Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T01:34:30.037Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Roderick Floud
Affiliation:
London Metropolitan University
Paul Johnson
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramovitz, M. 1993. The search for the sources of growth: areas of ignorance, old and new. Journal of Economic History 53: 217–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abramovitz, M. and David, P. A. 1996. Convergence and delayed catch-up: productivity leadership and the waning of American exceptionalism. In Landau, R., Taylor, T. and Wright, G., eds., The Mosaic of Economic Growth. Stanford.Google Scholar
Abramovitz, M. and Eliasberg, V. F. 1957. The Growth of Public Employment in Great Britain. Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. 2001. The colonial origins of comparative development: an empirical investigation. American Economic Review 91: 1369–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ackrill, M. and Hannah, L. 2001. Barclays: The Business of Banking 1690–1996. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Afton, B. and Turner, M. E. 2000. The statistical base of agricultural performance in England and Wales. In Collins, 2000b.
Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. 1998. Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Aghion, P., Dewatripont, M. and Rey, P. 1997. Corporate governance, competition policy and industrial policy. European Economic Review 41: 797–805.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akerlof, G., Dickens, W. and Perry, G. 2000. Near-rational wage and price setting and the long-run Phillips curve. Brookings Paper on Economic Activity 1: 1–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alborn, T. L. 1998. Conceiving Companies: Joint Stock Politics in Victorian England.CrossRef
Aldcroft, D. H. 1964. The entrepreneur and the British economy 1870–1914. Economic History Review 17: 113–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aldcroft, D. H. 1970. The Inter-War Economy: Britain, 1919–1939. New York.Google Scholar
Aldcroft, D. H. 1975. Investment in and utilisation of manpower: Great Britain and her rivals, 1870–1914. In Ratcliffe, B. M., ed., Great Britain and her World, 1750–1915. Manchester.Google Scholar
Aldcroft, D. H., ed. 1968. The Development of British Industry and Foreign Competition. Glasgow.Google Scholar
Aldcroft, D. H. and Richardson, H. W. 1969. The British Economy 1870–1939.CrossRef
Alexander, D. 1970. Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution.
Alford, B. W. E. 1973. W. D. &.H. O. Wills and the Development of the U. K. Tobacco Industry, 1786–1965.
Alford, B. W. E. 1977. Penny cigarettes, oligopoly, and entrepreneurship in the UK tobacco industry in the late nineteenth century. In Supple, 1977.
Alford, B. W. E. 1996. Britain in the World Economy since 1880.
Allen, G. C. 1951. British Industries and their Organisation.
Allen, G. C. 1979. The British Disease: A Short Essay on the Nature and Causes of the Nation’s Lagging Wealth.
Allen, R. C. 1977. The peculiar productivity history of American blast furnaces, 1840–1913. Journal of Economic History 37: 605–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, R. C. 1979. International competition in iron and steel, 1850–1913. Journal of Economic History 39: 911–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, E. and Rosenberg, N. 1968. The Enfield arsenal in theory and history. Economic Journal 78: 827–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anand, Sudhir and Ravallion, Martin. 1993. Human development in poor countries: on the role of private incomes and public services. Journal of Economic Perspectives 7: 133–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, M. 1971. Family Structure in Nineteenth Century Lancashire. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Anderson, M. 1985. The emergence of the modern life cycle in Britain. Social History 10: 69–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, M. 1990. The social implications of demographic change. In Thompson, 1990b.
Anderson, M. 2000. Population growth and population regulation in nineteenth-century rural Scotland. In Bengtsson, T. and Saito, O., eds., Population and Economy: From Hunger to Modern Economic Growth. Oxford.Google Scholar
Anderson, M., ed. 1996. British Population History: From the Black Death to the Present Day. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Antwerp, W. C. 1913. The Stock Exchange from Within. New York.Google Scholar
Argles, M. 1964. South Kensington to Robbins: An Account of English Technical and Scientific Education since 1851.
Ark, B., Crafts, N., eds. 1996. Quantitative Aspects of Postwar European Economic Growth. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Armstrong, J. 1986. Hooley and the Bovril Company. Business History 28: 18–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, J. 1987. The role of coastal shipping in UK transport: an estimate of comparative shipping movements in 1910. Journal of Transport History 8: 158–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, J. 1990. The rise and fall of the company promoter and the financing of British industry. In Helton, and Cassis, 1990.
Armstrong, W. A. 1981. The trend of mortality in Carlisle between the 1780s and the 1840s: a demographic contribution to the standard of living debate. Economic History Review 34: 94–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Armytage, W. H. G. 1970. Four Hundred Years of Education, 2nd edn. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Arnold, A. J. 1999. Innovation, deskilling and profitability in the British machinetools industry: Alfred Herbert, 1887–1927. Journal of Industrial History 1: 50–71.Google Scholar
Arthur, W. B. 1989. Competing technologies and lock-in by historical small events. Economic Journal 99: 116–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arthur, W. B. 1988. Competing technologies: an overview. In Dosi, G., Freeman, C. and Nelson, R., eds., Technical Change and Economic Theory.Google Scholar
Ashby, J. and King, B. 1893. Statistics of some Midland villages. Economic Journal 3: 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashby, M. K. 1961. Joseph Ashby of Tysoe, 1859–1919: A Study of English Village Life. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Ashton, T. S. 1955. An Economic History of England: The Eighteenth Century. Manchester.Google Scholar
Attard, B. 2000. Making a market: the jobbers of the London Stock Exchange, 1800–1986. Financial History Review 7: 5–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagwell, P. and Armstrong, J. 1988. Coastal shipping. In Freeman, and Aldcroft, 1988.
Bain, G. S. and Price, R. 1980. Profiles of Union Growth. Oxford.Google Scholar
Baines, D. 1985. Migration in a Mature Economy: Emigration and Internal Migration in England and Wales, 1861–1900. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Baines, D. 1991. Emigration from Europe, 1815–1930.CrossRef
Baines, D. 1994. European emigration, 1815–1930: looking at the emigration decision again. Economic History Review 47: 525–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baines, D. and Johnson, P. 1999. Did they jump or were they pushed? The exit of older men from the London labor market, 1929–1931. Journal of Economic History 49: 949–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bairoch, P. 1982. International industrialization levels from 1750 to 1980. Journal of European Economic History 11: 269–333.Google Scholar
Bairoch, P. 1989. European trade policy, 1815–1914. In Mathias, and Pollard, 1989.
Baker, M. and Collins, M. 1999. English industrial distress before 1914 and the response of banks. European Review of Economic History 3: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakke, E. Wight. 1933. The Unemployed Man. New Haven, CT.Google Scholar
Balfour, 1929. Report of the Balfour Committee on Industry and Trade.
Bamberg, J. H. 1988. The rationalisation of the British cotton industry in the interwar years. Textile History 19: 83–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, T. C. 1977. The Glassmakers: Pilkington: The Rise of an International Company, 1826–1976.
Barna, T. 1945. Redistribution of Incomes through Public Finance in 1937.
Barnett, C. 1986. The Audit of War: The Illusion and Reality of Britain as a Great Nation.
Barro, R. J. 1999. Notes on growth accounting. Journal of Economic Growth 4: 119–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barro, R. J. and Sala-i-Martin, X. 1995. Economic Growth. New York.Google Scholar
Bartrip, P.W.J. 1998. Too little, too late? The Home Office and the asbestos industry regulations, 1931. Medical History 42: 421–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumol, W. J. 1967. Macroeconomics and unbalanced growth. American Economic Review 57: 415–26.Google Scholar
Baumol, W. J. 1988. Entrepreneurship, Management and the Structure of Payoffs. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Baumol, W. J. 1990. Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive and destructive. Journal of Political Economy 98: 893–921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, R. D. 1866. On railway extension and its results. Journal of the Statistical Society of London 29: 549–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, R. D. 1868. National Income: The United Kingdom.
Baysinger, B. and Tollison, R. D. 1980. Chaining Leviathan: the case of Gladstonian finance. History of Political Economy 12: 206–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bean, C. and Crafts, N. 1996. British economic growth since 1945: relative economic decline … and renaissance? In Crafts, and Toniolo, 1996.
Beenstock, M. and Warburton, P. 1986. Wages and unemployment in interwar Britain. Explorations in Economic History 23: 1653–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beenstock, M. and Warburton, P. 1991. The market for labor in interwar Britain. Explorations in Economic History 28: 287–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beilby, O. J. 1939. Changes in agricultural production in England and Wales. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 100: 62–73.Google Scholar
Bell, Lady Florence. 1907. At the Works: A Study of a Manufacturing Town.
Bellerby, J. R. 1953. The distribution of farm income in the UK, 1867–1938. Journal of the Proceedings of the Agricultural Economics Society 10: 127–44. Reprinted in Minchinton 1968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellerby, J. R. 1959. National and agricultural income in 1851. Economic Journal 69: 95–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, D. K. and Kochin, L. A. 1979. Searching for an explanation of unemployment in interwar Britain. Journal of Political Economy 87: 441–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berghoff, H. 1990. Public schools and the decline of the British economy. Past and Present 129: 148–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berghoff, H. 1995. Regional variations in provincial business biography: the case of Birmingham, Bristol and Manchester, 1870–1914. Business History 37: 64–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berghoff, H. and Moller, R. 1994. Tired pioneers and dynamic newcomers? A comparative essay on English and German entrepreneurial history, 1870–1914. Economic History Review 47: 262–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berle, A. A. and Means, G. C. 1933. The Modern Corporation and Private Property. New York.Google Scholar
Best, M. H. and Humphries, J. 1986. The City and industrial decline. In Elbaum, and Lazonick, 1986.
Beveridge, W. H. 1909. Unemployment: A Problem of Industry.
Beveridge, W. H. 1930. Unemployment: A Problem of Industry. 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Beveridge, W. H. 1936. An analysis of unemployment (part I). Economica 3: 357–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beveridge, W. H. 1944. Full Employment in a Free Society.
Bienefeld, M. A. 1972. Working Hours in British Industry: An Economic History.
,Board of Trade. 1947. Working Party Reports: Wool.
,Board of Trade. 1950. Census of Production.
Bogart, E. L. 1921. War Costs and their Financing: A Study of the Financing of the War and the After-War Problem of Debt and Taxation. New York.Google Scholar
Booth, A. 1987. Britain in the 1930s: a managed economy. Economic History Review 40: 499–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, A. E. and Glynn, S. 1975. Unemployment in the interwar period: a multiple problem. Journal of Contemporary History 10: 611–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, Charles. 1892. Life and Labour of the People in London.
Bowden, S. 1988. The consumer durables revolution in England, 1932–1938: a regional analysis. Explorations in Economic History 25: 42–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, S. 1990. Credit facilities and the growth of consumer demand for electric appliances in England in the 1930s. Business History 32: 52–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, S. 1991. Demand and supply constraints in the inter-war British car industry: did the manufacturers get it right?Business History 33: 241–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, S. and Higgins, D. M. 1998. Short-time working and price maintenance: collusive tendencies in the cotton-spinning industry, 1919–1939. Economic History Review 51: 319–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, S. and Higgins, D. M. 2000. Quiet successes and loud failures: the UK textile industries in the interwar years. Journal of Industrial History 3: 91–101.Google Scholar
Bowden, S. and Offer, A. 1994. Household appliances and the use of time: the United States and Britain since the 1920s. Economic History Review 47: 725–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, S. and Turner, P. 1993. The UK market and the market for consumer durables. Journal of Economic History 53: 244–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, S. and Turner, P. 1998. Uncertainty and the competitive decline of the British motor industry, 1945–1975. New Political Economy 3: 103–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowles, S. and Gintis, H. 1993. The revenge of homo economicus: contested exchange and the revival of political economy. Journal of Economic Perspectives 7: 83–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowley, A. L. 1904. Tests of national progress. Economic Journal 14: 457–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowley, A. L. 1937. Wages and Income in the United Kingdom since 1860. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Bowley, A. L. and Burnett-Hurst, A. R. 1915. Livelihood and Poverty: A Study in the Economic Conditions of Working-class Households in Northampton, Warrington, Stanley and Reading.
Bowley, A. L. and Burnett-Hurst, A. R. 1920. Economic Conditions of Working-class Households in Bolton, 1914: Supplementary Chapter to ‘Livelihood and Poverty’.
Bowley, A. L. and Hogg, M. H. 1925. Has Poverty Diminished?.
Boyce, G. 1992. 64thers, syndicates and stock promotions: information flows and fund-raising techniques of British shipowners before 1914. Journal of Economic History 52: 181–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, G. R. 1988. What did unions do in nineteenth-century Britain?Journal of Economic History 48: 319–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, G. R. 1997. Labour migration in southern and eastern England, 1861–1901. European Review of Economic History 1: 191–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, G. R. 1998. The influence of London on labour markets in southern England, 1830–1914. Social Science History 22: 257–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, G. R. Forthcoming. The evolution of unemployment relief before the adoption of National Insurance: Great Britain, 1834–1911. Journal of Interdisciplinary History.
Boyer, G. R. and Hatton, T. J. 1994. Regional labour market integration in England and Wales, 1850–1913. In Grantham, G. and MacKinnon, M., eds., Labour Market Evolution.Google Scholar
Boyer, G. R. and Hatton, T. J. 1997. Migration and labour market integration in late nineteenth-century England and Wales. Economic History Review 50: 697–734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, G. R. and Hatton, T. J. 2002. New estimates of British unemployment, 1870–1913. Journal of Economic History 62: 643–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brassley, P. 2000. Plant nutrition. In Collins, 2000b.Google Scholar
Briggs, Asa. 1963. Victorian Cities.
