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4 - Aphasia in stroke

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2009

By
Andrew Kertesz
Edited by
Olivier Godefroy  and
Julien Bogousslavsky
Andrew Kertesz
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
Olivier Godefroy
Affiliation:
Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens
Julien Bogousslavsky
Affiliation:
Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
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Summary

Introduction

Stroke related aphasia occurs in certain patterns, forming predictable aphasic syndromes, creating a basis for cortical localizationist models and providing reliable diagnosis and prognosis. Approximately 25% of stroke patients have significant aphasia (Leske, 1981), making this a common neurological and rehabilitation issue. Broca (1861) established the importance of the left hemisphere in language and Wernicke (1874) extended the description of aphasic syndromes including comprehension deficit, recognizing the sensorimotor organization of language accompanying anteroposterior anatomical distinction. Upon these foundations, a number of aphasic syndromes have been described subsequently. The taxonomy of these syndromes has been much debated, but in Table 4.1 the most commonly accepted classification and terminology are defined.

The cerebral cortex, specialized for language, functionally unique and anatomically localizable, similar to the primary motor or visual cortex, has become an important topic for research. There is anatomical and physiological evidence for overlapping networks specialized for language, output and comprehension. The characteristics of such networks can be summarized as follows:

  1. A function is usually represented at multiple sites, so that lesions from multiple sites can produce a similar deficit.

  2. Each area may belong to several overlapping networks, so a lesion in a single area often produces multiple deficits.

  3. Severe and lasting deficit of function occurs when all or most structural components of a network are involved.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke , pp. 53 - 74
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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  • Aphasia in stroke
  • Edited by Olivier Godefroy, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Book: The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
  • Online publication: 10 October 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544880.005
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  • Aphasia in stroke
  • Edited by Olivier Godefroy, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Book: The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
  • Online publication: 10 October 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544880.005
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  • Aphasia in stroke
  • Edited by Olivier Godefroy, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Book: The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
  • Online publication: 10 October 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544880.005
Available formats
×