Institutions

1. A country's domestic and international monetary standards – be they metallic (gold, silver, or bimetallic) or paper – can differ, as can its effective and legal domestic standard (sections 1 and 4 of chapter 2).

2. A gold (or other metallic) standard involves both domestic and international conditions (sections 2 and 3 of chapter 2).

3. The monetary system of colonial times continued to exist in the United States to the mid-1790s, with no effective American mint until 1794 (sections 1 and 2 of chapter 3).

4. The gold value of the dollar was unchanged from 1837 to 1934 (section 2 of chapter 3).

5. The United States was formally bimetallic until 1873–1874, when silver was legally demonetized (section 3 of chapter 3).

6. Several kinds of US government or central bank paper currency convertible into coin on demand were authorized, between 1861 and 1913 (section 4 of chapter 3).

7. The important US Mint Acts, that determined coinage of private bullion and provision of gold bars, were in 1792, 1834, 1837, 1853, and 1882 (sections 5 and 6 of chapter 3).

8. Banks were a late development in American history, and were of four types: federal, private, state, and national (section 7 of chapter 3).

9. Disregarding paper standards, the United States was on an effective silver standard to 1834 and a gold standard thereafter (section 8 of chapter 3).

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