Broadberry, S. N. 1983. Unemployment in interwar Britain: a disequilibrium approach. Oxford Economic Papers 35: 463–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1983. Aggregate supply in interwar Britain. Economic Journal 96: 467–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1987. Cheap money and the housing boom in interwar Britain: an econometric appraisal. Manchester School 87: 378–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1988. Perspectives on consumption in interwar Britain. Applied Economics 20: 1465–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1993. Manufacturing and the convergence hypothesis: what the long-run data show. Journal of Economic History 53: 772–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1994a. Technological leadership and productivity leadership in manufacturing since the industrial revolution: implications for the convergence debate. Economic Journal 104: 291–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1994b. Why was unemployment in postwar Britain so low?Bulletin of Economic Research 46: 241–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1997a. Anglo-German productivity differences 1870–1990: a sectoral analysis. European Review of Economic History 1: 247–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1997b. Forging ahead, falling behind and catching-up: a sectoral analysis of Anglo-American productivity differences, 1870–1990. Research in Economic History 17: 1–37.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1997c. The Productivity Race: British Manufacturing in International Perspective, 1850–1990. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1998. How did the United States and Germany overtake Britain? A sectoral analysis of comparative productivity levels, 1870–1990. Journal of Economic History 58: 375–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 2003. Human capital and productivity performance: Britain, the United States and Germany, 1870–1990. In David, P. A. and Thomas, M., eds., Economic Challenges of the 21st Century in Historical Perspective. Oxford.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Crafts, N. F. R. 1990a. Explaining Anglo-American productivity differences in the mid-twentieth century. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 52: 375–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Crafts, N. F. R. 1990b. The impact of the depression of the 1930s on the productive potential of the United Kingdom. European Economic Review 34: 599–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Crafts, N. F. R. 1990c. The implications of British macroeconomic policy in the 1930s for long run growth performance. Rivista di Storia Economica 7: 1–19.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Crafts, N. F. R. 1992a. Britain’s productivity gap in the 1930s: some neglected factors. Journal of Economic History 52: 531–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Crafts, N. F. R. 1996. British economic policy and industrial performance in the early post-war period. Business History 38: 65–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Crafts, N. F. R. 2001. Competition and innovation in 1950s Britain. Business History 43: 97–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N., Crafts, N. F. R., eds. 1992b. Britain in the World Economy: Essays in Honour of Alec Ford. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Fremdling, R. 1990. Comparative productivity in British and German industry, 1907–1939. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 52: 403–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Ghosal, S. 2002. From the counting house to the modern office: explaining Anglo-American productivity differences in services, 1870–1990. Journal of Economic History 62: 967–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Wagner, K. 1996. Human capital and productivity in manufacturing during the twentieth century: Britain, Germany and the United States. In van Ark, and Crafts, 1996.Google Scholar
Broadbridge, S. 1970. Studies in Railway Expansion and the Capital Markets in England 1825–1873.
Brown, A. J. 1972. The Framework of Regional Economics in the United Kingdom. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Brown, K. D. 1971. Labour and Unemployment, 1900–1914. Newton Abbot.Google Scholar
Brown, M. 1966. On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Brown, R. L. and Easton, S. D. 1989. Weak–form efficiency in the nineteenth century: a study of daily prices in the London market for 3 per cent Consols, 1821–1860. Economica 56: 61–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brownlee, J. 1916. The history of the birth and death rates in England and Wales taken as a whole from 1570 to the present time. Public Health 19: 211–22 and 228–38.Google Scholar
Buchinsky, M. and Polak, B. 1993. The emergence of a national capital market in England, 1710–1880. Journal of Economic History 53: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, K. 1975. The Origins of British Industrial Relations.
Burk, K. 1989. Morgan Grenfell, 1838–1988: The Biography of a Merchant Bank. Oxford.Google Scholar
Burk, K., ed. 1982. War and the State: The Transformation of British Government, 1914–1919.Google Scholar
Burnett, John. 1986. A Social History of Housing 1815–1985. 2nd edn.
Burnett-Hurst, A. R. 1932. Lancashire and the Indian market. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 95: 395–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, E. M. 1941. British Unemployment Programs, 1920–1938. Washington DC.Google Scholar
Buxton, N. K. and Aldcroft, D. H. 1979. British Industry between the Wars. Whitstable.Google Scholar
Buxton, S. 1888. Finance and Politics: An Historical Study, 1783–1885. 2 vols.
Cage, R. A. 1994. Infant mortality rates and housing: twentieth century Glasgow. Scottish Economic and Social History 14: 77–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, P. J. 1988. Railways 1870–1914: the maturity of the private system. In Freeman, and Aldcroft, 1988.
Cain, P. J. 1998. Was it worth it? The British empire, 1850–1950. Rivista de Historia Economica, Ano XVI, No. 1, Invierno, 351–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, P. J. and Hopkins, A. G. 1987. Gentlemanly capitalism and British expansion overseas II: new imperialism, 1850–1945. Economic History Review 40: 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, P. J. and Hopkins, A. G. 1993. British Imperialism: Innovation and Expansion, 1688–1914.
Cain, P. J. and Hopkins, A. G. 2001. British Imperialism, 1688–2000. 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Cairncross, A. K. 1949. Internal migration in Victorian England. Manchester School 17: 67–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairncross, A. K. 1953. Home and Foreign Investment, 1870–1913. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Cairncross, A. K. and Eichengreen, B. 1983. Sterling in Decline. Oxford.Google Scholar
Calmfors, L. and Driffill, J. 1988. Bargaining structure, corporatism and macroeconomic performance. Economic Policy 6: 13–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, R. 1961. France and the Economic Development of Europe. Princeton.Google Scholar
Campbell, A. D. 1955. Changes in Scottish income 1924–1949. Economic Journal 65: 225–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, R. H. 1980. The Rise and Fall of Scottish Industry 1707–1939. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Cantwell, J. 1991. Historical trends in international patterns of technological innovation. In Foreman-Peck, 1991.
Capie, F. H. 1978. The British tariff and industrial protection in the 1930s. Economic History Review 31: 399–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capie, F. H. 1983. Depression and Protectionism: Britain between the Wars.
Capie, F. H. 1988. Structure and performance in British banking 1870–1939. In Cottrell, and Moggridge, 1988.
Capie, F. H. 1992. British economic fluctuations in the nineteenth century: is there a role for money? In Broadberry, and Crafts, 1992b.
Capie, F. H. 1995. Commercial banking in Britain. In Feinstein, 1995b.
Capie, F. H. and Collins, M. 1992. Have the Banks Failed British Industry?
Capie, F. H. and Collins, M. 1996. Industrial lending by English commercial banks, 1860s–1914: why did banks refuse loans?Business History 38: 26–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capie, F. H. and Collins, M. 1999. Banks, industry and finance, 1880–1914. Business History 41: 37–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capie, F. H. and Rodrik-Bali, G. 1982. Concentration in British banking, 1870–1920. Business History 24: 280–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capie, F. H. and Webber, A. 1985. A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870–1982.
Carnevali, F. and Scott, P. 1999. The Treasury as venture capitalist: DATAC industrial finance and the Macmillan gap. Financial History Review 6: 47–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrier, N. H. and Jeffery, J. R. 1953. External Migration: A Study of the Available Statistics, 1815–1950. General Register Office, Studies in Medical and Population Subjects No. 6.Google Scholar
Carr-Saunders, A. M., Caradog., Jones, D. 1937. A Survey of the Social Structure of England and Wales: As Illustrated by Statistics, 2nd edn. Oxford.Google Scholar
Carr-Saunders, A. M. and Wilson, P. A. 1933. The Professions. Oxford.Google Scholar
Cassis, Y. 1985. Bankers in English society in the late nineteenth century. Economic History Review 38: 210–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassis, Y. 1990. The emergence of a new financial institution: investment trusts in Britain, 1870–1939. In Helten, and Cassis, 1990.
Cassis, Y. 1997. Big Business: The European Experience in the Twentieth Century. Oxford.Google Scholar
Cassis, Y., Feldman, G. D. and Olsson, U., eds. 1995. The Evolution of Financial Institutions and Markets in Twentieth Century Europe. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Casson, M. 1999. The economics of the family firm. Scandinavian Economic History Review 47: 10–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, A. D. 1977. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. D. 1990. Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. assisted by Knight, R. 1953. Wages and Salaries in the United Kingdom, 1920–1938. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Chapman, S. D. 1984. The Rise of Merchant Banking.
Charles, R. 1973. The Development of Industrial Relations in Britain, 1911–1939.
Checkland, S. G. 1983. British Public Policy, 1776–1939: An Economic, Social and Political Perspective. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Church, R. 1979. Herbert Austin: The British Motor Car Industry to 1941.
Clapham, J. H. 1932. An Economic History of Modern Britain: Free Trade and Steel, 1850–1886. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Clapham, J. H. 1938. An Economic History of Modern Britain: Machines and National Rivalries, 1887–1914. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Clark, C. 1940. Conditions of Economic Progress.
Clarke, P. 1996. Hope and Glory: Britain 1900–1990.
Clavin, P. 2000. The Great Depression in Europe 1929–1939. New York.Google Scholar
Clay, H. 1929. The public regulation of wages in Great Britain. Economic Journal 39: 323–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clegg, H. A. 1970. The System of Industrial Relations in Great Britain. Oxford.Google Scholar
Clegg, H. A., Fox, A. and Thompson, A. F. 1964. A History of British Trade Unions since 1889, I.
Coale, A. J. and Cotts Watkins, S., eds. 1986. The Decline of Fertility in Europe.Google Scholar
Cole, G. D. H., ed. 1935. Studies in Capital and Investment.Google Scholar
Coleman, D. C. 1973. Gentlemen and players. Economic History Review 26: 92–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, D. C., Macleod, C. 1986. Attitudes to new techniques: British businessmen, 1800–1950. Economic History Review 39: 588–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, B., Robbins, K., eds. 1990. British Culture and Economic Decline.Google Scholar
Collins, E. J. T. 1975. Dietary change and cereal consumption in Britain in the nineteenth century. Agricultural History Review 23: 97–115.Google Scholar
Collins, E. J. T. 2000a. Agriculture in the industrial state. In Collins, 2000b.
Collins, E. J. T., ed. 2000b. The Agrarian History of England and Wales, VII: 1850–1914. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Collins, E. J. T. and Jones, E. L. 1967. Sectoral advance in English agriculture, 1850–80. Agricultural History Review 15: 65–81.Google Scholar
Collins, M. 1989. The banking crisis of 1878. Economic History Review 42: 504–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, M. 1990. English bank lending and the financial crisis of the 1870s. Business History 32: 198–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, M. 1991. Banks and Industrial Finance in Britain, 1870–1939. Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, M. 1994. The growth of the firm in the domestic banking sector. In Kirby, and Rose, 1994.
Collins, M. 1995. Banks and Industrial Finance in Britain, 1800–1939. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Collins, M. 1998. English bank development within a European context, 1870–1939. Economic History Review 51: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, M. and Baker, M. 1999. English industrial distress before 1914 and the response of the banks. European Review of Economic History 3: 1–24.Google Scholar
Collins, M. and Baker, M. 2001. Sectoral differences in English bank asset structures and the impact of mergers, 1860–1913. Business History 43: 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Committee on Industry and Trade, 1927. Report.
,Committee on Industry and Trade, 1928. Survey of the Textile Industries.
Constantine, S. 1990. Emigrants and Empire: British Settlement in the Dominions between the Wars. Manchester.Google Scholar
Coopey, R. and Clarke, D. 1995. 3i: Fifty Years Investing in Industry. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copeman, G. H. 1955. Leaders of British Industry.
Coppock, D. J. 1956. The climacteric of the 1890s: a critical note. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 24: 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coppock, D. J. 1961. The causes of the great depression, 1873–1896. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 29: 205–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coppock, J. T. 1976. The changing face of England: 1850–circa 1900. In Darby, 1976.
Corner, D. L. and Burton, H. 1963. Investment Trusts and Unit Trusts in Britain and America.
Cottrell, P. L. 1975. British Overseas Investment in the Nineteenth Century.CrossRef
Cottrell, P. L. 1980. Industrial Finance, 1830–1914: The Finance and Organization of English Manufacturing Industry.
Cottrell, P. L. 1981. The steamship on the Mersey, 1815–80: investment and ownership. In Cottrell, P. L. and Aldcroft, D. H., eds., Shipping Trade and Commerce: Essays in Memory of Ralph Davis. Leicester.Google Scholar
Cottrell, P. L. 1988. Credit, morals and sunspots: the financial boom of the 1860s and trade cycle theory. In Cottrell, and Moggridge, 1988.
Cottrell, P. L. 1992a. The domestic commercial banks and the City of London, 1870–1939. In Cassis, Y., ed., Finance and Financiers in European History 1880–1960. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Cottrell, P. L. 1992b. Liverpool shipowners, the Mediterranean, and the transition from sail to steam during the mid-nineteenth century. In Fischer, L., ed., From Wheel House to Counting House: Essays in Maritime History in Honour of Professor Peter Davies, Research in Maritime History, 2.Google Scholar
Cottrell, P. L. 1997. Finance and the germination of the British corporate economy. In Cottrell, et al. 1997.Google Scholar
Cottrell, P. L. 2002. Britannia’s sovereign: banks in the finance of British shipbuilding and shipping, c. 1830–1894. In Akveld, L. M., Loomeijer, F. R. and Hahn–Pedersen, M., eds., Financing the Maritime Sector: Proceedings from the Fifth North Sea History Conference, Rotterdam 1997. Esbjerg.Google Scholar
Cottrell, P. L. and Moggridge, D. E., eds. 1988. Money and Power: Essays in Honour of L. S. Pressnell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cottrell, P. L. and Newton, L. 1999. Banking liberalization in England and Wales, 1826–1844. In Sylla, R., Tilly, R. and Tortella, G., eds., The State, the Financial System and Economic Modernization. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Cottrell, P., Teichova, A., Yuzawa, T., eds. 1997. Finance in the Age of the Corporate Economy. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Court, W. H. B. 1945. Problems of the British coal industry beween the wars. Economic History Review 15: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1979. Victorian Britain did fail. Economic History Review 32: 533–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1985. British Economic Growth during the Industrial Revolution. Oxford.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1987. Long–term unemployment in Britain in the 1930s. Economic History Review 40: 85–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1988. The assessment: British economic growth over the long run. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 4: 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1989a. Long–term unemployment and the wage equation in Britain 1925–1939. Economica 56: 247–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1989b. Revealed comparative advantage in manufacturing, 1899–1950. Journal of European Economic History 18: 127–37.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1995. Exogenous or endogenous growth? The industrial revolution reconsidered. Journal of Economic History 55: 745–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1997a. Some dimensions of the ‘quality of life’ during the British industrial revolution. Economic History Review 50: 617–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1997b. The human development index and changes in standards of living: some historical comparisons. European Review of Economic History 1: 299–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1998. Forging ahead and falling behind: the rise and relative decline of the first industrial nation. Journal of Economic Perspectives 122: 193–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 1999. Economic growth in the twentieth century. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 15: 18–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. 2002. Britain’s Relative Economic Performance, 1870–1999.
