongolia: Some Preliminary Observations from Khanuy Valley.” In Social Orders and Social Landscapes. Ed. Popova, L. M. and others, 151–162. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007.Google Scholar

Allen, M. J. S. and Smith, G. R.. “Some Notes on Hunting Techniques and Practices in the Arabian Peninsula.” Arabian Studies 2 (1975): 108–147.Google Scholar

Alpass, Peter. “The Basileon of Isis and the Religious Art of Nabataean Petra.” Syria 87 (2010): 93–113.Google Scholar

Alpass, Peter. The Religious Life of Nabataea. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alsebaei, Abdullah Faisal. “Solid Waste Management and Recycling during Hajj Pilgrimage in Mina.” PhD dissertation, University of Leeds, 2014.Google Scholar

Alūsī, Maḥmūd Shukrī. Bulūgh al-ʾarab fī maʿrifah aḥwāl al-ʿArab. Ed. Atharī, Muḥammad Bahjat. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 1983.Google Scholar

Alūsī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh. Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm wa al-sabʿ al-mathānī. Ed. Najjār, Muḥammad Zuhrī. Cairo: Muʾassasat al-Ḥalabī, 1964.Google Scholar

Alzoubi, Mahdi and others. “Safaitic Inscriptions and Possible Hunting Scenes from the North-Eastern Bādiya, Jordan.” Rock Art Research 33 (2016): 219–228.Google Scholar

Ambros, A. “Gestaltung und Funktionen der Biosphäre im Koran.” Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 140 (1990): 290–325.Google Scholar

Amir-Ali, Hashim. “The ‘Month’ in the Quran.” Islamic Culture 51 (1997): 21–30.Google Scholar

Amsary, A. R. Qaryat al-Faw: A Portrait of a Pre-Islamic Civilisation in Saudi Arabia. London: Croom Helm, 1982.Google Scholar

Anati, E. Rock Art in Central Arabia I: The “Oval-Headed People of Arabia.” Louvain: Université de Louvain, 1968.Google Scholar

Anati, E. Rock Art in Central Arabia II: Fat Tailed Sheep in Arabia and The Realist-Dynamic Style of Rock Art in the Jebel Qara. Louvain: Université de Louvain, 1968.Google Scholar

Anati, E. Rock-Art in Central Arabia 3. Corpus of the Rock Engravings I and II. Expedition Philby–Ryckmans–Lippens en Arabie. Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain 4. Louvain: Institut Orientaliste, 1972.Google Scholar

Anchor Bible Dictionary. Ed. Freedman, D. N.. New York: Doubleday, 1992.Google Scholar

Andersen, F. L. “2 (Slavonic Apocalypse of) Enoch.” In The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. Ed. Charlesworth, James, 91–221. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983.Google Scholar

Anderson, B. W. “The Slaying of the Fleeing, Twisting Serpent: Isaiah 27:1 in Context.” In Uncovering Ancient Stones. Ed. Hopfe, L. M., 3–15. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1994.Google Scholar

Anderson, J. K. Ancient Greek Horsemanship. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961.Google Scholar

Anderson, William. “An Archaeology of Late Antique Pilgrim Flasks.” Anatolian Studies 54 (2004): 79–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andrae, Tor. Die Person Muhammads in Lehre und Glaube seiner Gemeinde. Stockholm: P. A. Vorstedt og Söner, 1918.Google Scholar

Anonymous. “Egypt’s Oldest Horse Found Buried in Huge Thebes Tomb.” Science News-Letter 31.285 (January 30, 1937): 68–69.Google Scholar

Anonymous. “Iraqi Leader’s Koran ‘Written in Blood.’” BBC News (September 25, 2000).Google Scholar

Anonymous. “Saudi Arabia Triples Blood Money to SR 300,000.” Emirates 24/7 News (September 11, 2011).Google Scholar

Anthony, David and Brown, D.. “The Secondary Products Revolution, Horse-Riding and Mounted Warfare.” Journal of World Prehistory 24 (2011): 131–160.Google Scholar

Anthony, David and others. “Early Horseback Riding and Warfare: The Importance of the Magpie around the Neck.” In Horses and Humans: The Evolution of the Equine-Human Relationship. Ed. Olsen, Sandra and others, 137–156. Oxford: Archeopress, 2006.Google Scholar

Anthony, David. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Antonini de Maigret, A. South Arabian Art: Art History in Pre-Islamic Yemen. Paris: De Boccard, 2012.Google Scholar

Anuz, Joan and others. Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade and Diplomacy in the Second Millennium B.C. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2008.Google Scholar

Applegate, Alex and others. “The North Tumuli of the Nabta Late Neolithic Ceremonial Complex.” In Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara I: The Archaeology of Nabta Playa. Ed. Wendorf, Fred and Schild, Romuald, 468–488. New York: Kluwer Academic, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aptowitzer, V. “Malkizedek: Zu den Sagen der Agada.” Monatsschrift für die Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums 70 (1926): 93–113.Google Scholar

Arabagian, Ruth. “Cattle Raiding and Bride Stealing.” Religion 14 (1984): 107–142.Google Scholar

Arabia Antiqua: Hellenistic Centres around Arabia. Ed. Invernizzi, Antonio and Salles, Jean-Francois. Rome: Istituto Italiano per Il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1993.Google Scholar

Arbach, M. and Andouin, R.. Ṣanʿāʾ National Museum: Collection of Epigraphic and Archaeological Artifacts from al-Jawf Sites. Sanʿa: UNESCO Social Fund for Development in Yemen, 2007.Google Scholar

Arbuckle, Benjamin. “The Rise of Pastoralism in the Ancient Near East.” Journal of Archaeological Research 27 (2018): 391–449.Google Scholar

Archi, A. “Fetes de printemps et automne et reintegration rituelle d’images de culte dans l’Anatolie hittite.” Ugarit-Forschungen 5 (1973): 7–27.Google Scholar

Archives Royales de Mari. Ed. Parrot, André and Dossin, Georges. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1950.Google Scholar

Argent, G. “Do Clothes Make the Horse? Relationality, Roles and Statuses in Iron Age Inner Asia.” World Archaeology 42 (2010): 175–178.Google Scholar

Aristotle. Ed. and trans. Balme, David and others. Loeb Classical Library 439. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Arrian, . Anabasis. Ed. and transBrunt, . P. A.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Asad, Talal. On Suicide Bombing. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Ashtiyani, H. M. Bilâl d’Afrique, le muezzin du Prophète. Montreal: la Cité du Savoir, 1999.Google Scholar

Astour, Michael. Hellenosemitica: An Ethnic and Cultural Study in West Semitic Impact on Mycenaean Greece. Leiden: Brill, 1967.Google Scholar

Astour, Michael. The Attic Nights: Aulus Gellius. Ed. and trans. Rolfe, John Carew. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978–1984.Google Scholar

Attridge, H. W. and Oden, R. A.. Philo of Byblos: The Phoenician History. Washington, DC: Centre de Recherches en Documentation, Bibliotheconomie et Archivistique, 1981.Google Scholar

Aubaile-Sallenave, F. “Les rituels de naissance dans le monde musulman.” In Sacrifice en Islam: Espaces et temps d’un rituel. Ed. Bonte, P. and others, 125–160. Paris: CNRS Anthropologie, 1999.Google Scholar

Avanzini, Alessandra. Glossaire des inscriptions de l’Arabie du Sud II (ʾ-h). Florence: Istituto di Linguistica e di Lingue Orientali Università di Firenze, 1980.Google Scholar

Avigad, N. Ancient Monuments in the Kidron Valley. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1954.Google Scholar

Avner, Uzi. “Ancient Cult Sites in the Negev and Sinai Deserts.” Tel Aviv 11 (1984): 115–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Avner, Uzi. “Nabataean Standing Stones and Their Interpretation.” ARAM 11 (1999–2000): 97–122.Google Scholar

ʿAynī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. Umdat al-qārī sharḥ Ṣahīh al-Bukhārī. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tawiqīyah, 2010.Google Scholar

ʻAẓīmābādī, Muḥammad Shams al-Ḥaqq. ʿAwn al-maʿbūd sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāʾūd. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1979.Google Scholar

Azmeh, Aziz. The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allah and His People. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh. Akhbār Makkah. Ed. Malḥas, Rushdī al-Ṣāliḥ. Beirut, 1982. Ed. and trans. F. Wüstenfeld, Chroniken der Stadt Mecca. Leipzig, 1858; reprinted Beirut: Maktabat Khayyat, 1964.Google Scholar

ʿAzzām, ʿAbdallāh. al-ʿAqīdah wa āthāru-hā fī bināʾ al-jīl. Cairo: Dār al-Iʿtiṣām, n.d.Google Scholar

ʿAzzām, ʿAbdallāh. Ayāt al-raḥmān fī jihād al-afghān. Jeddah: Dār al-Mujtamaʿ li-l-Nashr wa al-Tawziʿ, 1986.Google Scholar

ʿAzzām, ʿAbdallāh. ʿIbar wa baṣāʾir lil-jihād fī al-ʿaṣr al-ḥādir. Amman: Maktabah al-Risālah al-Ḥadīthah, 1987.Google Scholar

Azzaroli, A. An Early History of Horsemanship. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1985.Google Scholar

Baghāwī, al-Ḥusayn b. Masʿūd. Maṣābīḥ al-sunnah. Cairo: Būlāq, 1877.Google Scholar

Baghdādī, ʿAbd al-Qādir b. ʿUmar. Khizānah al-adab wa lubb lubāb lisān al-ʿArab. Ed. Huber, Anton and others. Cairo: Būlāq, 1882.Google Scholar

Bagnall, Roger. “The Camel, the Wagon, and the Donkey in Later Roman Egypt.” Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 22 (1985): 1–6.Google Scholar

Bahrani, Zainab. Rituals of War: The Body and Violence in Mesopotamia. New York: Zone Books, 2008.Google Scholar

