Chemical products are ubiquitous in the modern world. They offer many economic and societal benefits but can also present threats to human health and can cause pollution related to their manufacture and use. This revised third edition has been significantly updated to include the latest scientific tools and regulations. It begins by describing the principles and practices of epidemiology and toxicology, then proceeds to explain how this research is applied in practice to establish regulations needed to protect health and to develop risk assessment framework. It features an entirely new chapter on emerging risk assessment science, an expanded discussion of exposure science, and the most recent developments in law and regulation., Written in accessible language, Calculated Risks will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in risk assessment, toxicology or environmental chemistry, and to researchers, professionals and decision makers involved in chemical safety and regulation.