Crafts, N. F. R., Leybourne, S. J. and Mills, T. C. 1989. The climacteric in late-Victorian Britain and France: a reappraisal of the evidence. Journal of Applied Econometrics 4: 103–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. and Mills, T. C. 1996a. Europe’s golden age: an econometric investigation of changing trend rates of growth. In Ark, and Crafts, 1996.
Crafts, N. F. R. and Mills, T. C. 1996b. Trend growth in British industrial output, 1700–1913: a reappraisal. Explorations in Economic History 33: 277–95.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. and Thomas, M. 1986. Comparative advantage in UK manufacturing trades, 1910–1935. Economic Journal 96: 629–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R., Toniolo, G., eds. 1996. Economic Growth in Europe since 1945. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craigie, P. G. 1883. Statistics of agricultural production. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 46: 1–47.Google Scholar
Cramond, R. D. 1966. Housing Policy in Scotland 1919–1964: A Study in State Assistance. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Crisp, O. 1967. Russia, 1860–1914. In Cameron, R., ed., Banking in the Early Stages of Industrialization. Oxford.Google Scholar
Cronin, J. E. 1991. The Politics of State Expansion: War, State and Society in Twentieth-Century Britain.
Crouch, C. 1993. Industrial Relations and European State Traditions. Oxford.Google Scholar
Crouzet, F. 1982. The Victorian Economy.
Crowther, M. A. 1981. The Workhouse System 1834–1929: The History of an English Social Institution.
Damer, S. 1980. State, class and housing: Glasgow 885–1919. In Melling, 1980b.
Daniels, G. W. and Jewkes, J. 1928. The post-war depression and the Lancashire cotton industry. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 91: 153–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darby, H. C., ed. 1976. A New Historical Geography of England after 1600. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, P. and Weale, M. 1992. On measuring the quality of life. World Development 20: 119–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daunton, M. J. 2001. Trusting Leviathan: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1799–1914. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Daunton, M. J. 2002. Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914–1979. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daunton, M. J., ed. 2000. The Cambridge Urban History of Britain, III: 1840–1950. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Davenport–Hines, R. P. T. 1984. Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of a Trade Warrior. Cambridge.Google Scholar
David, P. A. 1975. Technical Choice, Innovation and Economic Growth. Cambridge.Google Scholar
David, P. A. 1985. Clio and the economics of QWERTY. American Economic Review 75: 332–7.Google Scholar
David, P. A. and Wright, G. 1997. Increasing returns and the genesis of American resource abundance. Industrial and Corporate Change 6: 203–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, M. F. 1909. Life in an English Village.
Davis, L. E. 1966. The capital markets and industrial concentration: the U.S. and the U.K., a comparative study. Economic History Review 19: 255–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, L. E. and Gallman, R. E. 2001. Evolving Financial Markets and International Capital Flows. Cambridge and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, L. E. and Huttenback, R. A. 1986. Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire: The Political Economy of British Imperialism, 1860–1912. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Davis, L. E., Hughes, J. R. T. and McDougall, D. M. 1969. American Economic History, 3rd edn. Homewood, IL.Google Scholar
Dearle, N. B. 1908. Problems of Unemployment in the London Building Trades.
Dennet, L. 1979. The Charterhouse Group, 1925–1979: A History.
Dent, H. C. 1970. 1870–1970: Century of Growth in English Education.
Devine, T. M. 1999. The Scottish Nation 1700–2000.
Dewey, P. E. 1975. Agricultural labour supply in England and Wales during the First World War. Economic History Review 28: 100–12.Google Scholar
Dewey, P. E. 1989. British Agriculture in the First World War.
Dewey, P. E. 1991. Production problems in British agriculture during the First World War. In Holderness, and Turner, 1991.
Dewey, P. E. 2000. Farm labour. In Collins, 2000b.
Diamond, D. W. 1984. Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring. Review of Economic Studies 51: 393–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diaper, S. 1986. Merchant banking in the interwar period: the case of Kleinwort, Sons and Co. Business History 28: 56–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diaper, S. 1990. The Sperling Combine and the shipbuilding industry: merchant banking and industrial finance in the 1920s. In Helten, and Cassis, 1990.
Dietrich, M. 1997. Strategic lock-in as a human issue: the role of professional orientation. In Magnusson, L. and Ottosson, J., eds., Evolutionary Economics and Path Dependence. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Digby, A. and Searby, P. 1981. Children, School and Society in Nineteenth-Century England.
Dimsdale, N. H. 1981. British monetary policy and the exchange rate. Oxford Economic Papers 33: 306–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimsdale, N. H. 1984. Unemployment and real wages in the inter–war period. National Institute Economic Review 110: 94–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimsdale, N. H. and Horsewood, N. 1995. Fiscal policy and employment in interwar Britain: some evidence from a new model. Oxford Economic Papers 47: 369–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimsdale, N. H., Nickell, S. J. and Horsewood, N. 1989a. Employment and wage flexibility in interwar Britain. University of Oxford, Institute of Economics and Statistics, applied economics discussion paper 71.
Dimsdale, N. H., Nickell, S. J. and Horsewood, N. 1989b. Real wages and unemployment in Britain during the 1930s. Economic Journal 99: 271–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixit, A. 1992. Investment and hysteresis. Journal of Economic Perspectives 6: 107–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixit, A. and Pindyck, R. S. 1994. Investment under Uncertainty. Princeton.Google Scholar
Dobbin, F. 1994. Forging Industrial Policy: The United States, Britain and France in the Railway Age. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowd, K. 1996. Competition and Finance: A Reinterpretation of Financial and Monetary Economics. Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowie, J. A. 1968. Growth in the interwar period: some more arithmetic. Economic History Review 21: 93–112.Google Scholar
Dowie, J. A. 1975. 1919–20 is in need of attention. Economic History Review 28: 429–50.Google Scholar
Drescher, L. 1955. The development of agricultural production in Great Britain and Ireland from the early nineteenth century. Manchester School 23: 153–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drummond, I. 1974. Imperial Economic Policy 1917–1939: Studies in Expansion and Protection.CrossRef
Dunlop, J. T. 1938. The movement of real and money wage rates. Economic Journal 48: 413–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunning, J. H. 1983. Changes in the level and structure of international production: the last one hundred years. In Casson, M., ed., The Growth of International Business.Google Scholar
Dutton, H. I. 1984. The Patent System and Inventive Activity. Manchester.Google Scholar
Easterlin, R. A. 1981. Why isn’t the whole world developed?Journal of Economic History 41: 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebery, M. and Preston, B. 1972. Domestic service in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain, 1871–1914. Geographical Papers, 42. Reading.Google Scholar
,Economic Advisory Council 1930. ,Committee on the Cotton Industry, Report Cmd 3615.
Edelstein, M. 1976. Realized rates of return on UK home and foreign investment in the age of high imperialism. Explorations in Economic History 13: 283–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edelstein, M. 1982. Overseas Investment in the Age of High Imperialism: The UK1850–1914.
Edgerton, D. E. H. 1994. British industrial R & D, 1900–1970. Journal of European Economic History 23: 49–67.Google Scholar
Edgerton, D. E. H. 1996. Science, Technology and the British Industrial ‘Decline’, 1870–1970. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Edgerton, D. E. H. and Horrocks, S. M. 1994. British industrial research and development before 1945. Economic History Review 47: 213–38.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. D. 1978. History of Public Accounting in the United States. Tuscaloosa, AL.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. R. 1989. A History of Financial Accounting.
Edwards, J. R.Fischer, K. 1993. Banks, Finance and Investment in Germany. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. R. and Ogilvie, S. 1996. Universal banks and German industrialisation: a reappraisal. Economic History Review 49: 427–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eichengreen, B. 1987. Unemployment in interwar Britain: dole or doldrums?Oxford Economic Papers 39: 597–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eichengreen, B. 1992. Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1939. NewYork.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, B. 1994. The inter-war economy in a European mirror. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.
Eichengreen, B. 1996. Institutions and economic growth: Europe after World War II. In Crafts, and Toniolo, 1996.
Eichengreen, B.Hatton, T. J., eds. 1988. Interwar Unemployment in International Perspective. Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, B. and Jeanne, O. 2000. Currency crisis and unemployment: sterling in 1931. In Krugman, P., ed., Currency Crises. Chicago.Google Scholar
Elbaum, B. 1989. Why apprenticeship persisted in Britain but not in the United States. Journal of Economic History 49: 337–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elbaum, B.Lazonick, W., eds. 1986. The Decline of the British Economy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Emy, H. V. 1972. The impact of financial policy on English party politics before 1914. Historical Journal 15: 103–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engerman, , Stanley, , 1997. The standard of living debate in international perspective: measures and indicators. In Steckel, and Floud, 1997.
Erickson, C. 1972. Who were the English and Scottish emigrants in the 1880s? In Glass, D. V. and Revelle, R., eds., Population and Social Change.Google Scholar
Estevadeordal, A., Frantz, B. and Taylor, A. M. 2002. The rise and fall of world trade, 1870–1939. NBER, Cambridge, MA, working paper 9318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairlie, S. 1965. The nineteenth-century corn law reconsidered. Economic History Review 18: 562–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairlie, S. 1969. The corn laws and British wheat production, 1829–76. Economic History Review 22: 88–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farnie, D. A. 1979. The English Cotton Industry and the World Market, 1815–1896. Oxford.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1965. Domestic Capital Formation in the United Kingdom, 1920–1938. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1972. National Income, Expenditure and Output in the UK, 1855–1965. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1976. Statistical Tables of National Income, Expenditure and Output in the UK, 1855–1965. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1988a. Agriculture. In Feinstein, and Pollard, 1988.
Feinstein, C. H. 1988b. National statistics, 1760–1920. In Feinstein, and Pollard, 1988.
Feinstein, C. H. 1990a. Benefits of backwardness and costs of continuity. In Graham, A. and Seldon, A., eds., Government and Economies in the Postwar World: Economic Policies and Comparative Performance, 1945–1985.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1990b. Britain’s overseas investments in 1913. Economic History Review 43: 288–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1990c. New estimates of average earnings in the United Kingdom, 1880–1913. Economic History Review 43: 595–632.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1990d. What really happened to real wages?: trends in wages, prices, and productivity in the United Kingdom, 1880–1913. Economic History Review 43: 329–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1991a. A new look at the cost of living 1870–1914. In Foreman-Peck, 1991.
Feinstein, C. H. 1991b. Variety and volatility: some aspects of the labour market in Britain, 1880–1913. In Holmes, C. and Booth, A., eds., Economy and Society: European Industrialisation and its Social Consequences. Leicester.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1995a. Changes in nominal wages, the cost of living and real wages in the United Kingdom over the two centuries, 1780–1990. In Scholliers, P. and Zamagni, V., eds., Labour’s Reward: Real Wages and Economic Change in 19th- and 20th-century Europe. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H., ed. 1995b. Banking, Currency and Finance in Europe between the Wars.Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinstein, C. H., Matthews, R. C. O. and Odling-Smee, J. C. 1982. The timing of the climacteric and its sectoral incidence in the UK, 1873–1913. In Kindleberger, and di Tella, 1982.
Feinstein, C. H., Pollard, S., eds. 1988. Studies in Capital Formation in the United Kingdom, 1750–1920. Oxford.Google Scholar
Field, A. J. 1985. On the unimportance of machinery. Explorations in Economic History 22: 378–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fieldhouse, D. K. 1973. Economics and Empire, 1830–1914.
Finnie, D. 1931. Finding Capital for Business.
Fisher, A. G. B. 1952. A note on tertiary production. Economic Journal 62: 820–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishlow, Albert. 1961. The Trustee Savings Banks, 1817–1861. Journal of Economic History 21: 26–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzgerald, R. 1995. Rowntree and the Marketing Revolution 1862–1969. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Flanagan, R. J., Soskice, D. W. and Ulman, L. 1983. Unionism, Economic Stability and Incomes Policies: The European Experience. Washington DC.Google Scholar
Fletcher, T. W. 1961a. The great depression of English agriculture, 1873–1896. Economic History Review 13: 417–32. Reprinted in Minchinton 1968 and Perry 1973.Google Scholar
Fletcher, T. W. 1961b. Lancashire livestock farming during the great depression. Agricultural History Review 9: 17–42. Reprinted in Perry 1973.Google Scholar
Flinn, M. W., ed. 1977. Scottish Population History from the Seventeenth Century to the 1930s. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Flora, P. and Alber, J. 1981. Modernization, democratization and the development of welfare states in western Europe. In Flora, P. and Heidenheimer, A. J., eds., The Development of the Welfare States in Europe and America. New Brunswick, NJ.Google Scholar
Florence, P. S. 1953. The Logic of British and American Industry.
Florence, P. S. 1957. Industry and the State.