Bāhūtī, Manṣūr b. Yūsuf. Kashshāf al-qināʿ ʿan matn al-iqnāʿ. Ed. Hilāl, Hillāl Muṣayliḥī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1982.Google Scholar

Baker, J. L. “The Funeral Kit: A Newly Defined Canaanite Mortuary Practice Based on the Middle and Late Bronze Age Tomb Complex at Ashkelon.” Levant 38 (2006): 1–31.Google Scholar

Bakri, Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbdallāh. Kitāb al-masālik wa al-mamālik. Tunis: al-Dār al-ʿArabīya li-l-Kitāb, 1979.Google Scholar

Bakri, Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbdallāh. Kitāb muʿjam mā istaʿjam. Published as Das Geographische Wörterbuch des Abu ʿObeid ʿAbdallāh. Ed. Wüstenfeld, F.. Gottingen: Deuerlich’sche Buchhandlund, 1876–1877.Google Scholar

Balādhūrī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyia. Kitāb al-futūḥ. Trans. Hitti, Philip. The Origins of the Islamic State. New York: Columbia University Press, 1916–1924.Google Scholar

Bālī, Wahid ʿAbd as-Salām. al-Ṣārim al-battār fī taṣaddī li al-saḥara al-ashrār. Jeddah, 1992; reprinted Beirut: al-Kitāb al-Aʿlāmī li-Nashr, 2006.Google Scholar

Bank, Charlotte and Yule, Paul. “Al-Fueda near Amla, Sultanate of Oman.” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 31 (2001): 15–22.Google Scholar

Bar Bahlūl, Ḥasan. Lexicon Syriacum. Ed. Duval, Rubens. Paris: E. Reipublicae Typographaeo, 1845; reprinted Paris: Leroux, 1901.Google Scholar

Bar-Oz, Guy and others. “Symbolic Metal Bit and Saddlebag Fastenings in a Middle Bronze Age Donkey Burial.” PLOS One 8 (2013): e58648. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058648.Google Scholar

Bar-Yosef, Ofer and others. “The Orientation of Nawamis Entrances in Southern Sinai: Expressions of Religious Belief and Seasonality?” Tel Aviv 10 (1983): 52–60.Google Scholar

Barnes, J. A. Models and Interpretations: Selected Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Barnett, R. D. “From Ivriz to Constantinople: A Study in Bird-Headed Swords.” In Beiträge zur Altertumskunde Kleinasiens. Festschrift Kurt Bittel. Ed. Boehmer, Rainer and Hauptmann, Harald, 59–74. Berlin: Verlag Phillip von Zaber in Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1983.Google Scholar

Barnstone, Willis and Meyer, Marvin. The Gnostic Bible. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 2009.Google Scholar

Baron, Christopher. Timaeus of Tauromenium and Hellenistic Historiography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Bartlett, J. R. Edom and the Edomites. Sheffield: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement, 1989.Google Scholar

Barton, George. “The Semitic Ishtar Cult.” Hebraica 9 (1892): 131–165.Google Scholar

Barton, George. “The Semitic Ishtar Cult (Continued).” Hebraica 10 (1893): 1–74.Google Scholar

Bartosiewicz, L. “Cattle Offering from the Temple of Montuhoteph, Sankhkara (Thebes, Egypt).” In Archaeozoology of the Near East IV/B. Ed. Mashkour, M. and others, 164–176. Groningen: Centre for Archaeological Research and Consultancy, 2000.Google Scholar

Bartosiewicz, L. “Horse: Food or Symbol or Companion.” In Il Cavallo: La sua domesticazione. La sua diffusione e il ruolo nelle comunit del passato. Atti dei XIII congresso, Forli – Italia, 1996, 8–14 settembre. Ed. Tagliacozzo, A. and others, 93–100. Milan: n.p., 1998.Google Scholar

Bashear, Sulayman. Studies in Early Islamic Tradition. Collected Studies in Arabic and Islam 2. Jerusalem: Max Schloessinger Memorial Foundation, 2004.Google Scholar

Basset, R. “Notes sur les Mille et une nuits.” Revue des Traditions Populaires [= Revue d’ethnographie et des traditions populaires] 3 (1897): 146–152.Google Scholar

Bastien, Joseph. “Qollahuaya-Andean Body Concepts: A Topographical Hydraulic Model of Physiology.” American Anthropologist 87 (1985): 595–611.Google Scholar

Basyawī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. Jāmiʿ Abī al-Ḥasan al-Basyawī. Muscat: Wizārat al-Turāth al-Qawmī wa al-Thaqāfah, 1404/1984.Google Scholar

Bataille, George. Theorie de la religion. Paris: Gallimard, 1973. Trans. Robert Hurley. Theory of Religion. New York: Zone Books, 1989.Google Scholar

Batanūnī, Muḥammad Labīb. al-Riḥlah al-ḥijāzīyah: li-walī al-niʿam al-ḥajj ʿAbbas Ḥilmī Bāshā al-thānī khidīw Miṣr. Cairo: Maṭbaʿah al-Jamālīyah, 1911.Google Scholar

Baudy, G. “Hierarchie oder: Die Verteilung des Fleisches.” In Neue Ansätze in der Religionswissenschaft. Ed. Gladigow, R. and Kippenberg, H. G., 131–174. Munich: Kösel, 1983.Google Scholar

Bauer, G. M. and Lundin, A. G.. Epigrafischeskie pamjatniki drevnego Jemena. St. Petersburg: Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie, 1998.Google Scholar

Baumgartner, Walter. “Herodots babylonische und assyrische Nachrichten.” Archiv Orientalni 18 (1950): 69–106.Google Scholar

Baur, P. V. C. and others, eds. The Excavations at Dura-Europos: Preliminary Report of the fourth Season of Work, October 1930–March 1931. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1933.Google Scholar

Bauschke, Martin. Der Spiegel des Propheten: Abraham im Koran und im Islam. Frankfurt: Lembeck, 2008.Google Scholar

Bayet, Jean. Les origines de l’Hercule romain. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1926.Google Scholar

Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn. Dalāʾil al-nubūwah wa maʿrifah aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharʿīah. Ed. Qalʿajī, ʿAbd al-Mūṭī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 1985.Google Scholar

Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn. Shuʿab al-īmān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2008.Google Scholar

Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn. Sunan al-Bayhaqī al-kubrā. Riyadh: Markaz al-Turāth li-l-Barmajīyāt, 2013.Google Scholar

Bayliss, Miranda. “The Cult of Dead in Assyria and Babylonia.” Iraq 35 (1973): 115–125.Google Scholar

Bazdar, M. S. and others. “Excavations at Thaj.” Atlal 8 (1984): 55–85.Google Scholar

Bazzār, Aḥmad b. ʿAmr. al-Baḥr al-zakhar al-maʿrūf bi-musnad al-Bazzār. Ed. Allāh, Maḥfūz al-Raḥmān Zayn and others. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2009.Google Scholar

Beal, R. H. “Hittite Military Rituals.” In Ancient Magic and Ritual Power. Ed. Meyer, Marvin and Mirecki, Paul, 63–76. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995.Google Scholar

Becker, C. “Nothing to Do with Indigenous Domestication? Cattle from Late PPNB Basta.” In Archaeozoology of the Near East V, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Archaeozoology of Southwestern Asia and Adjacent Areas. Ed. Buitenhuis, H. and others, 112–137. Groningen: Center for Archeological Research and Consultancy, 2002.Google Scholar

Bedgan, Paul and Wensinck, A. J.. Mystic Treatises by Isaac of Nineveh. Wiesbaden: M. Sändig oHG, 1969.Google Scholar

Bediako, Gillian. Primal Religion and the Bible: William Robertson Smith and His Heritage. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series 246. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Bedjan, Paul. Sancti Isaaci Syri Antiocheni homiliae syriacae. Paris: Otto Harrassowitz, 1903.Google Scholar

Bednarik, R. G. and Khan, M.. “Scientific Studies of Saudi Arabian Rock Art.” Rock Art Research 22 (2005): 49–81.Google Scholar

Beech, Mark and others. “Prehistoric Camels in South-Eastern Arabia: The Discovery of a New Site in Abu Dhabi’s Western Region, United Arab Emirates.” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 39 (2009): 17–30.Google Scholar

Beeston, A. F. L. East and West in Sabaean Inscriptions. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1948.Google Scholar

Beeston, A. F. L. “The Ritual Hunt: A Study in Old South Arabian Religious Practice.” Le Muséon 61 (1948): 183–196.Google Scholar

Beeston, A. F. L. “A Safaitic Hunting Scene.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 16 (1954): 592.Google Scholar

Beeston, A. F. L. “The Sayhadic Hunt at Siʿb al-ʿAql.” In Études sud-arabes: Recueil offert à Jacques Ryckmans. Ed. Ryckmans, J., 49–57. Louvain: Peeters, 1991.Google Scholar

Beeston, A. F. L. “The ‘Taʾlab Lord of Pastures’ Texts.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 17 (1955): 154–156.Google Scholar

Beeston, A. F. L. and others. Sabaic Dictionary. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1982.Google Scholar

Beidelman, T. O. W. Robertson Smith and the Sociological Study of Religion. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1974.Google Scholar

Beit-Arieh, Itzhak and Cresson, B., “An Edomite Ostracon from Ḥorvat ‘Uza.” Tel Aviv 12 (1985): 96–101.Google Scholar

Beit-Arieh, Itzhak. “The Edomite Shrine at Ḥorvat Qiṭmit in the Judean Negev: Preliminary Excavation Report.” Tel Aviv 18 (1991): 93–116.Google Scholar

Beith-Arieh, Itzhak. “Ḥorvat Qiṭmīt.” Israel Exploration Journal 35 (1985): 201-202.Google Scholar

Beit-Arieh, Itzhak, ed. Ḥorvat Qiṭmīt: An Edomite Shrine in the Biblical Negev. Tel Aviv University Institute of Archaeology Monograph 11. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, 1995.Google Scholar

