The National Science Foundation (NSF) has developed a culture that by funding projects they are making investments in research and education. Implicit in this notion is that NSF is a partner in the project. Thus, there is an added expectation of resources provided by the host institutions receiving the funding, as well as other stakeholders. A corollary of NSF’s expectation is the notion of sustainability of projects – that is, that some components of the project will continue after NSF funding ends (Inset 17.1; Oxford Living Dictionaries, 2019). The noun “sustainability” and adjective “sustainable” have dramatically increased in frequency and public awareness over the past several decades (e.g., UNESCO, 2010). A decade ago the notion of sustainability, or sustainable projects, likewise became more commonplace at NSF, but initially within a different context, that of sustainable science.