Floud, R. 1982. Technical education and economic performance: Britain 1850–1914. Albion 14: 153–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floud, R. 1998. Height, Weight and Body Mass of the British Population since 1820. NBER, Cambridge, MA, working paper series on historical factors in long run growth, historical paper 108.
Floud, Roderick and Harris, Bernard. 1997. Health, height and welfare: Britain, 1700–1980. In Steckel, and Floud, 1997.
Floud, R., McCloskey, D. N., eds. 1981. The Economic History of Britain since 1700, 1st edn., Cambridge.Google Scholar
Floud, R., McCloskey, D. N., eds. 1994. The Economic History of Britain since 1700, 2nd edn., Cambridge.Google Scholar
Floud, Roderick, Wachter, Kenneth, Gregory, Annabel. 1990. Height, Health and History: Nutritional Status in the United Kingdom, 1750–1980. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogel, Robert W. 1991. The conquest of high mortality and hunger in Europe and America: timing and mechanisms. In Higonnet, Patrice, David, S. Landes and Rosovsky, H., eds., Favorites of Fortune: Technology, Growth, and Economic Development since the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Fohlin, C. 1997. Bank securities holdings and industrial finance before World War I: Britain and Germany compared. Business and Economic History 26: 463–75.Google Scholar
Fohlin, C. 1999. The rise of interlocking directorates in imperial Germany. Economic History Review 52: 307–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fohlin, C. 2001. The balancing act of German universal banks and English deposit banks. Business History 43: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ford, P. 1934. Work and Wealth in a Modern Port: An Economic Survey of Southampton.
Foreman-Peck, J. S. 1979. Tariff protection and economies of scale: the British motor industry before 1939. Oxford Economic Papers 31: 237–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. S. 1981a. The British tariff and industrial protection in the 1930s: an alternative model. Economic History Review 34: 132–9.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. S. 1981b. Exit, voice and loyalty as responses to interwar decline: the Rover company in the interwar years. Business History 23: 191–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. S. 1982. The American challenge of the twenties: multinationals and the European motor industry. Journal of Economic History 42: 865–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. S. 1994. Industry and industrial organisation in the inter-war years. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. S., ed. 1991. New Perspectives on the Late Victorian Economy. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. S., Boccaletti, S. E. and Nicholas, T. 1998. Entrepreneurs and business performance in nineteenth century France. European Review of Economic History 2: 235–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. S. and Hannah, L. 1999. Britain: from economic liberalism to socialism – and back? In Foreman-Peck, J. S. and Federico, G., eds., European Industrial Policy: The Twentieth-Century Experience. Oxford.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. S. and Millward, R. 1994. Public and Private Ownership of British Industry, 1820–1990. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, John. 1974. Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution: Early Industrial Capitalism in Three English Towns.CrossRef
Fox, R., Guagnini, A., eds. 1993. Education, Technology and Industrial Performance in Europe, 1850–1939. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Foxwell, H. S. 1917. The financing of industry and trade. Economic Journal 27: 502–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foxwell, H. S., ed. 1919. Papers on Current Finance.
Frankel, M. 1957. British and American Manufacturing Productivity. Urbana, IL.Google Scholar
Frankel, S. H. 1967. Investment and the Return to Equity Capital in the South African Gold Mining Industry, 1887–1965. Oxford.Google Scholar
Fraser, H. F. 1933. Great Britain and the Gold Standard.
Freeman, Mark. 2000. Investigating rural poverty 1870–1914: problems of conceptualisation and methodology. In Bradshaw, J. and Sainsbury, R., eds., Getting the Measure of Poverty: The Early Legacy of Seebohm Rowntree. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. J., Aldcroft, D. H., eds. 1988. Transport in the Victorian Age. Manchester.Google Scholar
French, M. and Phillips, J. 2000. Cheated not Poisoned?: Food Regulation in the United Kingdom, 1875–1938. Manchester.Google Scholar
Freyer, T. A. 1992. Regulating Big Business: Antitrust in Great Britain and America, 1880–1990. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedlander, D. 1992. Occupational structure, wages and migration in late nineteenth century England and Wales. Economic Development and Cultural Change 40: 295–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fry, G. K. 1979. The Growth of Government: The Development of Ideas about the Role of the State and the Machinery and Functions of Government in Britain since 1780.
Gallagher, J. and Robinson, R. 1953. The imperialism of free trade. Economic History Review 6: 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, A. M. 1990. Britain in Decline: Economic Policy, Political Strategy and the British State, 3rd edn.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, A. M. 2000. Economic governance. In Pierre, J., ed., Debating Governance: Authority, Steering and Democracy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Garrett, E., Reid, A.Schurer, K. and Szreter, S. 2001. Changing Family Size in England and Wales: Place, Class and Demography, 1891–1911. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garside, W. R. 1979. The Measurement of Unemployment: Methods and Sources, 1850–1979. Oxford.Google Scholar
Garside, W. R. 1990. British Unemployment 1919–39: A Study in Public Policy. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garside, W. R. and Greaves, J. I. 1996. The Bank of England and industrial intervention in interwar Britain. Financial History Review 3: 69–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garside, W. R. and Hatton, T. J. 1985. Keynesian policy and British unemployment in the 1930s. Economic History Review 38: 83–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gartner, L. P. 1960. The Jewish Immigrant in England, 1870–1914. Detroit, MI.Google Scholar
Gazeley, Ian. 1989. The cost of living for urban workers in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. Economic History Review 42: 207–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gazeley, Ian. 2003. Poverty in Britain, 1900–1965.CrossRef
Gemmell, N. and Wardley, P. 1990. The contribution of services to British economic growth, 1856–1913. Explorations in Economic History 27: 299–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerschenkron, A. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Gilb, C. L. 1966. Hidden Hierarchies: The Professions and Government. New York.Google Scholar
Gilbert, B. B. 1966. The Evolution of National Insurance in Great Britain: The Origins of the Welfare State.
Gilbert, B. 1970. British Social Policy, 1914–1939.
Glass, D. V. 1938. Changes in fertility in England and Wales, 1851–1931. In Hogben, L., ed. Political Arithmetic.Google Scholar
Glucksmann, M. 1990. Women Assemble: Women Workers and the New Industries in Inter-war Britain.
Glynn, S. and Booth, A. 1992. The emergence of mass unemployment: some questions of precision. Economic History Review 45: 731–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godley, A. 1996. Immigrant entrepreneurs and the emergence of London’s East End as an industrial district. London Journal 21: 38–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldin, C. 1998. America’s graduation from high school: the evolution and spread of secondary schooling in the twentieth century. Journal of Economic History 58: 345–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldin, C. 2001. The human-capital century and American leadership: virtues of the past. Journal of Economic History 61: 263–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldin, C. and Katz, L. 1996. Technology, skill, and the wage structure: insights from the past. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 86: 252–7.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, R. W. 1966. The Determinants of Financial Structure. Paris.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, R. W. 1969. Financial Structure and Development. New Haven, CT.Google Scholar
Goldthorpe, J. H. 2000. On Sociology: Numbers, Narratives, and the Integration of Research and Theory. Oxford.Google Scholar
Goodhart, C. A. E. 1972 (1986). The Business of Banking, 1890–1914.
Goodhart, C. A. E. 1989. Money, Information and Uncertainty, 2nd edn.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, P., Aldrich, R. and Dean, D. 1991. Education and Policy in England in the Twentieth Century.
Gosden, P. H. J. H. 1961. The Friendly Societies in England, 1815–1875. Manchester.Google Scholar
Gourvish, T. R. 1979. The standard of living, 1890–1914. In O’Day, Alan, ed., The Edwardian Age: Conflict and Stability, 1900–1914.Google Scholar
Gourvish, T. R. 1980. Railways and the British economy, 1830–1914.CrossRef
Gourvish, T. R. 1987. British business and the transition to a corporate economy: entrepreneurship and management structures. Business History 29: 18–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gowers, R. and Hatton, T. J. 1997. The origins and early impact of the minimum wage in agriculture. Economic History Review 50: 82–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, A. T. K. 1967. A Study of the Capital Market in Britain from 1919–1936, 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Gray, R. Q. 1976. The Labour Aristocracy in Victorian Edinburgh. Oxford.Google Scholar
Gray, R. Q. 1981. The Aristocracy of Labour in Nineteenth-Century Britain, c. 1850–1914.CrossRef
Greasley, D. and Oxley, L. 1995. Balanced versus compromise estimates of UK GDP 1870–1913. Explorations in Economic History 32: 262–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greasley, D., 1996. Discontinuities in competitiveness: the impact of the First World War on British industry. Economic History Review 49: 82–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Great Britain, Board of Trade. 1915. Seventeenth Abstract of Labour Statistics.
,Great Britain, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. 1987. Mortality Statistics: Review of the Registrar General on Deaths in England and Wales, 1985. Series DH1 no. 17.
Greaves, J. I. 2000. ‘Visible hands’ and the rationalisation of the British cotton industry. Textile History 31: 102–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, A. and Urquhart, M. C. 1976. Factor and commodity flows in the international economy of 1870–1914: a multi-country view. Journal of Economic History 36: 217–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, E. 1985. Very private enterprise: ownership and finance in British shipping, 1925–1940. In Yui, T. and Kakagawa, K., eds., Business History of Shipping: Strategy and Structure. Tokyo.Google Scholar
Greenleaf, W. H. 1983. The British Political Tradition, I: The Rise of Collectivism.
Greenwood, Walter. 1933. Love on the Dole.
Grossman, R. S. 1994. The shoe that didn’t drop: explaining banking stability during the great depression. Journal of Economic History 54: 654–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, R. S. 1999. Rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic: English banking concentration and efficiency, 1870–1914. European Review of Economic History 3: 323–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grove, J. W. 1962. Government and Industry in Britain.
Guinnane, T. W. 2002. Delegated monitors large and small: Germany’s banking system, 1800–1914. Journal of Economic Literature 40: 73–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunn, S. 1988. The ‘failure’ of the Victorian middle class: a critique. In Wolff, J. and Seed, J., eds., The Culture of Capital. Manchester.Google Scholar
Gunter, C. and Maloney, J. 1999. Did Gladstone make a difference?: rhetoric and reality in mid-Victorian finance. Accounting, Business and Financial History 9: 325–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habakkuk, H. J. 1962. American and British Technology in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Habakkuk, H. J. 1994. Marriage, Debt, and the Estates System: English Landownership 1650–1950. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagen, E. E. 1962. On the Theory of Social Change. Homewood, IL.Google Scholar
Hall, A. R. 1963. The London Capital Market and Australia 1870–1914. Canberra.Google Scholar
Hall, Peter. 1976. England circa 1900. In Darby, 1976.Google Scholar
Hall, P. A. 1986. Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Halsey, A. H., ed. 1988. Trends in British Society since 1900: A Guide to the Changing Social Structure of Britain, 2nd edn.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, L. 1974. Takeover bids in Britain before 1950. Business History 16: 65–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, L. 1976. The Rise of the Corporate Economy.
Hannah, L. 1983. The Rise of the Corporate Economy, 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Hannah, L. and Kay, J. 1977. Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience.CrossRef
Hardach, G. 1977. The First World War, 1914–1918.
Harley, C. K. 1974. Skilled labour and the choice of technique in Edwardian industry. Explorations in Economic History 11: 391–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harley, C. K. 1976. Goschen’s conversion of the national debt and the yield on Consols. Economic History Review 29: 101–6.Google Scholar
Harley, C. K. 1980. Transportation, the world wheat trade and Kuznets cycle. Explorations in Economic History 17: 218–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harley, C. K. 1986. Late nineteenth century transportation, trade and settlement. In Schneider, J., ed., The Emergence of a World Economy, 1500–1914, II: 1850–1914. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Harley, C. K. 1989. Review of Kennedy, William P., Industrial Structure, Capital Markets and Origins of British Economic Decline. American Historical Review 94: 1380.
Harley, C. K. 1992. The world food economy and pre World War I Argentina. In Broadberry, and Crafts, 1992b.
Harley, C. K., ed. 1995. The Integration of the World Economy, 1850?1914. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Harley, C. K. and Crafts, N. F. R. 2000. Simulating the two views of the industrial revolution. Journal of Economic History 60: 819–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harling, P. 2001. The Modern British State: An Historical Introduction. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Harnetty, P. 1972. Imperialism and Free Trade: Lancashire and India in the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Vancouver.Google Scholar
Harris, B. 1988. Unemployment, insurance and health in interwar Britain. In Eichengreen, and Hatton, 1988.
Harris, J. 1972. Unemployment and Politics 1886–1914: A Study of English Social Policy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Harris, J. 1990a. Economic knowledge and British social policy. In Furner, M. O. and Supple, B. E., eds., The State and Economic Knowledge: The American and British Experiences. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Harris, J. 1990b. Society and state in twentieth-century Britain. In Thompson, 1990b.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, A. E. 1981. Joint-stock company flotation in the cycle, motor-vehicle and related industries, 1882?1914. Business History 23: 165–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, A. E. 1982. F. Hopper & Co.: the problems of capital supply in the cycle manufacturing industry 1891–1914. Business History 24: 3–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, O. 1995. Firms, Contracts and Financial Structure. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartmann, H. 1959. Authority and Organization in German Management. Westport, CT.Google Scholar
Hartwell, R. M. 1973. The service revolution: the growth of services in the modern economy. In Cipolla, C., ed., The Industrial Revolution, 1750–1914.Google Scholar
Harvie, C. 1994. Scotland and Nationalism: Scottish Society and Politics 1707–1994.