Belayche, Nicole. “Religion et consommation de la viande dans le monde romain: des réalités voilées.” Food and History 5 (2007): 29–43.Google Scholar

Bell, Richard. “Muhammad’s Pilgrimage Proclamation.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 69 (1937): 233–244.Google Scholar

Bell, Richard. “The Origin of the Id al-Adha.” Muslim World 23 (1933): 117–120.Google Scholar

Benko, S. “The Libertine Gnostic Sect of the Phibionites According to Epiphanius.” Vigiliae Christianae 21 (1967): 103–119.Google Scholar

Benn, James. “Where Text Meets Flesh: Burning the Body as an Apocryphal Practice in Chinese Buddhism.” History of Religions 37 (1998): 295–322.Google Scholar

Bennett, Emmett. The Pylos Tablets: Texts of the Inscriptions Found 1939–1954. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955.Google Scholar

Bent, J. T. “The Bahrain Islands in the Persian Gulf.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 12 (1890): 1–19.Google Scholar

Benton, Jodie. “Excavations at Jebel Al Emalah.” Tribulus 4 (1994): 12–13.Google Scholar

Benveniste, Emile. “Traditions indo-iraniennes sur les classes sociales.” Journal asiatique 230 (1938): 534–535.Google Scholar

Berg, Charles. The Unconscious Significance of Hair. London: Allen and Unwin, 1951.Google Scholar

Berger, Albrecht. Life and Works of Saint Gregentios, Archbishop of Taphar: Introduction, Critical Edition and Translation. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2006.Google Scholar

Berzovan, Alexandru and others. “The Dacian Ritual Pits from Unip – ‘Dealu Cetatuic.’” Mousaios 19 (2014): 11–32.Google Scholar

Betts, A. V. G. and Helms, S.. “Rock Art in Eastern Jordan: ‘Kite’ Carvings?” Paléorient 12 (1986): 67–72.Google Scholar

Bevan, E. Representations of Animals in Sanctuaries of Artemis and Other Olympian Deities. Oxford: Archaeopress, 1986.Google Scholar

Beyer, Clare. “Messengers of Death: Female Suicide Bombers.” ICT Report (February 12, 2003).Google Scholar

Bezold, Carl. Die Schatzhöhle aus dem syrischen Texte dreier unedirten Handscfiften in’s deutsche übersetzt und mit anmerkungen versehen. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrisch’sche Buchhandlung, 1853.Google Scholar

Bibby, T. G. “Five among Bahrain’s Hundred Thousand Grave-Mounds.” Kuml (1954): 116–141.Google Scholar

Bickell, G. Sancti Isaaci Antiocheni, doctoris Syrorum, opera Omnia. Giessen: J. Ricker, 1873–1877.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. Avaris the Capital of the Hyksos: Recent Excavations at Tell el-Dabʿa. London: British Museum Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. “Zur Herkunft des Seth von Avaris.” Ägypten und Levante 1 (1990): 9–16.Google Scholar

Biles, Jeremy and Brintnall, Kent. Negative Ecstasies: Georges Bataille and the Study of Religion. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015.Google Scholar

Bin Laden, Osama. “The Sheikh Osama bin Laden’s Welcome to the Holy Warriors in Iraq.” Zarwat al-sinam 1 (Muharam 1426): 4.Google Scholar

Binggeli, A. “Anastase le Sinaïte, Récits sur le Sinaï et Récits utiles à l’ame: edition traduction, commentaire.” 2 vols. PhD dissertation, University of Paris, 2001.Google Scholar

Binggeli, A. “La version syriaque des Récits d’Anastase le Sinaïte et l’activité des moines syriaques au Mont Sinaï aux VIIIe-IXe siècles.” In Patrimoine syriaque. Actes du Colloque IX. Le Syriaques transmetteurs de civilisations: L’expérience du Bilād el-Shām à l’époque umayyade, 165–177. Antelais: Centre d’études et de recherches orientales, Ordre Antonin Maronite, 2005.Google Scholar

Binggeli, A. “Un nouveau témoin des Narrationes d’Anastase le Sinaïte dans les membra disjecta d’un manuscript sinaïtique (Sinaiticus MG 6 + MG 21).” Revue des Études Byzantines 62 (2004): 261–268.Google Scholar

Bīrūnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Kitāb al-āthār al-bāqīyah ʿan al-qurūn al-khālīyah. Ed. Sachau, E.. Leipzig, 1878. Trans. Eduard Sachau, The Chronology of Ancient Nations. Frankfurt: Minerva, 1969; reprinted 1984. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2000.Google Scholar

Bittel, K. Die hethitischen Grabfunde von Osmankayasi. Berlin: Verlag Gebr. Mann, 1958.Google Scholar

Bivar, A. D. H. “The Stirrup and Its Origins.” Oriental Arts 1 (1955): 61–68.Google Scholar

Black, Jeremy. “The Sumerians in their Landscape.” In Riches Hidden in Secret Places: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen. Ed. Abusch, T., 41–61. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2002.Google Scholar

Blackwell, Nicholas G. “Contextualizing Mycenaean Hoards: Metal Control on the Greek Mainland at the End of the Bronze Age.” American Journal of Archaeology 122 (2018): 509–539.Google Scholar

Blair, David. “Saddam Has Koran Written in His Blood.” Telegraph (December 14, 2013).Google Scholar

Blaive, Frederic. “Le rituel romain des Robigalia et le sacrifice du chien dans le Monde Indoeuropéen.” Latomus 54 (1995): 279–289.Google Scholar

Blegen, C. W. “Two Athenian Grave Groups of about 900 B.C.” Hesperia 21 (1952): 279–294.Google Scholar

Blegen, Carl and others. Troy: The Sixth Settlement. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1953.Google Scholar

Bloch-Smith, E. “Israelite Ethnicity in Iron I: Archaeology Preserves What Is Remembered and What Is Forgotten in Israel’s History.” Journal of Biblical Literature 122 (2003): 401–425.Google Scholar

Block, Corrie. The Qur’an in Christian–Muslim Dialogue: Historical and Modern Interpretations. New York: Routledge, 2013.Google Scholar

Bloedow, E. “Notes on Animal Sacrifices in Minoan Religion.” Journal of Prehistoric Religion 10 (1996): 31–44.Google Scholar

Blome, F. Die Opfermaterie in Babylonien und Israel. Rome: Pontific Institum Biblicum, 1934.Google Scholar

Bloom, Mia. Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Bodde, Derk. “Sexual Sympathetic Magic in Han China.” History of Religions 3 (1964): 292–299.Google Scholar

Boedeker, D. “Hecate: A Transfunctional Goddess in the Theogony?” Transactions of the American Philological Association 113 (1983): 79–93.Google Scholar

Boehmer, R. M. “Hörnerkrone.” Reallexicon der Assyriologie 4 (1972–1975): 431–434.Google Scholar

Bökönyi, Sándor. “The Earliest Waves of Domesticated Horses in East Europe.” Journal of Indo-European Studies 6 (1987): 17–76.Google Scholar

Bokovoy, David. “From the Hand of Jacob: A Ritual Analysis of Genesis 27.” Studies in the Bible and Antiquity 1 (2009): 35–50.Google Scholar

Bonatz, Dominik. “Mountain God (Ancient Near East).” In Iconography of Deities and Demons. Ed. Eggler, Jürg and others. Zurich: University of Zurich Press, 2005. www.religionswissenschaft.uzh.ch/idd/prepublications/pdfGoogle Scholar

Bonner, Michael. “Poverty and Charity in the Rise of Islam.” In Poverty and Charity in Middle East Contexts. Ed. Bonner, Michael and others, 13–30. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Bonner, Michael. “‘Time Has Come Full Circle’: Markets, Fairs and the Calendar in Arabia before Islam.” In The Islamic Scholarly Tradition: Studies in History, Law, and Thought in Honor of Professor Michael Allan Cook. Ed. Cook, Michael and others, 15–46. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2011.Google Scholar

Bonner, Michael. The Book of Adam and Eve. Trans. S. C. Malan. London: Williams and Norgate, 1882.Google Scholar

Borger, R. Die Inschriften Asarhaddons Königs von Assyrien. Osnabruck: Biblio-Verlag, 1967.Google Scholar

Borodowski, Alfredo. Isaac Abravenel on Miracles, Creation, Prophecy and Evil: The Tension between Medieval Jewish Philosophy and Biblical Commentary. Studies in Biblical Literature 53. New York: Peter Lang, 2003.Google Scholar

Bossert, H. T. Altanatolien. Kunst und Handwerk in Kleinasien von den Anfängen bis zum völligen Aufgehen in der friechischen Kultur. Berlin: E. Wasmuth, 1942.Google Scholar

Botterweck, G. J. “Geleḥ.” In Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Ed. Botterweck, G. J. and others. Trans. Willis, J. T. and others, 3.5–20. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1974.Google Scholar

Boucharlat, O. and Mouton, M., “Mleiha (3e s. avant J.-C. – 1er/2e s. après J.-C.).” In Materialien zur Archäologie der Seleukiden- und Partherzeit im südlichen Babylonien und im Golfgebiet. Ed. Finkbeiner, Uwe, 215–249. Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth, 1993.Google Scholar

Boucharlat, O. and others. “Archaeological Reconnaisance at ed-Dur, Umm al-Qaiwain, U.A.E.” Akkadica 58 (1988): 1–26.Google Scholar

Boucharlat, O. and others. “The European Archaeological Expedition to ed-Dur, Umm al-Qaiwayn (U.A.E.): An Interim Report on the 1987 and 1988 Seasons.” Mesopotamia 24 (1989): 5–72.Google Scholar

Bowen, John. “Elaborating Scriptures: Cain and Abel in Gayo Society.” Man 27 (1992): 495–516.Google Scholar

