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19 - Organ printing

from Part III - Hydrogel scaffolds for regenerative medicine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2015

By
Tao Xu ,
Daniel Reyna-Soriano ,
Jorge I. Rodríguez-Dévora ,
Mohammod Bhuyan  and
Thomas Boland
Edited by
Peter X. Ma
Tao Xu
Affiliation:
University of Texas at El Paso
Daniel Reyna-Soriano
Affiliation:
University of Texas at El Paso
Jorge I. Rodríguez-Dévora
Affiliation:
University of Texas at El Paso
Mohammod Bhuyan
Affiliation:
University of Texas at El Paso
Thomas Boland
Affiliation:
University of Texas at El Paso
Peter X. Ma
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Introduction

Since the first successful organ transplantation with a kidney in 1954 [1], scientists have maintained the dream of being able to fabricate organs on request. Organogenesis – or the creation of organs from artificial manipulation of cells, materials, growth factors (GFs), and other organ elements – has been waiting for the appropriate technology to emerge. This futuristic technique should be capable of rebuilding the compositional and structural complexities of human tissues and organs. The recent development of bioprinting technologies (defined by their high resolution and high-speed construction) has revived interest in applying those emerging methods for organogenesis. The term “organ printing” has become standard since the 2000s [2–4]. It refers to the line of investigations related to the development of the technologies for the construction of three-dimensional (3D) structures based on the deposition of different cell lines and biochemical promoters.

Although individual tissue systems have been successfully engineered for various applications using the basic tissue engineering approach, the means for the building of complex tissues that consist of multiple cell and tissue components have not been established. This is due to various challenges encountered in the tissue building process. One of the challenges has been the inability to recreate the well-defined cellular configurations and functions of a native tissue. Living tissues contain multiple cell types and various extracellular materials arranged in specific patterns that are difficult to replicate in vitro. Thus, one important goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to develop a tissue fabrication method that allows specific control over the placement of various cells and matrices in three dimensions in order to mimic the complexity of native tissue architecture. Emerging “organ printing” or “bioprinting” methodologies are being investigated in order to create tissue-engineered constructs that initially have more defined spatial organization. The underlying hypothesis is that with these biomimetic patterns one can achieve improved therapeutic outcomes [5].

Type
Chapter
Information
Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine , pp. 332 - 374
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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