Hatton, T. J. 1983. Unemployment benefits and the macroeconomics of the interwar labour market: a further analysis. Oxford Economic Papers 35: 486–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, T. J. 1985. The British labour market in the 1920s: a test of the search-turnover approach. Explorations in Economic History 22: 257–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, T. J. 1986. Structural aspects of unemployment in Britain between the world wars. Research in Economic History 10: 55–92.Google Scholar
Hatton, T. J. 1988a. Profit sharing in British industry, 1865–1913. Journal of Industrial Organisation 6: 69–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, T. J. 1988b. A quarterly model of the labour market in interwar Britain. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 50: 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, T. J. 1990. The demand for British exports, 1870–1914. Economic History Review 43: 576–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, T. J. 1997. Trade boards and minimum wages, 1909–39. Economic Affairs 17: 22–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, T. J. and Bailey, R. E. 1998. Poverty and the welfare state in interwar London. Oxford Economic Papers 50: 576–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, T. J. and Bailey, R. E. 2002. Unemployment incidence in interwar London. Economica 69: 631–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, T. J. and Williamson, J. G. 1998. The Age of Mass Migration: An Economic Analysis. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hawke, G. R. 1970. Railways and Economic Growth in England and Wales, 1840–1870. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hawke, G. R. and Higgins, J. P. P. 1981. Transport and social overhead capital. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1981.
Hay, J. R. 1975. The Origins of the Liberal Welfare Reforms 1906–1914.CrossRef
Haydu, J. 1988. Employers, unions, and American exceptionalism: pre-World War I open shops in the machine trades in comparative perspective. International Review of Social History 33: 25–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heim, C. 1984a. Limits to intervention: the Bank of England and industrial diversification in the depressed areas. Economic History Review 38: 533–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heim, C. 1984b. Structural transformation and the demand for new labor in advanced economies: interwar Britain. Journal of Economic History 44: 585–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heim, C. 1986. Interwar responses to industrial decline. In Elbaum, and Lazonick, 1986.
Helten, J. J., Cassis, Y., eds. 1990. Capitalism in a Mature Economy: Financial Institutions, Capital Exports and British Industry, 1870–1939. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Hennock, E. P. 1963. Finance and politics in urban local government in England, 1835–1900. Historical Journal 6: 212–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennock, E. P. 1973. Fit and Proper Persons: Ideal and Reality in Nineteenth-Century Urban Government.CrossRef
Herbert, R. 1959. Statistics of live stock and dead meat for consumption in the metropolis. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 1st ser. 20: 473–81.Google Scholar
Herrigel, G. 1996. Industrial Constructions: The Sources of German Industrial Power. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hicks, J. R. 1930. An early history of industrial conciliation in England. Economica 10: 25–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, D. M. and Toms, J. S. 1997. Firm structure and financial performance: the Lancashire textile industry, c. 1884–c. 1960. Accounting, Business and Financial History 7: 195–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, D. M. and Toms, J. S. 2001. Capital ownership, capital structure and capital markets: financial constraints and the decline of the Lancashire cotton textile industry, 1880–1965. Journal of Industrial History 4: 48–64.Google Scholar
Higgs, R. 1987. Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hilferding, R. 1910. Finance Capital: A Study of the Latest Phase of Capitalist Development.
Hilgerdt, F. 1942. The Network of Trade. Geneva.Google Scholar
Hilgerdt, F. 1945. Industrialization and Foreign Trade.
Hirschmann, A. O. 1970. Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organisations and States. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Hilgerdt, F. 1982. Shifting Involvements: Private Interest and Public Action. Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Hilgerdt, F. 1961, 2001. Annual Abstract of Statistics, 98, 138.
Hobsbawm, E. J. 1968. Industry and Empire: An Economic History of Britain since 1750. 1975. The Age of Capital, 1848–1875. New York.Google Scholar
Hobson, J. A. 1902. Imperialism: A Study.
Hoffman, J. R. S. 1933. Great Britain and the German Trade Rivalry, 1875–1914.
Hoffmann, W. G. 1965. Das Wachstum der deutschen Wirtschaft seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holderness, B. A. 1989. Prices, productivity, and output. In Mingay, G. E., ed., The Agrarian History of England and Wales, VI: 1750–1850. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Holderness, B. A., Turner, M. E., eds. 1991. Land, Labour and Agriculture, 1700–1920: Essays for Gordon Mingay.Google Scholar
Holmes, A. R. and Green, E. 1986. Midland: 150 years of Joint Stock Banking.
Hopkins, A. G. 1973. An Economic History of West Africa.
Hounsell, D. A. 1984. From the American system to Mass Production, 1800–1932. Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
Howe, A. C. 1984. The Cotton Masters 1830–1860. Oxford.Google Scholar
Howson, S. K. 1975. Domestic Monetary Management in Britain, 1919–38. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hudson, P., ed. 2001. Living Economic and Social History. Glasgow.Google Scholar
Hughes, T. P. 1988. Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880–1930. Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
Hume, J. R. and Moss, M. S. 1979. Beardmore: The History of a Scottish Industrial Giant.
Hunt, B. C. 1936. The Development of the Business Corporation in England 1800–1867. Cambridge, MA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, E. H. 1967. Labour productivity in English agriculture, 1850–1914. Economic History Review 20: 280–92.Google Scholar
Hunt, E. H. 1973. Regional Wage Variations in Britain, 1850–1914. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hunt, E. H. 1981. British Labour History, 1815–1914.
Hunt, E. H. 1986. Industrialization and regional inequality: wages in Britain. Journal of Economic History 46: 935–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, E. H. and Pam, S. J. 1997. Prices and structural response in English agriculture, 1873–1896. Economic History Review 50: 477–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, E. H. 2002. Responding to agricultural depression, 1873–96: managerial success, entrepreneurial failure?Agricultural History Review, 50: 225–52.Google Scholar
Hunter, J. 1976. The Making of the Crofting Community. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Hurwitz, S. J. 1949. State Intervention in Great Britain: A Study of Economic Control and Social Response, 1914–1919. New York.Google Scholar
Imlah, A. 1958. Economic Elements in the Pax Britannica. Cambridge, MA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingham, G. 1984. Capitalism Divided: The City and Industry in British Social Development.
Irwin, D. 1996. Against the Tide: An Intellectual History of Free Trade. Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Irwin, D. 2002. Interpreting the tariff-growth correlation of the late 19th century. American Economic Review 92: 165–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, P. M. 1993. Modelling public expenditure growth: an integrated approach. In Gemmell, N., ed., The Growth of the Public Sector: Theories and International Evidence. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Jaffe, A. B. 1988. Demand and supply influences in R and D intensity and productivity growth. Review of Economics and Statistics 72: 431–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, J. A. 1983. Structural change in American manufacturing, 1850–1890. Journal of Economic History 43: 433–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, J. A. and Skinner, J. S. 1985. The resolution of the labor-scarcity paradox. Journal of Economic History 45: 513–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janeway, W. H. 1995–6. The 1931 sterling crisis and the independence of the Bank of England. Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics 43: 263–86.Google Scholar
Jarvis, R. 1959. Fractional shareholding in British merchant vessels with special reference to the 64ths. Mariners Mirror, 45.Google Scholar
Jefferys, J. B. 1949. The Distribution of Consumer Goods. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jefferys, J. B. 1954. Retailing Trading in Britain, 1850–1950. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jefferys, J. B. 1971. Business Organisation in Great Britain since 1856. New York.Google Scholar
Jefferys, J. B. and Walters, D. 1955. National income and expenditure of the United Kingdom, 1870–1952. In Kuznets, S., ed., Studies in Income and Wealth, V.Google Scholar
Jenks, L. H. 1927. The Migration of British Capital to 1875. New York.Google Scholar
Jobert, P., Moss, M. S., eds. 1990. The Birth and Death of Companies: An Historical Perspective. Carnforth.Google Scholar
Johnman, L. and Murphy, H. 2002. British Shipbuilding and the State since 1918. Exeter.Google Scholar
Johnson, P. 1985. Saving and Spending: The Working-Class Economy in Britain 1870–1939. Oxford.Google Scholar
Johnson, P. 1993. Small debts and economic distress in England and Wales, 1857–1913. Economic History Review 46: 65–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P. 1996. Economic development and industrial dynamism in Victorian London. London Journal 21: 27–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P. and Nicholas, S. 1995. Male and female living standards in England and Wales, 1812–1857: evidence from criminal height records. Economic History Review 48: 470–81.Google Scholar
Johnston, R. 2000. Clydeside Capital 1870–1920: A Social History of Employers. East Linton.Google Scholar
Jones, C. I. 1995. Time series tests of endogenous growth models. Quarterly Journal of Economics 110: 495–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, C. I. 1999. Growth: with or without scale effects?American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 89: 139–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, D. Caradog, ed. 1934. The Social Survey of Merseyside, I.Google Scholar
Jones, E. L. 1964. Seasons and Prices: The Role of the Weather in English Agricultural History.
Jones, H. 1994. Health and Society in Twentieth-Century Britain.
Jones, M. A. 1973. The background to emigration from Britain in the nineteenth century. Perspectives in American History 7: 3–92.Google Scholar
Jones, R. 1987. Wages and Employment Policy, 1936–1985.
Jones, R. and Marriott, O. 1970. Anatomy of a Merger: A History of GEC, AEI and English Electric.
Jonker, J. and Zanden, J. L. 1995. Method in the madness? Banking crises between the wars, an international comparison. In Feinstein, 1995b.
Jordan, G. and Richardson, J. J. 1982. The British policy style or the logic of negotiation? In Richardson, J. J., ed., Policy Styles in Western Europe.Google Scholar
Joseph, L. 1911. Industrial Finance: A Comparison between Home and Foreign Development.
Kaldor, N. 1966. Causes of the Slow Rate of Economic Growth in the United Kingdom. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Kendrick, J. W. 1961. Productivity Trends in the United States. Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. P. 1974. Foreign investment, trade and growth in the United Kingdom, 1870–1913. Explorations in Economic History 11: 415–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, W. P. 1976. Institutional response to economic growth: capital markets in Britain to 1914. In Hannah, L., ed., Management Strategy and Business Development: An Historical and Comparative Study.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. P. 1987a. Industrial Structure, Capital Markets and the Origins of British Economic Decline. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. P. 1987b. Review of Britain’s Investment Overseas on the Eve of the First World War: The Use and Abuse of Numbers by Platt, D. C. M.. Economic History Review 40: 307–09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, W. P. 1989. The costs and benefits of British imperialism, 1946–1914. Past and Present, 125: 186–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, W. P. 2000. Explaining Victorian entrepreneurship: a cultural problem?A market problem? No problem?London School of Economics, working paper in economic history 61.Google Scholar
Kesner, R. M. 1981. Economic Control and Colonial Development: Crown Colony Financial Management in the Age of Joseph Chamberlain. Westport, CT.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1924. Foreign investment and the national advantage. The Nation and the Athenaeum 35: 584–7.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1925. The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill. In Keynes, 1963.
Keynes, J. M. 1928. Speech to annual meeting of the National Mutual Assurance Co. 25 January 1928. Reprinted in Moggridge, D. E., ed., The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, XII: Economic Articles and Correspondence, Investment and Editorial. Cambridge, 1973.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1930. A Treatise on Money.
Keynes, J. M. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
Keynes, J. M. 1939. The relative movements of real wages and output. Economic Journal 49: 34–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1963 [1931]. Essays in Persuasion.
Kindleberger, C. P. 1964. Economic Growth in France and Britain, 1851–1950. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kindleberger, C. P. 1973. The World in Depression, 1929–1939.
Kindleberger, C. P. 1975. The rise of free trade in western Europe, 1820–1875. Journal of Economic History 35: 20–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kindleberger, C. P. and di Tella, G. 1982. Economics in the Long View: Essays in Honour of W. W. Rostow.
Kinghorn, J. R. and Nye, J. V. 1996. The scale of production in western economic development: a comparison of official industry statistics in the United States, Britain, France and Germany, 1905–1913. Journal of Economic History 56: 90–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinross, J. 1982. Fifty Years in the City.
Kirby, M. W. 1981. The Decline of British Economic Power since 1870.
Kirby, M. W. 1992. Institutional rigidities and economic decline: reflections on the British experience. Economic History Review 45: 637–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, M. W., Rose, M., eds. 1994. Business Enterprise in Modern Britain: From the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century.Google Scholar
Kitson, M. and Solomou, S. 1990. Protectionism and Economic Revival: The Interwar Economy. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, F. 1923. The ethics of competition. Quarterly Journal of Economics 37: 579–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knox, W., McKinlay, A. and Smyth, J. 1993. Industrialisation, work and labour politics: Clydeside c. 1850–1990. In Schulze, 1993.
,Königlichen Statistischen Bureau. Statistisches Handbuch für den Preussischen Staat. Berlin.
Kowakatsu, H. 1998. The Lancashire cotton industry and its rivals. In Bruland, K. and O’Brien, P., eds., From Family Firms to Corporate Capitalism: Essays in Business and Industrial History in Honour of Peter Mathias. Oxford.Google Scholar
Krueger, A. B. and Lindahl, M. 2000. Education for growth: why and for whom?NBER, Cambridge, MA, working paper 7591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kynaston, D. 1991. Cazenove & Co: A History.
,Länderrat des Amerikanischen Besatzungsgebietes. Statistisches Handbuch von Deutschland, 1928–1944. München, 1949.
Landes, D. S. 1960. The structure of enterprise in the nineteenth century: the cases of Britain and Germany. XI Congrés internationale des Sciences historiques, Rapports, V, Histoire contemporaine. Uppsala.Google Scholar
Landes, D. S. 1969. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Landes, D. S. 1998. The Wealth and Poverty of Nations. London.Google Scholar
Latham, A. H. J. and Neal, L. 1983. The international market in rice and wheat, 1868–1914. Economic History Review 36: 260–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavington, F. 1968 [1921]. The English Capital Market.
Law, C. M. 1980. British Regional Development since World War I.
Lawes, J. B. and Gilbert, J. H. 1893. Home produce, imports, consumption, and price of wheat, over forty harvest-years, 1852–53 to 1891–92. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 3rd ser. 4: 77–133.Google Scholar
Lawrence, F. W. 1899. Local Variations in Wages.