Bowen, Richard and others. The Early Arabian Necropolis of Ain Jawan: A Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Site on the Persian Gulf. New Haven, CT: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1950.Google Scholar

Boyle, John. “A Form of Horse Sacrifice amongst the 13th- and 14th-Century Mongols.” Central Asiatic Journal 10 (1965): 145–150.Google Scholar

Brachman, Jarret and others. The Power of Truth? Questions for Ayman al-Zawahiri. West Point, NY: Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point, 2008.Google Scholar

Brauer, Ralph W. “The Camel and Its Role in Shaping Mideastern Nomad Societies.” Comparative Civilizations Review 28 (1993): 106–151.Google Scholar

Braune, Walther. Die Futūḥ al-gaib des ʿAbd ul-Qādir . Berlin: De Gruyter, 1933.Google Scholar

Bravmann, M. M. The Spiritual Background of Early Islam. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1972.Google Scholar

Bravmann, M. M. “The Surplus of Property: An Early Arab Social Concept.” Der Islam 38 (1962): 28–50.Google Scholar

Bréal, Michel. “Hercule et Cacus.” In Mélanges de mythologie et de linguistique. Paris: Hachette, 1882.Google Scholar

Brenneman, Walter. “Serpents, Cows, and Ladies: Contrasting Symbolism in Irish and Indo-European Cattle-Raiding Myths.” History of Religions 28 (1989): 340–354.Google Scholar

Brentjes, Burchard. “Das Kamel im Alten Orient.” Klio 38 (1960): 23–52.Google Scholar

Briant, Pierre. Histoire de l’Empire Perse: De Cyrus à Alexandre. Paris: Fayard, 1996.Google Scholar

Brock, S. P. “Syriac Historical Writing: A Survey of the Main Sources.” Journal of the Iraq Academy, Syriac Corporation 5 (1979): 1–30.Google Scholar

Brock, S. P. “Syriac Sources for Seventh-Century History.” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 2 (1976): 17–36.Google Scholar

Brock, S. P. “Syriac on Sinai: The Main Connection.” In Eukosmia: Studi miscellanei per il 75. Di Vencenzo Poggi S. J. Ed. Ruggieri, Vincenzo and Pieralli, Luca, 103–117. Catanzaro: Rubbettino, 2003.Google Scholar

Brooke, Clarke “Sacred Slaughter: The Sacrificing of Animals at the Hajj and Id al-Adha.” Journal of Cultural Geography 7 (1987): 67–88.Google Scholar

Browaeys, Evelyne. “Dierenbegravingen in het Oude Mesopotamië.” Tidjschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie 48 (2012): 12–17.Google Scholar

Brown, D. R. and Anthony, D. W.. “Bit Wear, Horseback Riding, and the Botai Site in Kazakhstan.” Journal of Archaeological Science 25 (1998): 331–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brown, Thomas. The Public Art of Civil War Commemoration: A Brief History with Documents. Boston, MA: St. Martin’s, 2004.Google Scholar

Brunner, U. “Les pièges de chasse antiques au Yemen.” Chroniques Yéménites 15 (2008): 1–8.Google Scholar

Brunner, U. “Vorsabäische Jagdfallen.” Jemen Report 20 (1989): 23–25.Google Scholar

Buccellati, Giorgio. “The Monumental Urban Complex at Urkesh: Report on the 16th Season of Excavations, July-September 2003.” In General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 11.1. Ed. Owen, I. and Wilhelm, G., 3–28. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Buccellati, Giorgio and Buccellati, M. K.. “Urkesh as a Hurrian Religious Center.” Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Antatolici 47 (2005): 27–59.Google Scholar

Buccellati, M. K. “Introduction to the Archeo-Zoology of the Abi.” Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 47 (2005): 61–66.Google Scholar

Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Book of the Cave of Treasures. London: Religious Tract Society, 1927.Google Scholar

Budiansky, Stephen. The Covenant of the Wild: Why Animals Chose Domestication. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Bukhāri., Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl. Kitāb al-taʿrīkh al-kabīr. Cairo: al-Fārūq al-Ḥadīthah li al-Ṭibāʿah wa al-Nashr, 1986.Google Scholar

Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl. Ṣaḥīḥ. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1981.Google Scholar

Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl. al-Taʾrīkh al-ṣaghīr. Beirut: n.p., 1986.Google Scholar

Bulliet, Richard. “Afterword: Camels and Deserts.” In Camels in Asia and North Africa: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Their Past and Present Significance. Ed. Knoll, Eva Maria and Pamela, Burger, 231–236. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Bulliet, Richard. The Camel and the Wheel. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Bulmer, R. “Selectivity in Hunting and in Disposal of Animal Bone by the Kalam of the New Guinea Highlands.” In Problems in Economic and Social Archaeology. Ed. Siverking, G. D. G. and others, 169–186. London: Duckworth, 1976.Google Scholar

Bunnens, Guy. “The Storm-God in Northern Syria and Southern Anatolia: From Hadad of Aleppo to Jupiter Dolichenus.” In Offizielle Religion, lokale Kulte und individuelle Religiositat Akten des religionsgeschichtlichen Symposiums “Kleinasien und angrenzende Gebiete vom Beginn des 2. bis zur Mitte des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr.” (Bonn, 20.–22. Februar 2003). Ed. Hutter, Manfred and Hutter-Braunsar, Sylvia, 57–81. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2004.Google Scholar

Bunnens, Guy and others. A New Luwian Stele and the Cult of the Storm-God at Til Barsib-Musawari. Leuven: Peeters, 2006.Google Scholar

Burkert, Walter. Homo Necans: The Anthropology of Ancient Greek Sacrificial Ritual and Myth. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Burkert, Walter. “The Problem of Ritual Killing.” In Violent Origins: Walter Burkert, René Girard, and Jonathan Z. Smith on Ritual Killing and Cultural Formation. Ed. Hamerton-Kelly, Robert, 149–176. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Burkert, Walter. Sacrificio-sacrilegio: il “trickster” fondatore. Bari: n.p., 1988.Google Scholar

Burkhardt, John Lewis. Notes on the Bedouins and Wahâbys: Collected during His Travels in the East. 1834; reprinted New York: n.p., 1967.Google Scholar

Burkhardt, John Lewis. Travels in Syria and the Holy Land. London: Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa, 1822.Google Scholar

Burney, C. A. “A First Season of Excavations at the Urartian Citadel of Kayalidere.” Anatolian Studies 16 (1966): 55–111.Google Scholar

Burns, John. “Threats and Responses: The Iraqi Leader; Hussein’s Obsession: An Empire of Mosques.” New York Times (December 15, 2002).Google Scholar

Burton, John. “Those Are High-Flying Cranes.” Journal of Semitic Studies 15 (1970): 246–265.Google Scholar

Burton, John W. “Answers and Questions: Evans-Pritchard on Nuer Religion.” Journal of Religion in Africa 14 (1983): 167–186.Google Scholar

Burton, John. God’s Ants: A Study of Atuot Religion. St. Augustin: Anthropos Institute, 1981.Google Scholar

Burton, Richard. Arabian Nights. New York: Modern Library, 1932.Google Scholar

Burton, Richard. A Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to al-Madinah and Mecca. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, 1857.Google Scholar

Caetani, Leone. Annali dell’Islam. Hildesheim: Olms, 1972.Google Scholar

Cakirlar, Canan. “Caravans, Camel Wrestling and Cowrie Shells: Towards a Social Zooarchaeology of Camel Hybridization in Anatolia and Adjacent Regions.” Anthropozoologica 49 (2014): 237–252.Google Scholar

Calder, Norman. “Ḥinth, birr, tabarrur, taḥannuth: An Inquiry into the Arabic Vocabulary of Vows.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51 (1988): 214–239.Google Scholar

Calder, Norman. “From Midrash to Scripture: The Sacrifice of Abraham in Early Islamic Tradition.” Le Museon 101 (1988): 375–402.Google Scholar

Calder, Norman. Studies in Early Muslim Jurisprudence. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.Google Scholar

Cameron, Alan. “The Authenticity of the Letters of St. Nilus of Ancyra.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 17 (1976): 181–196.Google Scholar

Camporesi, Piero. The Incorruptible Flesh: Bodily Mutation and Mortification in Religion and Folklore. Trans. Croft-Murray, Tania and Elsom, Helen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Canaan, Tawfik. Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine. Jerusalem: Palestine Oriental Society 1924.Google Scholar

Canard, Marius. “Les expéditions des Arabes contre Constantinople.” Journal Asiatique 208 (1926): 67–77.Google Scholar

Caner, Daniel F. History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai: Including translations of Pseudo-Nilus’ Narrations, Ammonious’ Report on the Slaughter of the Monks of Sinai and Rhaithou, and Anastasius of Sinai’s Tales of the Sinai Fathers. Translated Texts for Historians 53. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Cantineau, J. Inventaire des inscriptions de Palmyre. Beirut: Imprimeri Catholique, 1933.Google Scholar

Cantrell, Deborah. “‘Some Trust in Horses’: Horses as Symbols of Power in Rhetoric and Reality.” In Warfare, Ritual, and Symbol in Biblical and Modern Contexts. Ed. Kelle, Brad and others, 131–148. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2014.Google Scholar

Cantrell, Deborah and Finkelstein, Israel. “A Kingdom for a Horse: The Megiddo Stables and Eighth Century Israel.” In Megiddo IV: The 1998–2002 Seasons. Ed. Finkelstein, Israel and others, 643–665. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Institute of Archaeology, 2006.Google Scholar

Caputo, Nina Nahmanides. Medieval Catalonia: History, Community, and Messianism. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Carruthers, D. Arabian Adventure: To the Great Nafud in Quest of the Oryx. London: H. F. & G. Witherby, 1935.Google Scholar

Caskel, W. Aijām al-ʿArab: Studien zur altarabischen Epik. Leipzig: n.p., 1931.Google Scholar

Caskel, W. Die Bedeutung der Beduinen in der Geschichte der Araber. Cologne: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1953.Google Scholar