Layard, P. R. G., Nickell, S. J. and Jackman, R. 1991. Unemployment, Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market. Oxford.Google Scholar
Lazonick, W. A. 1979. Industrial relations and technical change: the case of the self-acting mule. Cambridge Journal of Economics 3: 231–62.Google Scholar
Lazonick, W. A. 1981a. Competition, specialisation, and industrial decline. Journal of Economic History 41: 31–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazonick, W. A. 1981b. Factor costs and the diffusion of ring spinning in Britain prior to World War One. Quarterly Journal of Economics 96: 89–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazonick, W. A. 1981c. Production relations, labor productivity and choice of technique: British and U.S. cotton spinning. Journal of Economic History 41: 491–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazonick, W. A. 1983. Industrial organisation and technological change: the decline of the British cotton industry. Business History Review 57: 195–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazonick, W. A. 1986. The cotton industry. In Elbaum, and Lazonick, 1986.Google Scholar
Lazonick, W. A. 1994. Employment relations in manufacturing and international competition. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.
Lazonick, W. A. and O’Sullivan, M. 1997. Finance and industrial development, Part 1: The United States and the United Kingdom. Financial History Review 4: 7–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leak, H. and Maizels, A. 1945. The structure of British industry. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 108: 142–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C. H. 1979. British Regional Employment Statistics, 1841–1971. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lee, C. H. 1986. The British Economy since 1700: A Macro-Economic Perspective. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lee, C. H. 1991. Regional inequalities in infant mortality in Britain 1861–1971: patterns and hypotheses. Population Studies 45: 55–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, C. H. 1995. Scotland and the United Kingdom: The Economy and the Union in the Twentieth Century. Manchester.Google Scholar
Lee, C. H. 1999. The Scottish economy and the First World War. In Macdonald, C. M. M. and McFarland, E. W., eds., Scotland and the Great War. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Lees, L. H. 1979. Exiles of Erin: Irish Migrants in Victorian London. Manchester.Google Scholar
Lees, L. H. 1998. The Solidarities of Strangers: The English Poor Laws and the People, 1700–1948. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lehner, F. and Widmaier, U. 1983. Market failure and growth of government: a sociological explanation. In Taylor, C. L., ed., Why Governments Grow: Measuring Public Sector Size.Google Scholar
Leland, H. E. and Pyle, D. H. 1977. Informational asymmetries, financial structure and financial intermediation. Journal of Finance 32: 371–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenin, V. I. 1915. Imperialism: The Highest State of Capitalism. Moscow.Google Scholar
Lenman, B. 1977. An Economic History of Modern Scotland.
Leunig, T. 1997. The myth of the corporate economy: factor costs, industrial structure, and technical choice in the Lancashire and New England cotton industries, 1900–1913. Business and Economic History 26: 311–17.Google Scholar
Leunig, T. 2001. New answers to old questions: explaining the slow adoption of ring spinning in Lancashire, 1880–1913. Journal of Economic History 61: 439–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, H. 1927. Monopolies, Trusts and Cartels in British Industry.
Lewchuck, W. A. 1987. American Technology and the British Vehicle Industry. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lewchuck, W. A. 1993. Men and monotony: fraternalism as a managerial strategy at the Ford Motor Company. Journal of Economic History 53: 824–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, M. K. and Davis, K. 1987. Domestic and International Banking. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Lewis, W. A. 1978. Growth and Fluctuations, 1870–1913.
,Liberal Industrial Inquiry. 1928. Britain’s Industrial Future.
Liebowitz, S. J. and Margolis, S. E. 1995. Path dependence, lock-in, and history. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 11: 205–26.Google Scholar
Liepmann, K. 1960. Apprenticeship: An Enquiry into its Adequacy in Modern Conditions.
Lindert, P. H. 1969. Key currencies and gold, 1900–1913. Princeton Studies in International Finance 24, International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University.Google Scholar
Lindert, P. H. 1994. The rise of social spending, 1880–1930. Explorations in Economic History 31: 1–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindert, P. H. and Trace, K. 1971. Yardsticks for Victorian entrepreneurs. In McCloskey, 1971.
Lindert, P. H. and Williamson, J. G. 1983. Reinterpreting Britain’s social tables, 1688–1913. Explorations in Economic History 20: 94–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linsley, C. A. and Linsley, C. L. 1993. Booth, Rowntree, and Llewelyn Smith: a reassessment of interwar poverty. Economic History Review 46: 88–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
London, Jack. 1903. The People of the Abyss.
Long, B. 1991. Did Morgan’s men add value? In Temin, P., ed., Inside the Business Enterprise: Historical Perspectives on the Use of Information. Chicago.Google Scholar
Lorenz, E. and Wilkinson, F. 1986. The shipbuilding industry 1880–1965. In Elbaum, and Lazonick, 1986.
Louis, W. R., ed. 1976. Imperialism: The Robinson and Gallagher Controversy. New York.Google Scholar
Loungani, P. 1991. Structural unemployment and public policy in interwar Britain. Journal of Monetary Economics 28: 149–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, R. 1987. The government and industrial relations. In Wrigley, 1987b.
Lowe, R. 1995. Government. In Constantine, S., Kirby, M. W. and Rose, M. B., eds., The First World War in British History.Google Scholar
Lucas, A. F. 1932. The bankers’ industrial development company. Harvard Business Review 11: 273–4.Google Scholar
Lucas, A. F. 1937. Industrial Reconstruction and the Control of Competition: The British Experiments.
Lucas, R. E. 1988. On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics 22: 3–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, R. E. 1990. Why doesn’t capital flow from rich to poor. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 80: 92–6.Google Scholar
McClelland, C. E. 1991. The German Experience of Professionalization: Modern Learned Professions and their Organizations from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Hitler Era. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCloskey, D. N. 1970. Did Victorian Britain fail?Economic History Review 23: 446–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCloskey, D. N. 1973. Economic Maturity and Entrepreneurial Decline: British Iron and Steel, 1870–1913. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
McCloskey, D. N. 1979. No it did not: a reply to Crafts. Economic History Review 32: 538–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCloskey, D. N. 1981. Enterprise and Trade in Victorian Britain: Essays in Historical Economics.
McCloskey, D. N. 1998. Bourgeois virtue and the history of P and S. Journal of Economic History 58: 297–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCloskey, D. N., ed. 1971. Essays on a Mature Economy: Britain after 1840.
McCloskey, D. N. and Sandberg, L. 1971. From damnation to redemption: judgements on the late Victorian entrepreneur. Explorations in Economic History 9: 89–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIvor, A. 1995. Health and safety in the cotton industry: a literature survey. Manchester Region History Review 9: 50–7.Google Scholar
McIvor, A. 2001. A History of Work in Britain 1880–1950. Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKay, D. I. and Buxton, N. K. 1965. The north of Scotland economy – a case for redevelopment?Scottish Journal of Political Economy 12: 23–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackenzie, W. A. 1921. Changes in the standard of living in the United Kingdom, 1860–1914. Economica 1: 211–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKeown, T. 1976. The Modern Rise of Population.
McKeown, T. and Record, R. G. 1962. Reasons for the decline of mortality in England and Wales during the nineteenth century. Population Studies 16: 94–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKinlay, A. and Zeitlin, J. 1989. The meaning of managerial prerogative: industrial relations and the organisation of work in British engineering, 1880–1939. In Harvey, C. and Turner, J., eds., Labour and Business in Modern Britain.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Mary. 1986. Poor law policy, unemployment, and pauperism. Explorations in Economic History 23: 299–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKinnon, Mary. 1987. English poor law policy and the crusade against outrelief. Journal of Economic History 47: 603–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKinnon, Mary. 1988. The use and misuse of poor law statistics, 1857–1912. Historical Methods 21: 5–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, D. 1976. Finance and ‘informal empire’ before the First World War. Economic History Review 29: 291–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, I. and Johnes, M. 2000. ‘Regulation run mad’: the Board of Trade and the loss of the Titanic. Public Administration 78: 729–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macleod, C. 1999. Negotiating the rewards of invention: the shop-floor inventor in Victorian Britain. Business History 41: 17–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macrosty, H. W. 1927. Inflation and deflation in the United States and United Kingdom, 1919–1923. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 90: 45–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddison, A. 1964. Economic Growth in the West. New York.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. 1982. Phases of Capitalist Development. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. 1987. Growth and slowdown in advanced capitalist economies: techniques of quantitative assessment. Journal of Economic Literature 25: 649–98.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. 1991. Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development. New York.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. 1995. Monitoring the World Economy, 1820–1992. Paris.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. 1996. Macroeconomic accounts for European countries. In Ark, and Crafts, 1996.
Maddison, A. 2001. The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective. Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddock, R., McLean, I. W., eds. 1987. The Australian Economy in the Long-Run. Cambridge.Google Scholar
,MAFF. 1966. A Century of Agricultural Statistics.
Magee, G. B. 1997a. Competence or omniscience: assessing entrepreneurship in the Victorian and Edwardian British paper industry. Business History Review 71: 230–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magee, G. B. 1997b. Productivity and Performance in the Paper Industry. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magee, G. B. 1999. Technological development and foreign patenting: evidence from nineteenth-century Australia. Explorations in Economic History 36: 344–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magee, G. B. 2000. Knowledge Generation. Melbourne.Google Scholar
Maizels, A. 1963. Industrial Growth and World Trade. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mallet, B. 1913. British Budgets, 1887–88 to 1912–13.
Mann, P. H. 1904. Life in an agricultural village in England. Sociological Papers 1: 163–93.Google Scholar
Marks, L. V. 1994. Model Mothers: Jewish Mothers and Maternity Provision in East London, 1870–1939. Oxford.Google Scholar
Marshall, A. 1919. Industry and Trade.
Marshall, A. 1920. Principles of Economics.
Martin, J. 2000. The Development of Modern Agriculture: British Farming since 1931. Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, P. and Rogers, C. A. 2000. Long-term growth and short-term economic instability. European Economic Review 44: 359–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mass, W. and Lazonick, W. A. 1990. The British cotton industry and international competitive advantage: the state of the debates. Business History 32: 9–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathias, P. 1967. Retailing Revolution.
Mathias, P. 1983. The First Industrial Nation, 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Mathias, P., Pollard, S., eds. 1989. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, VIII: The Industrial Economies: The Development of Economic and Social Policies. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Matthews, D., Anderson, M. and Edwards, J. R. 1997. The rise of the professional accountant in British management. Economic History Review 50: 407–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, K. G. P. 1986. Was sterling overvalued in 1925?Economic History Review 39: 572–87.Google Scholar
Matthews, K. G. P. 1989. Could Lloyd George have done it? The pledge reconsidered. Oxford Economic Papers 41: 374–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, R. C. O. 1959. The Business Cycle. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Matthews, R. C. O., Feinstein, C. H. and Odling-Smee, J. C. 1982. British Economic Growth, 1856–1973. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meadowcroft, J. 1995. Conceptualizing the State: Innovation and Dispute in British Political Thought, 1880–1914. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meiklejohn, A. 1952. History of lung diseases of coal miners in Great Britain: Part II, 1875–1920; Part III, 1930–52. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 9: 93–8; 208–18.Google Scholar
Melling, J. 1980a. Clydeside housing and the evolution of rent control 1900–1939. In Melling, 1980b.
Melling, J. 1989. Clydeside rent struggles and the making of Labour politics in Scotland 1900–1939. In Rodger, 1989b.
Melling, J., ed. 1980b. Housing, Social Policy and the State.Google Scholar
Mendershausen, H. 1943. The Economics of War. New York.Google Scholar
Mercer, H. 1995. Constructing a Competitive Order: The Hidden History of British Anti-Trust Policies. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalf, D., Nickell, S. J. and Floros, N. 1982. Still searching for an explanation of unemployment in interwar Britain. Journal of Political Economy 90: 368–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, J. R. 1955. An input-output approach to evaluating British industrial production in the late nineteenth century. In Conrad, A. H. and Meyer, J. R., eds., The Economics of Slavery and Other Studies in Econometric History. Chicago.Google Scholar
Michie, R. C. 1981. Options, concessions, syndicates and the provision of venture capital 1880–1913. Business History 23: 147–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michie, R. C. 1985. The London Stock exchange and the British securities market, 1850–1914. Economic History Review 38: 61–82.Google Scholar
Michie, R. C. 1986. The London and New York Stock Exchanges, 1850–1914. Journal of Economic History 46: 171–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michie, R. C. 1987. The London and New York Stock Exchanges, 1850–1914.
Michie, R. C. 1988a. Different in name only? The London Stock Exchange and foreign bourses c.1850–1914. Business History 30: 46–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michie, R. C. 1988b. The finance of innovation in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain: possibilities and constraints. Journal of European Economic History 17: 491–530.Google Scholar
Michie, R. C. 1992. The City of London: Continuity and Change, 1850–1990.CrossRef
Michie, R. C. 1999. The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford.Google Scholar
Middlemas, K. 1979. Politics in Industrial Society: The Experience of the British System since 1911.
Middleton, R. 1981. The constant employment budget balance and British monetary policy, 1929–39. Economic History Review 34: 266–86.Google Scholar
Middleton, R. 1985. Towards the Managed Economy: Keynes, the Treasury and the Fiscal Policy Debate of the 1930s.
Middleton, R. 1992. The economic role of the interwar British state. In Groenveld, S. and Wintle, M. J., eds., State and Trade: Government and Economy in Britain and the Netherlands since the Middle Ages. Zutphen.Google Scholar
Middleton, R. 1996. Government versus the Market: The Growth of the Public Sector, Economic Management and British Economic Performance, c. 1890–1979. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Middleton, R. 1998. Charlatans or Saviours? Economists and the British Economy from Marshall to Meade. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Miller, M. and Sutherland, A. 1994. Speculative anticipations of sterling’s return to gold: was Keynes wrong?Economic Journal 104: 804–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middleton, R. 2000. State enterprise in Britain in the twentieth century. In Toninelli, P. A., ed. The Rise and Fall of State-Owned Enterprises in the Western World. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Millward, R. and Bell, F. N. 1998. Economic factors in the decline of mortality in late nineteenth century Britain. European Review of Economic History 2: 263–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, R. and Bell, F. N. 2001. Infant mortality in Victorian Britain: the mother as medium. Economic History Review 54: 699–733.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, R. and Sheard, S. 1995. The urban fiscal problem, 1870–1914: government expenditure and finance in England and Wales. Economic History Review 48: 501–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milner, S. 1995. The coverage of collective pay-setting institutions in Britain, 1895–1990. British Journal of Industrial Relations 33: 69–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milner, S., ed. 1996. Could Finance Do More for British Business?Google Scholar
Minchinton, W. E., ed. 1968. Essays in Agrarian History, II. Newton Abbot.Google Scholar
,Ministry of Labour Gazette. Various years.
Mitch, D. F. 1992. The Rise of Literacy in Victorian England: The Influence of Private Choice and Public Policy. Philadelphia, PA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitch, D. F. 1999. The role of education and skill in the British industrial revolution. In Mokyr, J., ed., The British Industrial Revolution: An Economic Perspective. Oxford.Google Scholar
Mitchell, B. R. 1988. British Historical Statistics. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mitchell, B. R. and Deane, P. 1962. Abstract of British Historical Statistics. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Moggridge, D. E. 1969. The Return to Gold, 1925. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Moggridge, D. E. 1970. The 1931 financial crisis – a new view. The Banker: 832–9.Google Scholar
Moggridge, D. E. 1972. British Monetary Policy, 1924–1931: The Norman Conquest of $4.86. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mokyr, J. 1990. The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress. Oxford.Google Scholar
Mokyr, J., ed. 1993. The British Industrial Revolution: An Economic Perspective. Boulder.Google Scholar
More, C. 1980. Skill and the English Working Class, 1870–1914.
Morgan, E. V. 1952. Studies in British Financial Policy.
Morgan, E. V. and Thomas, W. A. 1962. The Stock Exchange: Its History and Functions.
Morris, M. D. 1963. Towards a reinterpretation of nineteenth century Indian economic history. Journal of Economic History 23: 606–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, Arthur. 1894. Tales of Mean Streets.
Moss, M. 2000. Standard Life 1825–2000: The Building of Europe’s Largest Mutual Life Company. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Mottershead, P. 1978. Industrial policy. In Blackaby, F. T., ed., British Economic Policy, 1960–74. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mowery, D. C. 1992. Finance and corporate evolution in five industrial economies, 1900–1950. Industrial and Corporate Change 1: 1–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mowery, D. C. and Rosenberg, N. 1989. Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mowery, D. C. and Rosenberg, N. 1998. Paths of Innovation. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukerjee, T. 1972. Theory of economic drain: impact of British rule on the Indian economy, 1840–1900. In Boulding, K. E. and Mukerjee, T., eds., Economic Imperialism. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Munn, C. W. 1988. Clydesdale Bank: The First Hundred and Fifty Years. Glasgow.Google Scholar
Munn, C. W. 1997. Banking on branches: the origins and development of branch banking in the United Kingdom. In Cottrell, et al. 1997.
Musgrave, R. A. 1959. The Theory of Public Finance: A Study in Public Economy.
Musgrave, R. A. 1985. A brief history of fiscal doctrine. In Auerbach, A. J. and Feldstein, M., eds., Handbook of Public Economics, I. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Musson, A. E. 1978. The Growth of British Industry.
Nelson, R. R. and Wright, G. 1992. The rise and fall of American technological leadership: the postwar era in historical perspective. Journal of Economic Literature 30: 1931–64.Google Scholar
Neuberger, H. and Stokes, H. H. 1974. German banks and German growth, 1883–1913: an empirical view. Journal of Economic History 34: 710–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, A. and Symons, J. S. V. 1988. The macroeconomics of the interwar years: international comparisons. In Eichengreen, and Hatton, 1988.Google Scholar
Newton, L. 1996. Regional bank-industry relations during the mid-nineteenth century: links between bankers and manufacturers in Shefffield c. 1850-c. 1885. Business History 38: 64–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, L. and Cottrell, P. L. 1998. Joint-stock banking in the English provinces 1826–1857: to branch or not to branch?Business and Economic History 27: 115–28.Google Scholar
Newton, S. and Porter, D. 1988. Modernization Frustrated: The Politics of Industrial Decline in Britain since 1900.
Nicholas, S. J. 1983. Agency contracts, institutional modes, and the transition to foreign direct investment by British manufacturing multinationals before 1939. Journal of Economic History 43: 675–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, S. J. 1984. The overseas marketing performance of British industry, 1870–1914. Economic History Review 37: 489–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, T. 1999a. Businessmen and land ownership in the late nineteenth century. Economic History Review 52: 27–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, T. 1999b. Clogs to clogs in three generations? Explaining entrepreneurial performance in Britain since 1850. Journal of Economic History 59: 688–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, T. 1999c. Wealth-making in nineteenth and early twentieth century Britain: industry v. commerce and finance. Business History 41: 16–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, T. 2000a. Businessmen and land ownership in the late nineteenth century revisited. Economic History Review 53: 777–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, T. 2000b. Wealth making in the nineteenth and early twentieth century: the Rubinstein hypothesis revisited. Business History 42: 155–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickell, S. J. 1995. The Performance of Companies. Oxford.Google Scholar
Nickell, S. J. 1996. Competition and corporate performance. Journal of Political Economy 104: 724–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickell, S. J., Nicolitsas, D. and Dryden, N. 1997. What makes firms perform well?European Economic Review 41: 783–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishimura, S. 1971. The Decline of Inland Bills of Exchange in the London Money Market, 1855–1913. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Nordhaus, W. D. 1972. The recent productivity slowdown. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 3: 493–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordhaus, W. D. and Tobin, James. 1973. Is growth obsolete? In Moss, M., ed., The Measurement of Economic and Social Performance. New York.Google Scholar
North, D. 1989. Institutions and economic growth: an historical introduction. World Development 17: 1319–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Notestein, F. W. 1945. Population: the long view. In Schultz, T. W., ed., Food for the World. Chicago.Google Scholar
O’Brien, A. P. 1988. Factory size, economies of scale, and the great merger wave of 1898–1902. Journal of Economic History 48: 639–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, D. P. 1975. The Classical Economists. Oxford.Google Scholar
O’Brien, P. K. 1988. The costs and benefits of British imperialism 1846–1914. Past and Present 120: 163–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, P. K. 1989. Reply. Past and Present 125: 192–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, P. K., Griffiths, T. and Hunt, P. A. 1996. Theories of technological progress and the British textile industry from Kay to Cartwright. Revista de Historia Economica 14: 533–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ó Gráda, C. 1981. British agriculture, 1860–1914. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1981.
Ó Gráda, C. 1994. British agriculture, 1860–1914. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.
Ó Gráda, C. 1999. Black 47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy and Memory. Princeton.Google Scholar
O’Mahony, M. 1999. Britain’s Productivity Performance, 1950–1996: An International Perspective.
O’Rourke, K. 1997. The European grain invasion, 1870–1913. Journal of Economic History 57: 775–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Rourke, K. and Williamson, J. G. 1999. Globalisation and History: The Evolution of the Nineteenth Century International Economy. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H. and Williamson, J. G. 1999. Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth Century Atlantic Economy. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
,OECD 2002. Economic Outlook, 2002/1. Paris.
Offer, A. 1989. The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation. Oxford.Google Scholar
Offer, A. 1993. The British Empire 1870–1914: a waste of money?Economic History Review 46: 215–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, E. M. 1952. Agriculture and Economic Progress. Oxford.Google Scholar
Okun, A. M. 1975. Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ollerenshaw, P. 1997. The business and politics of banking in Ireland 1900–1943. In Cottrell, et al. 1997.
Olson, M. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Olson, M. 1974. The UK and the world market for wheat and other primary products, 1885–1914. Explorations in Economic History 11: 352–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, M. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth Stagflation and Social Rigidities. New Haven.Google Scholar
Oman, A. R. 1971. The epidemiological transition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change. Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 49: 509–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ormerod, P. and Worswick, G. D. N. 1982. Unemployment in interwar Britain. Journal of Political Economy 90: 400–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orr, W. 1982. Deer Forests, Landlords and Crofters. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Orwell, George. 1937. The Road to Wigan Pier.
Orwin, C. S. and Felton, B. I. 1931. A century of wages and earnings in agriculture. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 92: 231–57.Google Scholar
Overy, R. 1976. William Morris, Viscount Nuffield.
Owen, A. D. K. 1933. A Survey of the Standard of Living in Sheffield. Sheffield.Google Scholar
Pahl, R. 1990. New rich, old rich, stinking rich?Social History 15: 229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paish, G. 1914. The export of capital and the cost of living. The Statist (Supplement) 79, 14 Feb., i–viii.Google Scholar
Palmer, S. R. 1972. Investors in London shipping 1820–1850. Maritime History 2: 42–68.Google Scholar
Parry, R. 1985. Britain: stable aggregates, changing composition. In Rose, R., Page, E., Parry, R., Peters, B. G., Pignatelli, A. C. and Schmidt, K.-D., eds., Public Employment in Western Nations. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Pavitt, K. and Soete, L. L. 1981. International dynamics of innovation. In Giersch, H., ed., Emerging Technologies: Consequences for Economic Growth, Structural Change and Employment. Tübingen.Google Scholar
Payne, P. L. 1967. The emergence of the large-scale company in Great Britain, 1870–1914. Economic History Review 20: 519–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, P. L. 1979. Colvilles and the Scottish Steel Industry. Oxford.Google Scholar
Payne, P. L. 1988. The Hydro. Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Payne, P. L. 1990. Entrepreneurship and British economic decline. In Collins, and Robbins, 1990.
Peacock, A. T. and Wiseman, J. 1967. The Growth of Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom, 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Pearce, I. F. 1970. International Trade.
Pearce, I. F. and Rowan, D. C. 1966. A framework for research into the real effects of international capital movements. In Dunning, J. H., ed., International Investment: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Pearson, R. and Williams, G. 1984. Political Thought and Public Policy in the Nineteenth Century: An Introduction.
Peden, G. C. 2002. From cheap government to efficient government: the political economy of public expenditure in the United Kingdom, 1832–1914. In Winch, D. N. and O’Brien, P. K., eds., The Political Economy of British Economic Experience, 1688–1914. Oxford.Google Scholar
Peebles, H. B. 1987. Warshipbuilding on the Clyde: Naval Orders and the Prosperity of the Clyde Shipbuilding Industry 1889–1939. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Pelling, H. 1987. A History of British Trade Unionism, 4th edn.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pember Reeves, Maud. 1913. Round about a Pound a Week.
Perkin, H. 1996. The Third Revolution: Professional Elites in the Modern World.CrossRef
Perren, R. 1970. The landlord and agricultural transformation, 1870–1900. Agricultural History Review 18: 36–51. Reprinted in Perry 1973.Google Scholar
Perren, R. 1978. The Meat Trade in Britain, 1840–1914.
Perren, R. 1995. Agriculture in Depression, 1870–1940. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Perren, R. 2000. Food manufacturing. In Collins, 2000b.
Perry, P. J. 1972. Where was the ‘great agricultural depression’? A geography of agricultural bankruptcy in late Victorian England and Wales. Agricultural History Review 20: 30–45. Reprinted in Perry 1973.Google Scholar
Perry, P. J. 1973. British Agriculture, 1875–1914.
Petersen, C. 1995. Bread and the British Economy c. 1770–1870. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Phelps-Brown, E. H. and Handfield-Jones, S. J. 1952. The climacteric of the 1890s. Oxford Economic Papers 4: 266–307.Google Scholar
Phillips, A. D. M. 1989. The Underdraining of Farm Land in England During the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Pilgrim Trust. 1938. Men without Work: A Report Made to the Pilgrim Trust. Cambridge.
Pindyck, R. S. 1988. Irreversible investment, capacity choice, and the value of the firm. American Economic Review 76: 969–85.Google Scholar
Piore, M. J. and Sabel, C. F. 1984. The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity. New York.Google Scholar
Platt, D. C. M. 1973. The national economy and British imperial expansion before 1914. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2: 3–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Platt, D. C. M. 1986. Britain’s Investment Overseas on the Eve of the First World War: The Uses and Abuses of Numbers.CrossRef
,Political and Economic Planning. 1934. Report on the British Cotton Industry.
,Political and Economic Planning. 1939. Report on the Location of Industry.
Pollard, S. 1954. Wages and earnings in the Sheffield trades, 1851–1914. Yorkshire Bulletin of Economic and Social Research 6: 49–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, S. 1983. The Development of the British Economy, 1914–1980.
Pollard, S. 1989. Britain’s Prime and Britain’s Decline: The British Economy, 1870–1914.
Pollard, S. 1994. Entrepreneurship, 1870–1914. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.
Pollard, S. and Robertson, P. 1979. The British Shipbuilding Industry, 1870–1914. Cambridge, MA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollins, H. 1957–8. Railway contractors and the finance of railway development in Britain. Journal of Transport History 3: 41–51 and 103–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pooley, C. and Turnbull, J. 1998. Migration and Mobility in Britain since the Eighteenth Century.