Caskel, W. “The Bedouinization of Arabia.” In Studies in Islamic Cultural History. Ed. von Grunebaum, G. E. and others, 36–46. Menasha, WI: American Anthropological Society, 1954.Google Scholar

Caskel, W. Lihyan und Lihyanisch. Cologne: Westdeutcher Verlag, 1954.Google Scholar

Caskel, W. “Zur Beduinisierung Arabiens.” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 103 (1953): 28–36.Google Scholar

Cassimatis, H. “Les rites funéraires à Chypre.” Report of the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus (1973): 116–166.Google Scholar

Cassius Dio, . Roman History. Ed. and trans. Cary, Earnest and others. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914.Google Scholar

Cassuto, U. A Commentary on the Book of Genesis. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1961.Google Scholar

Catling, H. “Archaeology in Greece, 1978–79.” Journal of Hellenic Studies-Archaeological Reports 25 (1979): 3–42.Google Scholar

Cauvin, C. Naissance des divinités, naissance de l’agriculture: la révolution des symboles au Néolithique. Paris: Éditions du CNRS, 1997.Google Scholar

Cavigneaux, A. and Al-Rawi, F. N. H.. “Gilgamesh et taureau de ciel.” Revue d’assyriologie et d’archaéologie orientale 57 (1993): 97–129.Google Scholar

Cencetii, Sandra and others. “Madonna del Piano (Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Central Italy) Ox and Dog: A Case of Intentional Iron Age Inhumation.” Geobios 39 (2006): 328–336.Google Scholar

Cervicek, Paul and Kortler, Fritz. “Rock Art Discoveries in the Northern Yemen.” Paideuma 25 (1979): 226–232.Google Scholar

Chaix, L. “The Dogs from Kerma (Sudan) 2700 to 1500 BC.” In Historia Animalium ex Ossibus: Beitrage zu Paläoanatomie, Archäologie, Ägyptologie, Ethnologie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin. Festschrift für Angela von den Driesch zum 65. Geburstag. Ed. Becker, C. and others, 109–132. Rahden: Marie Leidorf Verlag, 1999.Google Scholar

Chamberlain, Michael. Knowledge and Social Practice in Medieval Damascus, 1190–1350. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Chapman, Robert. “Ten Years After – Megaliths, Mortuary Practices, and the Territorial Model.” In Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. Ed. Beck, Land, 29–51. New York: Plenum Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Charloux, Guillaume and others. “Banqueting in a Northern Arabian Oasis: A Nabataean Triclinium at Dûmat al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 375 (2016):13–34.Google Scholar

Charpin, D. “‘Le Roi est Mort, Vive le Roi!’ Les funérailles des souverains amorrites et l’avènement de leur successeur.” In Studies in Ancient Near Eastern World View and Society Presented to Marten Stol on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday. Ed. Van der Speck, R., 69–95. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Chelhod, Joseph. “Le sacrifice arabe nommé ḍaḥiyya.” Revue de l’histoire des religions 142 (1952): 206–215.Google Scholar

Chelhod, Joseph. Le sacrifice chez les Arabes: Recherches sur l’évolution, la nature et la fonction des rites sacrificiels en Arabie occidentale. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1955.Google Scholar

Chepey, Stuart. Nazirites in Late Second Temple Judaism: A Survey of Ancient Jewish Writings, the New Testament, Archaeological Evidence, and Other Writings from Late Antiquity. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2005.Google Scholar

Cherry, J. F. “Generalisation and Archaeology of the State.” In Social Organisation and Settlement: Contributions from Anthropology, Archaeology and Geography. BAR International Series 47. Ed. Green, David and others, 411–437. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1978.Google Scholar

Christensen, Arne Emil. “The Roman Iron Age Tools from Vimose, Denmark.” Acta Archaeologica 76 (2005): 59–86.Google Scholar

Christensen, Arthur. Les types du premier homme et du premier roi dans l’histoire légendaire des Iraniens. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1934.Google Scholar

Christides, Vassilios. “The Himyarite–Ethiopian War and the Ethiopian Occupation of South Arabia in the Acts of Gregentius (ca. 530 A.D.).” Annales d’Ethiopie 9 (1972): 115–146.Google Scholar

Christides, Vassilios. “Once Again the Narrations of Nilus Sinaiticus.” Byzantion 43 (1973): 39–50.Google Scholar

Churlov, Martin. “Qur’an Etched in Saddam Hussein’s Blood Poses Dilemma for Iraq Leaders.” Guardian (December 19, 2010).Google Scholar

Clark, V. A. A Study of New Safaitic Inscriptions from Jordan. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services, 1979.Google Scholar

Clarke, C. “The Rock Art of Oman.” Journal of Oman Studies 1 (1975): 113–122.Google Scholar

Claude, Dietrich. Die Byzantinische Stadt im 6. Jahrhundert. Byzantinisches Archiv 13. München: Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1969.Google Scholar

Clifford, R. J. “Cosmogonies in the Ugaritic Texts and in the Bible.” Orientalia 53 (1984): 183–201.Google Scholar

Clover, Carol. Men, Women and Chainsaws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Clutton-Brock, Juliet and Davies, Sophie. “More Donkeys from Tell Brak.” Iraq 55 (1993): 209.Google Scholar

Coco, Gregory. A Strange and Blighted Land: Gettysburg: The Aftermath of a Battle. Havertown, PA: Savas Beatie, 2017.Google Scholar

Cohen, Alvin. “Coercing the Rain Deities in Ancient China.” History of Religions 17 (1978): 244–265.Google Scholar

Cohen, Getzel. The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Collins, A. Y. The Combat Myth in the Book of Revelation. Missoula, MT: Scholars Press, 1976.Google Scholar

Collins, Billie Jean. “Necromancy, Fertility and the Dark Earth: The Use of Ritual Pits in Hittite Cult.” In Ancient Magic and Ritual Power. Ed. Meyer, Marvin and Mirecki, Paul, 224–241. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2001.Google Scholar

Collins, Billie Jean. “The Puppy in Hittite Ritual.” Journal of Cuneiform Studies 42 (1990): 211–226.Google Scholar

Collins, Billie Jean. “The Puppy in Hittite Ritual.” Oriental Institute News and Notes 136 (1992): 1–6.Google Scholar

Collins, Jack. “Appropriation and Development of Castration as Symbol and Practice in Early Christianity.” In Castration and Culture in the Middle Ages. Ed. Tracy, Larissa, 73–86. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2013.Google Scholar

Collon, Dominique. “Bull-Leaping in Syria.” Ägyptien und Levante 4 (1954): 81–88.Google Scholar

Collon, Dominique. First Impressions: Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East. London: British Museum Publications, 1987.Google Scholar

Colson, F. H. and Whitaker, G. H., trans. Philo with an English Translation. New York: Putnam, 1929–1962.Google Scholar

Conca, F. Nilus Ancyranus Narratio. Leipzig: Teubner, 1983.Google Scholar

Connelly, Joan. “The Terracotta Figurines: Greek Types and Cult.” Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient 18 (1990): 209–220.Google Scholar

Conter, Carolyn. “Chariot Usage in Greek Dark Age Warfare.” MA dissertation, Florida State University, 2003.Google Scholar

Cook, David. Martyrdom in Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Cook, J. Gordon. Handbook of Textile Fibres. Watford: Merrow Publishing, 1968.Google Scholar

Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. “Ātmayajna: Self-Sacrifice.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 6 (1941): 358–398.Google Scholar

Cooper, Wendy. Hair: Sex, Society, Symbolism. New York: Stein and Day, 1971.Google Scholar

Cooper, Z. “The Enigma of Gender in the Archeological Record of the Andaman Island.” In Pursuit of Gender: Worldwide Archaeological Approaches. Ed. Nelson, S. M. and Rosen-Ayalon, M., 173–185. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Corbett, Glenn J. “Mapping the Mute Immortals: A Locational and Contextual Analysis of Thamudic E/Hismaic Inscriptions and Rock Drawings from the Wādī Ḥafīr of Southern Jordan.” PhD dissertation, University of Chicago, 2010.Google Scholar

Corbier, M. “Le statut ambigu de la viande à Rome.” Dialogues d’histoire ancienne 15 (1989): 107–158 [= “The Ambiguous Status of Meat in Ancient Rome.” Food and Foodways 3 (1989): 223–264].Google Scholar

Corbin, Henry. Spiritual Body and Celestial Earth: From Mazdean Iran to Shiʿite Iran. Trans. Pearson, Nancy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.Google Scholar

Corpus des inscriptions et antiquités sud-arabes. Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Louvain: Peeters, 1986.Google Scholar

Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum. pars quinta: Inscriptiones Saracenicas Continens. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Paris: Reipublicae Typographeo, 1951.Google Scholar

Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum. pars quarta: Inscriptiones Ḥimyariticas et Sabaes continens. Paris: Reipublicae Typographeo, 1889–1931.Google Scholar

Crassard, R. and others. “Addressing the Desert Kites Phenomenon and Its Global Range through a Multi-Proxy Approach.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21 (2014): 1093–1121.Google Scholar

Creswell, K. A. C. Early Muslim Architecture. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.Google Scholar

Crielaard, Jean-Paul and Driessen, Jan. “The Hero’s Home: Some Reflections on the Building at Toumba, Lefkandi.” Topoi 4 (1994): 251–270.Google Scholar

Crimson, Mark. Urban Memory: History and Amnesia in the Modern City. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2005.Google Scholar

Crone, Patricia. “‘Barefoot and Naked’: What Did the Bedouin of the Arab Conquests Look Like?” In Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar’s Eightieth Birthday. Ed. Neclpoglu, Gülru and Bailey, Julia, 1–10. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2008.Google Scholar

Crone, Patricia. Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias, 2004.Google Scholar

Crone, Patricia. “Quraysh and the Roman Army: Making Sense of the Meccan Leather Trade.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 70 (2007): 63–88.Google Scholar

Crone, Patricia and Cook, Michael. Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.Google Scholar

Crooks, Sam. “Cult Stones of Ancient Cyprus.” Journal of Prehistoric Religion 23 (2012): 25–44.Google Scholar

Cross, Frank Moore. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Crouwel, J. Chariots and Other Means of Land Transport in Bronze Age Greece. Amsterdam: Allard Pierson Museum, 1981.Google Scholar

Crowther, Nigel. “Reflections on Greek Equestrian Events. Violence and Spectator Attitudes.” Nikephoros 7 (1994): 121–133.Google Scholar

Culianu, Ioan. “Review: A Corpus for the Body.” Journal of Modern History 63 (1991): 61–80.Google Scholar

Cummins, John. The Hound and the Hawk: The Art of Medieval Hunting. London: Wiedenfeld & Nicolson, 1988.Google Scholar

Curci, Antonio and others. “The Camel Remains from Site HD-6 (Ra’s al-Hadd, Sultanate of Oman): An Opportunity for a Critical Review of Dromedary Findings in Eastern Arabia.” Anthropozoologica 49 (2014): 207–222.Google Scholar

Curtis, Andrian. “Some Observations on ‘Bull’ Terminology in the Ugaritic Texts and in the Old Testament.” In In Quest of the Past: Studies on Israelite Religion, Literature and Prophetism (oudtestamentische Studien). Ed. Van der Woude, A. S., 17–31. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1990.Google Scholar

Curtiss, Samuel and Ward, William. Primitive Semitic Religion Today: A Record of Researches, Discoveries and Studies in Syria, Palestine and the Sinaitic Peninsula. Chicago, IL: Fleming H. Revell, 1902.Google Scholar

Cutler, Richard and others. “Typological and Chronological Variation of Burial in Qatar: ʿUbaid to Late Pre-Islamic.” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 43 (2013): 1–12.Google Scholar

Dabbāgh, Abū Zayd ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. Maʿālim al-aymān fī maʿrifat ahl al-Qayrawān. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khānjī, 1968.Google Scholar

Ḍabbī, Mufaḍḍal b. Muḥammad. The Mufaḍḍalīyāt. Ed. and trans. Bevan, A. A.. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1918–1921.Google Scholar

Daems, Aurelie and De Waele, An. “Camelid and Equid Burials in Pre-Islamic South Arabia.” In Death and Burial in Arabia and Beyond: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Ed. Weeks, Lloyd, 109–114. Oxford: Archeopress, 2010.Google Scholar

Daems, Aurelie and Waele, An De. “Some Reflections on Human–Animal Burials from Pre-Islamic South-East Arabia (Poster).” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 38 (2008): 137–140.Google Scholar

Daems, Aurelie. “The Terracotta Figurines from ed-Dur (Umm al-Qaiwain, U.A.E.): The Animal Representations.” Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 15 (2004): 229–239.Google Scholar

Daems, Aurelie and Haerinck, E.. “Excavations at Shakoura (Bahrain).” Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 12 (2001): 90–95.Google Scholar

Dafni, Amots. “Rituals, Ceremonies and Customs Related to Sacred Trees with a Special Reference to the Middle East.” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3 (2007): 1–15.Google Scholar

Dahhāmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. Sharḥ kitāb al-ḥajj min bulūgh al-marām. Beirut: Dār al-Nawādir, 2017.Google Scholar

Dahlan-Taylor, Magfirah. “Beyond Barbarity and Concealment: Animal Sacrifice and Religious Slaughter in Islamic Responses to Postdomesticity.” Culture and Religion 17 (2016): 352–365.Google Scholar

Dale, Joshua Paul. “Intact or Cut? Castration and the Phallus in the New Gender Politics.” Japanese Journal of American Studies 17 (2006): 233–244.Google Scholar

Dale, Stephen Frederic. “Religious Suicide in Islamic Asia: Anticolonial Terrorism in India, Indonesia, and the Philippines.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 3 (March 1988): 38–59.Google Scholar

Daly, Robert. Christian Sacrifice: The Judaeo-Christian Background before Origen. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Damīrī, Muḥāmmad b. Mūsā. Ḥayāt al-ḥayawān al-kubrā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 1994.Google Scholar

Dāmūnī, Jamāl Salīm Ibrāhīm Salīm. al-Shihādah wa al-shudadāʾ: aḥkām al-shahīd fī al-sharīʿah al-islāmīyah. Manshūrāt 16. London: Filasãīn al-Muslimah, 2000.Google Scholar

Danarto, Haji. A Javanese Pilgrim in Mecca. Melbourne: Monash University Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, 1989.Google Scholar

Dandekar, R. N. “Yama in the Veda.” B.C. Law Commemorative Volume. Ed. Bhandarkar, D. R., 1:194–209. Calcutta: Indian Research Institute, 1945.Google Scholar

Daneshvari, Abbas and others. Survey of Persian Art. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2005.Google Scholar

Danforth, Loring. The Death Rituals of Rural Greece. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Dāraquṭnī, ʿAlī b. ʿUmar. Sunan. Ed. ʿYamānī al-Madanī, Abdallāh Hāshim. Medina: Dār al-Maḥāsin li-l-Tibāʿa, 1966.Google Scholar

al-Dardīr, Aḥmad. al-Sharḥ al-kabīr. Beirut: n.p., n.d.Google Scholar

Dārimī, ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Sunan. Ed. al-ʿAlamī, Khālid al-Sabʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1407.Google Scholar

Darmesteter, James, trans. The Zend Avesta. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Davis, Jack and Stocker, Sharon. “The Lord of the Gold Rings: The Griffin Warrior of Pylos.” Hesperia 85 (2016): 627–655.Google Scholar

Day, John. God’s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea: Echoes of a Canaanite Myth in the Old Testament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Day, John. “Some Aspects of the Monarchy in Ancient Israel.” In New Perspectives on Old Testament Prophecy and History: Essays in Honour of Hans M. Barstad. Ed. Barstad, Hans and others, 161–174. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2015.Google Scholar

Day, Leslie. “Dog Burials in the Greek World.” American Journal of Archaeology 88 (1984): 21–32.Google Scholar

De Backer, Fabrice. “Evolution of War Chariot Tactics in the Ancient Near East.” Ugarit-Forschungen 41 (2010): 29–46.Google Scholar

De Blois, François. “Naṣrānī (Ναζωραȋος) and ḥanīf (ἐθνικός): Studies on the Religious Vocabulary of Christianity and of Islam.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 65 (2002): 1–30.Google Scholar

De Cardi, Beatrice. “A Late Pre-Islamic Burial at al-Khatt, U.A.E.” Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 7 (1996): 82–87.Google Scholar

De Cardi, Beatrice. Qatar Archaeological Report: Excavations 1973. Doha: Qatar National Museum 1978.Google Scholar

De Coulanges, Numa Denis Fustel. La cité antique. Paris: Hachette et Cie, 1864; reprinted, Flammarion, 2015.Google Scholar

De Hemmer Gudme, Anne Katrine. “A Lingering Memory: Materiality and Divine Remembrance in Aramaic Dedicatory Inscriptions.” ARAM 29 (2017): 89–104.Google Scholar

De Heusch, Luc. “Le sacrifice dogon ou la violence de Dieu.” Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire 2 (1976): 67–89.Google Scholar

De Heusch, Luc. Sacrifice in Africa: A Structuralist Approach. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985.Google Scholar

De Maigret, A. and others, “Activities of the Italian Archaeological Mission in the Yemen Arab Republic (1983 Campaign).” From East to West 33 (1983): 340–344.Google Scholar

De Moor, J. C. The Seasonal Pattern in the Ugartic Myth of Baʿlu. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 16. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1971.Google Scholar

De Moor, J. C. “Standing Stones and Ancestor Worship.” Ugarit-Forschungen 27 (1995): 1–20.Google Scholar

De Quoy, A. The Irish Wolfhound in Irish Literature and Law. McLean: De Quoy Publishing, 1971.Google Scholar

De Somogyi, Joseph, trans. Ad-Damîrî’s Ḥayat al-ḥatawān: An Arabic Zoological Lexicon. Osiris 9.2. Bruges: St. Catherine Press, 1950.Google Scholar

De Vaux, R. “Le roi d’Israël, vassal de Yahwé.” In Mélanges Eugène Tisserant, 1:119–133. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1964.Google Scholar

De-Whyte, Janice Pearl Ewurama. “Sarah, Rebekah and Rachel: Beautiful and Barren.” In Wom(b)an: A Cultural-Narrative Reading of the Hebrew Bible Barrenness Narratives, 81–123. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2018.Google Scholar

Decker, Wolfgang. Die physische Leistung Pharaos. Untersuchungen zu Heldentum, Jagd und Leibesüdbungen der ägyptischen Könige. Köln: Historisches Institut der Deutachen Sporthochschule Köln, 1971.Google Scholar

Decker, Wolfgang. Sports and Games of Ancient Egypt. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Degen, Rainer and others. Neue Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, 1972–1978.Google Scholar

Delaporte, L. Catalogue de cylindres orientaux et des cachets de la Bibliothèque Nationale. Paris: Leroux, 1910.Google Scholar

Delehaye, Hippolyte, ed. Synaxarium Ecclesiae Contantinopolitanae e codice Sirmondiano, Propylaeum ad AS Novembris. Brussels: Joannes Meursium, 1902.Google Scholar

Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Félix. Mille Plateaux. Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1998. Trans. Brian Massumi, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Dent, Anthony. The Horse through Fifty Centuries of Civilization. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974.Google Scholar

Dentzer, J.-M. “Naiskoi du Hauran et qubbah Arabe.” In Petra and the Caravan Cities. Ed. Zayadine, Fawzi, 207–219. Amman: Department of Antiquities, 1990.Google Scholar

Derenbourg, Hartwig. “Le culte de la déesse al-ʿOuzza en Arabie au Ive siecle de notre ère.” In Recueil de mémoires orientaux: textes et traductions publiés par les professeurs de lʹÉcole Spêciale des Langues Orientales Vivantes à lʹoccasion du XIVe Congrès International des Orientalistes réuni à Alger (avril 1905), 33–40. Paris: Impr. Nationale, 1905.Google Scholar

Deschamps, Gaston and Cousin, Georges. “Inscriptions du Temple de Zeus Panamaros.” Bulletin de Correspondence Hellénique 12 (1888): 479–490.Google Scholar

Detienne, Marcel. “Culinary Practices and the Spirit of Sacrifice.” In The Cuisine of Sacrifice among the Greeks. Ed. Detienne, Marcel and Vernant, Jean-Pierre. Trans. Paula Wissing, 1–20. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Detienne, Marcel and Werth, A. B.. “Athena and the Mastery of the Horse.” History of Religions 11 (1971): 161–184.Google Scholar

Deusen, Nancy. Chastity: A Study in Perception, Ideals, Opposition. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2008.Google Scholar

Devereux, George. “The Equus October Ritual Reconsidered.” Mnemosyne 23 (1970): 297–301.Google Scholar

Devreesse, R. “Le christianisme dans la peninsula sinaïtique des origins à l’arrivée des musulmans.” Revue Biblique 49 (1940): 205–223.Google Scholar

Devreesse, R. “Les christianisme dans le sud Palestinien (Négeb).” Revue des Sciences Religieuses 20 (1940): 235–251.Google Scholar

Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Kitāb al-kabāʾir. EdḤamza, . Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Razzāq. Mecca: n.p., 1355.Google Scholar

Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Siyār aʿlām al-nubalāʾ. Ed. Maʿrūf., Bashār ʿAwwād Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1992.Google Scholar

Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ. Hyderabad: Dāʾirah al-Maʿrif al-ʿUthmānīyah, 1968.Google Scholar

Di Lernia, Sandar. “Building Monuments, Creating Identity: Cattle Cult as Social Response to Rapid Environmental Changes in the Holocene Sahara.” Quarternary International 151 (2006): 50–62.Google Scholar

Dickson, B. “Public Transcripts Expressed in Theatres of Cruelty: The Royal Graves at Ur in Mesopotamia.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 16 (2006): 123–144.Google Scholar

Dickson, H. R. P. and Dickson, V.. “Thaj and Other Sites.” Iraq 10 (1948): 1–8.Google Scholar

Dictionary of Demons and Deities in the Bible. Ed. Toorn, Karel van der and others. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999Google Scholar

Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions. Ed. Hoftijzer, J. and others. Handbook of Oriental Studies 21. 2nd ed. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997.Google Scholar

Dictionnaire des inscriptions sémitiques de l’ouest. Ed. Jean, C. F. and Hoftijzer, J.. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1965.Google Scholar

Dieterlen, Germaine. “Introduction à de nouvelles recherches sur le sacrifice chez les Dogon.” Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire 2 (1976): 3–50.Google Scholar

Dietrich, Manfred and others, eds. Keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1976.Google Scholar

Dietrich, Manfred and others, eds. Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen Orten. The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 360/1. Münster: Ugarit-Verl, 2013.Google Scholar

Dijkstra, M. “The Weather God on Two Mountains.” Ugarit Forschungen 23 (1991): 127–140.Google Scholar

Dillmann, August. Das Christliche Adambuch des Morgenlandes: Aus dem Äthiopisches mit Bemerkungen überstezt. Göttingen: Dieterichschen Bookhandlung, 1853.Google Scholar

Diodorus of Sicily. Ed. and trans. Oldfather, C. H. and others. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1933–1998.Google Scholar

Dion, Paul. “Early Evidence for the Ritual Significance of the ‘Base of the Altar’: Around Deut 12:27 LXX.” Journal of Biblical Literature 106 (1987): 487–90.Google Scholar

Dirbas, Hekmat. “The Sacrifice of Riding Animals in Amorite and Arabic Traditions.” Subartu 8 (2014): 3–12.Google Scholar

Dirven, Lucinda. The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1999.Google Scholar

Diwan Labīd al-ʿĀmirī = Der Diwan des Lebid. Ed. Khālidī, Yūsuf Ḍitāʾ al-Dīn. Wien: Commission bei Carl Gerold’s Sohn, 1880.Google Scholar

Dohmann-Pfälzner, H. and Pfäzner, P.. “Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient Gesellschaft in der zentralen Oberstadt von Tall Mozan/Urkes. Bericht über die Kooperation mit dem IMAS durchgeführte Kampagne 2000.” Mitteilungen des Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 133 (2001): 97–140.Google Scholar

Donner, Fred. The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Donner, Fred. Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Donner, Fred. “Muhammad und die frühe islamische Gemeinschaft aus historischer Sicht.” ASIA 68 (2014): 439–451.Google Scholar

Donner, Fred Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing. Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam 14. Princeton, NJ: Darwin, 1998.Google Scholar

Dossin, Georges. “Les Archives Épistolaires du Palais de Mari.” Syria 19 (1938): 105–126.Google Scholar

Dostal, Walter. Die Beduinen in Südarabien: Eine Ethnologische Studie zur Entwicklung der Kamelhirtenkultur in Arabien. Wien: Beck, 1967.Google Scholar

Dostal, Walter. “The Development of Bedouin Life in Arabia Seen from Archaeological Material.” In Studies in the History of Arabia: Proceedings from the First International Symposium of Studies in the History of Arabia, 23rd–28th April, 1977. Ed. al-Ansary, A. T. and others, 25–44. Riyadh: University of Riyadh, 1981.Google Scholar

Dostal, Walter. “The Evolution of Bedouin Life.” In L’antica societa beduina. Ed. Gabrieli, F., 11–34. Rome: Centro di Studi Semitici, Università di Roma, 1959.Google Scholar

Dostal, Walter. “Some Remarks on the Ritual Significance of the Bull in Pre-Islamic South Arabia.” In Arabian and Islamic Studies: Articles Presented to R. B. Serjeant on the Occasion of His Retirement from the Sir Thomas Adam’s Chair of Arabic, 196–213. London: Longman, 1983.Google Scholar

Dothan, M. “Azor: The Bronze and Iron Age Tombs.” In The Encyclopaedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Ed. Avi-Yonah, M., 1:146–147. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1975.Google Scholar

Doughty, Arthur George. Travels in Arabia Deserta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1888.Google Scholar

Douglas, Mary. Edward Evans-Pritchard. Glasgow: Fontana, 1980; reprinted London: Routledge, 2003.Google Scholar

Douglas, Mary. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. New York, 1966; reprinted New York: Routledge, 2003.Google Scholar

Doumet-Serhal, Claude. Sidon: 15 Years of Excavations. Beirut: Lebanese British Friends of the National Museum, 2013.Google Scholar

Doutté, Edmond. Magie et religion dans l’Afrique du Nord. Bruxelles: ESH-éditions, 2013.Google Scholar

Downey, Susan. Terracotta Figurines and Plaques from Dura-Europos. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Dozye, Reinhart. Die Israeliten zu Mekka: von Davids Zeit bis in’s fünft Jahrhundert unserer Zeitrechnung: Ein Beitrag zur alttestamentlichen Kritik und zur Erforschung des Ursprungs des Islam. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1864.Google Scholar

Drewes, A. S. “Some Hadrami Inscriptions.” Bibliotheca Orientalis 11 (1954): 94–94.Google Scholar

Drews, Robert. The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Drews, Robert. Early Riders: The Beginnings of Mounted Warfare in Asia and Europe. New York: Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar

Driessen, Jan. “The Arsenal of Knossos (Crete) and Mycenaean Chariot Forces.” In Archaeological and Historical Aspects of West-European Societies. Acta Archaeologica Lovaniensia 8. Ed. Lodewijck, Marc, 481–498. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Driessen, Jan and Langohr, C.. “Rallying Round a ‘Minoan’ Past: The Legitimation of Power at Knossos during the Late Bronze Age.” In Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II. Ed. Galaty, M. and Parkinson, W., 178–189. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California at Los Angeles, 2007.Google Scholar

Drijvers, H. W. J. Cults and Beliefs at Edessa. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1980.Google Scholar

Du Buisson, R. C. du Mesnil. Baghouz. L’ancienne Corsôtê: Le tell archaique et la nécropole de l’âge du Bronze. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1948.Google Scholar

Du Buisson, R. C. du Mesnil. Les peintures de la synagogue de Doura-Europos (245–246 après J.-C.). Rome: Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1939.Google Scholar

Dumezil, Georges. “Bellator Equos.” In Rituels indo-europeens a Rome. Etudes et commentaires 16, 73–91. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1954.Google Scholar

Dumezil, Georges. Fetes romaines d’été et d’automne. Paris: Editions Gallimard, 1975.Google Scholar

Dumezil, Georges. La religion romaine archaieque. Paris: Payot, 1966.Google Scholar

Dummer, J. “Die Angaben über die Gnostische Literatur bei Epiphanius, Pan. haer. 26.” In Koptologische Studien in der DDR: Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben vom Institut für Byzantinistik der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 191–219. Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität, 1965.Google Scholar

Dumont, Paul-Emile. L’Asvamedha. Description du sacrifice solennel du cheval dans le culte vedique: d’apres les textes du Yajurveda blanc (Vajasaneyisamhita Satapathabrahmana, Katyayanasrautasutra). Societe Belge d’Études Orientales. Paris: Paul Geuthner 1927.Google Scholar

Dumont, Paul-Emile. “The Horse-Sacrifice in the Taittribīya-Brāhmana: The Eighth and Ninth Prapāṭhakas of the Third Kānḍa of the Taittirīya-Brāhmana with Translation. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 92 (1948): 447–503.Google Scholar

Dunand, Maurice. Fouilles de Byblos. Tome II: 1933–1938. Atlas. Paris: Adrien Masonneuve, 1950.Google Scholar

Dunbabin, K. M. D. “Triclinium and Stibadium.” In Dining in a Classical Context. Ed. Slater, W. J., 124–148. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Dunham, D. The Royal Cemeteries of Kush I: El Kurru. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1950.Google Scholar

Dunham, D. The Royal Cemeteries of Kush 5: The West and South Cemeteries at Meroe. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, 1963.Google Scholar

Durand, Captain and Rawlinson, H. C.. “Extracts from Report on the Islands and Antiquities of Bahrein.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 12 (1880): 119–201.Google Scholar

Durand, J.-L. and Schnapp, A.. “Schlachtopfer und rituelle Jagd.” In Die Bilderwelt der Griechen: Schlüssel zu einer “fremden” Kultur Taschenbuch. Ed. Bérard, C. and others, 73–99. Berlin: Phillip von Zabern in Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1985.Google Scholar

Durand, J.-M. “Le mythologème du combat entre le dieu de l’orage et le mer en Mésopotamie.” MARI: Annales de Reserches Interdisciplinaires 7 (1993): 41–61.Google Scholar

Durand, J.-M. Semitas occidentales: Aspectos “occidentales” de la religión de Mari, Mitologia y Religion del Oriente Antigo II/1. Barcelona: Sabadell, 1995.Google Scholar

Durand, M. Florilegium Marianum VIII: Le culte des pierres et les monuments commémoratifs en Syrie amorite. Paris: Mémoires de NABU, 2005.Google Scholar

Durkheim, Emile. Les forms élémentaires de la vie religieuse: Le systéme totémique in Australie. Paris: Quadrige, 1912. Trans. Joseph Ward Swain, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1915; reprinted New York: Free Press, 1965.Google Scholar

Dussaud, René. Le origines cananéennes du sacrifice israélite. Paris: Leroux, 1921; 2nd ed. Paris: Presses Universitaires, 1941.Google Scholar

Dussaud, René. Les religions des Hittites et des Hourrites, des Pheniciens, et des Syriens. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1949.Google Scholar

Dussaud, René. “Les sacrifices humains chez les cananéens.” Annales du Musée Guimet, Bibliothèque de Vulgarisation 34 (1910): 77–109.Google Scholar

Dussaud, René and Macler, Frédéric. Voyage archeologique au Ṣafā et dans le Djebel ed-Drūz. Paris: E. Leroux, 1901.Google Scholar

Duval, Rubens. Lexicon Syriacum auctore Hassano Bar Bahlule. Paris: Reipublicae typographaeo, 1888–1901.Google Scholar

Dyer, Jeffery. “Desert Saints or Lions without Teeth? British Portrayals of Bedouin Masculinity in the Nineteenth-Century Arabian Peninsula.” Arab Studies Journal 17 (2009): 85–97.Google Scholar

Dyson, Robert. “Problems of Protohistoric Iran as Seen from Hasanlu.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 24 (1965): 193–217.Google Scholar

Ebeling, E. “Die Rüstung eines babylonischen Panzerreiters nach einem Vertrag aus der Zeit Darius II.” Zetischrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 16 (1952): 203–213.Google Scholar

Eberhart, Christian A., ed. Ritual and Metaphor: Sacrifice in the Bible. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011.Google Scholar

Ebers, Georg. Durch Gosen zum Sinai: Aus dem Wanderbuche und der Bibliothek. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1881.Google Scholar

Échallier, J. C. and Braemer, F.. “Nature et fonctions des ‘desert kites’: Données et hypotheses nouvelles.” Paleorient 21 (1995): 35–63.Google Scholar

Edrey, Meir. “The Dog Burials at Achaemenid Ashkelon Revisited.” Tel Aviv 35 (2008): 267–282.Google Scholar

Edrey, Meir. “A Dog Cult in Persian Period Judea.” In A Jew’s Best Friend? The Image of the Dog throughout Jewish History. Ed. Ackerman-Lierberman, P. I. and Zalashik, R., 12–35. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Effendi, Mahmoud. Sur le calendrier Arabe avant l’Islamisme. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1858: 109–192.Google Scholar

Egami, Namio and others. Dailaman II: The Excavations at Noruzmahale and Khoramrud, 1960. Tokyo University Iraq–Iran Archaeological Expedition 7. Tokyo: Institute for Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 1966.Google Scholar

Egami, Namio and others. Dailaman III: The Excavations at Hassani Mahale and Ghalekuti, 1964-. Tokyo University Iraq–Iran Archaeological Expedition 8. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 1968.Google Scholar

Eichrodt, W. Theology of the Old Testament. Trans. Baker, J. A.. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster, 1961.Google Scholar

Eilberg-Schwartz, H. The Savage in Judaism: An Anthropology of Israelite Religion and Ancient Judaism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Eisenberg-Degen, Davida and Nash, George. “Hunting and Gender as Reflected in the Central Negev Rock Art, Israel.” Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture 7 (2014): 259–277.Google Scholar

Eisenstein, H. Einführung in die arabische Zoographie: Das tierkundliche Wissen in der arabisch–islamischen Literatur. Berlin: Reimer, 1991.Google Scholar

Eissfeldt, Otto. Molk als Opferbegriff im Punischen und Hebräischen und das Ende des Gottes Moloch. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1935.Google Scholar

Eissfeldt, Otto. “Noch ein safatenisches Bild vom Grabmal des Haniʾ.” Forschungen und Fortschritte 29 (1955): 118–119.Google Scholar

Eklund, Ragnar. Life between Death and Resurrection according to Islam. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1941.Google Scholar

Ekroth, Gunnel. “Animal Sacrifice in Antiquity.” In The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Animals. Ed. Campbell, G. L., 324–354. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Ekroth, Gunnel. “Meat in Ancient Greece: Sacrificial, Sacred or Secular?” Food and History 5 (2007): 249–272.Google Scholar

Ekroth, Gunnel. “Meat, Man and God: On the Division of the Animal at Greek Sacrifices.” In Mikros hieromnemon. Meletes eis mnemen Michael H. Jameson. Ed. Matthaiou, A. P. and Polinskay, I., 259–290. Athens: Ellenike Epigraphike Hetaireia, 2008.Google Scholar

Ekroth, Gunnel. The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults. Kernos Supplément 12. Liege: Centre Internationl d’Étude de la Religion Grecque Antique, 2002.Google Scholar

El Amin, F. M. “The Dromedary Camel of the Sudan.” Integrative Fertility Symposium of Camels. Sudan 6 (1979): 35–54.Google Scholar

Elayi, J. “Deux ‘ateliers’ de caroplastes nord-Phéniciens et nord-Syriens sous l’empire perse.” Iranica Antiqua 26 (1991): 183–187.Google Scholar

Eliade, Mircea. “Cultural Fashions and the History of Religion.” In The History of Religions: Essays on the Problem of Understanding. Ed. Kitagawa, Joseph, 21–38. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1967. [= Occultism, Witchcraft, and Cultural Fashions: Essays in Comparative Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976, 1–17].Google Scholar

Eliade, Mircea. Occultism, Witchcraft, and Cultural Fashions: Essays in Comparative Religion. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1976.Google Scholar

Eliade, Mircea. Zalmoxis the Vanishing God: Comparative Studies in the Religions and Folklore of Dacia and Eastern Europe. Trans. Trask, Willard. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1971.Google Scholar

Ellis, R. S. Foundation Deposits in Ancient Mesopotamia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968.Google Scholar

Elsner, John. “Cult and Sculpture: Sacrifice in the Ara Pacis Augustae.” Journal of Roman Studies 81 (1991): 50–61.Google Scholar

Emery, A. C. “Weapons of the Israelite Monarchy: A Catalogue with Its Linguistic and Crosscultural Implications.” PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1999.Google Scholar

The Encyclopaedia Islamica. Ed. Madelung, Wilferd and Daftary, Farhad. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2008.Google Scholar

The Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd ed. Ed. Bearman, P. and others. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960–2007.Google Scholar

The Encyclopaedia of Judaism. 2nd ed. Ed. Neusner, Jacob. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2000.Google Scholar

The Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Ed. McAuliffe, Jane Dammen. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2012.Google Scholar

The Encyclopedia of Prehistory. Ed. Peregrine, Peter and Ember, Melvin. New York: Springer, 2002.Google Scholar

Ephʿal, Israel. The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent. 9th–5th Century B.C. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Ephraem Syrus, Opera. Ed. Caillau, Armand-Benjamin. Paris: Mellier, 1842.Google Scholar

Epiphanius of Salamis. The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis. Books II and III (sects 47–80, De Fide). Trans. Williams, Frank. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1994.Google Scholar

Epstein, Hellmut. Domestic Animals of China. Madison, WI: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, 1969.Google Scholar

Erdenbaatar, D. “Burial Materials Related to the History of the Bronze Age in the Territory of Mongolia.” In Metallurgy in Ancient Eastern Eurasia from the Urals to the Yellow River. Ed. Linduff, K. M., 189–223. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Ergil, Dogu. “Suicide Terrorism in Turkey: The Case of the Workers’ Party of Kurdistan.” In Countering Suicide Terrorism, 73–88. Herzliya: International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, 2001.Google Scholar

Eskoubi, K. M. and Abu al-Aila, S. R.. “Thaj Excavations: Second Season 1404/1984.” Atlal 9 (1985): 41–52.Google Scholar

Eusebius, . Die Praeparatio Evangelica. Ed. and trans. Mras, Karl and Places, Édouard Des. Griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte 43. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012.Google Scholar

Evagrius Scholasticus. The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus. Trans. Whitby, Michael. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Evans, Arthur. “On a Minoan Bronze Group of a Galloping Bull and Acrobatic Figure from Crete: With Glyptic Comparisons and a Note on the Oxford Relief Showing the Taurokathapsia.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 41 (1921): 247–259.Google Scholar

Evans, Arthur. “Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult and Its Mediterranean Relations.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 21 (1901): 99–204.Google Scholar