Porter, D. 1986. ‘A trusted guide of the investing public’: Harry Marks and the Financial News. Business History 28: 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, J. H. 1970. Wage bargaining under conciliation agreements, 1860–1914. Economic History Review 23: 460–75.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations.CrossRef
Prais, S. J. 1995. Productivity, Education and Training: An International Perspective. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Prais, S. J. and Houthakker, H. 1955. The Analysis of Family Budgets. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Pred, A. C. 1977. City Systems in Advanced Economies. New York.Google Scholar
Prest, A. R. 1954. Consumers’ Expenditure in the United Kingdom, 1900–1919. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Price, S. 1981. Riveters’ earnings in Clyde shipbuilding 1889–1913. Scottish Economic and Social History 1: 42–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsbottom, E. C. 1935. The course of wage rates in the United Kingdom, 1921–1934. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 98: 639–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsbottom, E. C. 1939. Wage rates in the United Kingdom in 1938. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 102: 289–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raynes, H. E. 1926. The place of ordinary stocks and shares as distinct from fixed interest bearing securities in the investment of life assurance funds. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 59: 21–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raynes, H. E. 1937. Equities and fixed-interest stocks during twenty-five years. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 68: 483–94.Google Scholar
Reader, W. J. 1966. Professional Men: The Rise of the Professional Classes in Nineteenth-Century England.
Redding, S. 2002. Path dependence, endogenous innovation, and growth. International Economic Review 43: 1215–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redford, A. 1964. Labour Migration in England, 1800–1850. Manchester, 2nd rev. edn.Google Scholar
Redmond, J. 1984. The sterling overvaluation in 1925: a multilateral approach. Economic History Review 37: 520–32.Google Scholar
Reid, G. C. 1987. Theories of Industrial Organisation. Oxford.Google Scholar
,Report of the Departmental Committee. 1937. Share-Pushing. Cmd 5539.
Rew, R. H. 1892a. An inquiry into the statistics of production and consumption of milk and milk products in Great Britain. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 55: 244–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rew, R. H. 1892b. Production and consumption of milk. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 3rd ser. 3: 421–7.Google Scholar
Rew, R. H. 1904. Observations on the production and consumption of meat and dairy products. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 67: 413–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, H. W. 1965. Overcommitment in Britain since 1930. Oxford Economic Papers 17: 237–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, H. W. 1967. Economic Recovery in Britain, 1932–1939.
Riley, J. C. 1997. Sick, not Dead: The Health of British Workingmen during the Mortality Decline. Baltimore.Google Scholar
Riley, J. C. 2001. Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringer, F. K. 1979. Education and Society in Modern Europe. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Ritschl, A. 1998. Reparation transfers, the Borchardt hypothesis and the great depression in Germany, 1929–32. European Review of Economic History 2: 49–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R. 1971. The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century. Manchester.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard. 1992. Regulatory responses to the rise of the market for corporate control in Britain in the 1950s. Business History 34: 183–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, D. J. 1960. Factory Wage Structures and National Agreements. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Robinson, G. M. 1981. A statistical analysis of agriculture in the Vale of Evesham during the great depression. Journal of Historical Geography 7: 37–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, G. M. 1983. West Midlands Farming, 1840s to 1970s. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Robson, R. 1957. The Cotton Industry in Britain.
Roderick, G. W. and Stephens, M. D. 1972. Scientific and Technical Education in Nineteenth Century England. Newton Abbot.Google Scholar
Rodger, R. 1989a. Crisis and confrontation in Scottish housing 1880–1914. In Rodger, 1989b.
Rodger, R., ed. 1989b. Scottish Housing in the Twentieth Century. Leicester.Google Scholar
Romer, P. M. 1986. Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy 94: 1002–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romer, P. M. 1990. Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98: S71–S102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, M. B. 1977. The role of family in the provision of capital in Samuel Greg and Co., 1784–1840. Business History 19: 37–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, M. B. 2000. Firms, Networks and Business Values. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, R. and Karran, T. J. 1984. Inertia or incrementalism?: a long-term view of the growth of government. In Groth, A. J. and Wade, L. L., eds., Comparative Resource Allocation: Politics, Performance and Policy Priorities.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, S. 1988. 100 years of heights and weights. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society). 151: 276–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, N. 1982. Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Ross, D. M. 1990. Banks and industry: some new perspectives on the interwar years. In van Helten, and Cassis, 1990.Google Scholar
Ross, D. M. 1992. Bank advances and industrial production in the UK: a red herring? In Lindgren, H., Cottrell, P. and Teichova, A., eds., European Industry and Banking, 1920–1939: A Review of Bank-Industry Relations. Leicester.Google Scholar
Ross, D. M. 1995. Information, collateral and British bank lending in the 1930s. In Cassis, et al. 1995.
Ross, D. M. 1996a. Commercial banking in a market-oriented financial system: Britain between the wars. Economic History Review 49: 314–35.Google Scholar
Ross, D. M. 1996b. The unsatisfied fringe in Britain, 1930s-80s. Business History 38: 11–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, D. M. 1997. The Macmillan Gap and the British credit market in the 1930s. In Cottrell, et al. 1997.
Ross, D. M. and Ziegler, D. 2000. Problems of industrial finance between the wars. In Buchheim, C. and Garside, R., eds., After the Slump: Industry and Politics in 1930s Britain and Germany. Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Rostas, L. 1948. Comparative Productivity in British and American Industry. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rostow, W. W. 1948. The British Economy in the Nineteenth Century: Essays. Oxford.Google Scholar
Rothbarth, E. 1946. Causes of the superior efficiency of USA industry as compared with British industry. Economic Journal 56: 383–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Routh, G. 1965. Occupation and Pay in Great Britain, 1906–1960. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Routh, G. 1979. Occupation and Pay in Great Britain 1906–1979. Glasgow.Google Scholar
Rowe, J. 1953. Cornwall in the Age of the Industrial Revolution.
Rowntree, B. S. 1901. Poverty: A Study of Town Life.
Rowntree, B. S. 1941. Poverty and Progress: A Second Social Survey of York.
Rowntree, B. S. and Lasker, B. 1911. Unemployment, a Social Study.
,Royal Commission on Agriculture. 1896. Particulars of the expenditures and outgoings on certain estates in Great Britain. British Parliamentary Papers, C. 8125, XVI.
,Royal Commission on Agriculture. 1897. Final report of Her Majesty’s commissioners appointed to inquire into the subject of agricultural depression. British Parliamentary Papers, C. 8540, XV.
Rubinstein, W. D. 1977. The Victorian middle classes: wealth occupation and geography. Economic History Review 30: 602–23.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, W. D. 1981a. Men of Property: The Very Wealthy in Britain since the Industrial Revolution.
Rubinstein, W. D. 1981b. New men of wealth and the purchase of land in nineteenth century Britain. Past and Present 92: 125–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubinstein, W. D. 1987. Elites and the Wealthy in Modern British History. Brighton.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, W. D. 1994. Capitalism Culture and Decline in Britain 1750–1990.
Rubinstein, W. D. 1996. Businessmen into landowners: the question revisited. In Harte, N. and Quinault, R., eds., Land and Society in Britain 1700–1914. Manchester.Google Scholar
Sandberg, L. 1969. American rings and English mules: the role of economic rationality. Quarterly Journal of Economics 63: 25–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandberg, L. 1974. Lancashire in Decline. Columbus, OH.Google Scholar
Sanderson, M. 1972. The Universities and British Industry, 1850–1970.
Sanderson, M. 1987. Educational Opportunity and Social Change in England.
Sanderson, M. 1988. Technical education and economic decline: 1890–1980s. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 41: 38–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, M. 1999. Education and Economic Decline in Britain, 1870 to the 1990s. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saul, S. B. 1960. Studies in British Overseas Trade, 1870–1914. Liverpool.Google Scholar
Saul, S. B. 1968. The engineering industry. In Aldcroft, 1968.
Saul, S. B. 1985. The Myth of the Great Depression, 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Saville, J. 1957. Rural Depopulation in England and Wales, 1851–1951.
Saville, J. 1961. Some retarding factors in the British economy before 1914. Yorkshire Bulletin of Economic and Social Research 13: 51–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saville, J. 1996. Bank of Scotland: A History 1695–1995. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Saxonhouse, G. and Wright, G. 1984. New evidence on the stubborn English mule and the cotton industry, 1878–1920. Economic History Review 37: 507–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saxonhouse, G. and Wright, G. 1987. Stubborn mules and vertical integration: the disappearing constraint?Economic History Review 40: 87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayers, R. S. 1976. The Bank of England, 1891–1944.
Schmitz, C. J. 1995. The Growth of Big Business in the United States and Western Europe. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Schofield, R. S. 1973. Dimensions of illiteracy, 1750–1850. Explorations in Economic History 10: 437–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schremmer, D. E. 1989. Taxation and public finance: Britain, France and Germany. In Mathias, and Pollard, 1989.
Schulze, R., ed. 1993. Industrial Regions in Transformation: Historical Roots and Patterns of Regional Structural Change: A European Comparison. Essen.Google Scholar
Schumann, D. 1999. Buddenbrooks revisited: the firm and the entrepreneurial family in Germany during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In Robertson, P. L., ed., Authority and Control in Modern Industry: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, J. A. 1911. The Theory of Economic Development.
Schumpeter, J. A. 1939. Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. New York.Google Scholar
Scott, J. and Hughes, M. 1980. The Anatomy of Scottish Capital: Scottish Companies and Scottish Capital 1900–1979.CrossRef
Scott, P. 1999. The efficiency of Britain’s ‘silly little bobtailed’ coal wagons: a commenton Van Vleck. Journal of Economic History 59: 1072–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, P. 2000. The state, interal migration and the growth of new industrial communities in interwar Britain. English Historical Review 115: 329–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, P. 2002. Towards the cult of the equity? Insurance companies and the interwar capital market. Economic History Review 55: 78–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scranton, P. 1997. Endless Novelty: Specialty Production and American Industrialization, 1865–1925. Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Sefton, J. and Weale, M. 1995. Reconciliation of National Income and Expenditure. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Sells, Dorothy M. 1923. The British Trade Boards System.
Sells, Dorothy M. 1939. British Wage Boards: A Study in Industrial Democracy. Washington DC.Google Scholar
Sen, A. 1985. The moral standing of the market. In Paul, E. F., Paul, J. and Miller, F. D., eds., Ethics and Economics. Oxford.Google Scholar
Sen, A. 1987. The Standard of Living. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen, A. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford.Google Scholar
Shadwell, A. 1909. Industrial Efficiency: A Comparative Study of Industrial Life in England, Germany and America.
Shannon, H. A. 1930–3. The first five thousand limited companies and their duration. Economic History 2: 396–424.Google Scholar
Shannon, H. A. 1932–3. The limited companies of 1866 and 1883. Economic History Review 4: 290–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheail, J. 1993. Public interest and self-interest: the disposal of trade effluent in interwar England. Twentieth Century British History 4: 149–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheail, J. 1997. Business and the environment: an inter-war perspective on the Federation of British Industries. Contemporary British History 11.4: 21–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheldrake, J. and Vickerstaff, S. 1987. The History of Industrial Training in Britain. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Silverman, D. P. 1988. National social economics: the Wirtschaftswunder reconsidered. In Eichengreen, and Hatton, 1988.
Simon, M. 1967. The pattern of new British portfolio foreign investment, 1865–1914. In Adler, J. H., ed., Capital Movements and Economic Development.Google Scholar
Slaven, A. 1977. A shipyard in depression: John Brown’s of Clydebank 1919–1938. Business History 19: 192–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaven, A. 1995. From rationalisation to nationalisation: the capacity problem and strategies for survival in British shipbuilding, 1920–1977. In Feldenkircheng, W., Schönert-Röhlk, F. and Schulz, G., eds., Hans Pohl Liber Amicorum: Wirtschaft Gesellschaft Unternehmen. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Slaven, A. and Checkland, S., eds. 1986. Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, I. Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Slaven, A. and Checkland, S., eds. 1990. Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, II Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Smiles, Samuel. 1886. Self-Help, revised edn. New York.Google Scholar
Smith, A. 1976 [1776], An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Oxford.Google Scholar
Smith, HubertLlewellyn, ed. 1930–5. The New Survey of London Life and Labour, 9vols.Google Scholar
Smout, T. C. 1986. A Century of the Scottish People, 1830–1950.
,Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders. 1937. The Motor Industry of Great Britain.
Solomou, S. N. 1994. Economic fluctuations, 1870–1913. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.
Solomou, S. N. 1996. Themes in Macroeconomic History: The UK Economy, 1919–1939. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomou, S. N. and Catao, L. 2000. Effective exchange rates, 1879–1913. European Review of Economic History 4: 361–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomou, S. N. and Weale, M. 1991. Balanced estimates of UK GDP, 1870–1913. Explorations in Economic History 28: 54–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solow, R. M. 1956. A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics 70: 65–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solow, R. M. 1960. Investment and technical progress. In Arrow, K., Karlin, S. and Suppes, P., eds., Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences 1959. Stanford.Google Scholar
Solow, R. M. 1988. Growth theory and after. American Economic Review 78: 307–17.Google Scholar
Soskice, D. 1991. Wage determination: the changing role of institutions in advanced industrialized countries. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 6: 36–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southall, H. R. 1986. Regional employment patterns among skilled engineers in Britain, 1851–1911. Journal of Historical Geography 12: 268–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southall, H. R. 1988. The origins of the depressed areas: unemployment, growth and regional economic structure in Britain before 1914. Economic History Review 41: 236–58.Google Scholar
Southall, H. R. 1991. The tramping artisan revisits: labour mobility and economic distress in early Victorian England. Economic History Review 44: 272–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Statistisches Bundesamt. Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Wiesbaden.
,Statistisches Reichsamt. Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich. Berlin.
Steckel, Richard H., Floud, Roderick. 1997. Health and Welfare during Industrialization. Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stedman Jones, G., 1971. Outcast London: A Study in the Relationship between Classes in Victorian Society. Oxford.Google Scholar
Stevenson, J. 1977. Social Conditions in Britain Between the Wars.
Stiglitz, J. E. 1998. The role of government in the contemporary world. In Tanzi, V. and Chu, K.-Y., eds., Income Distribution and High-Quality Growth. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Stiglitz, J. E. and Weiss, A. 1981. Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information. American Economic Review 71: 393–410.Google Scholar
Stiglitz, J. E. et al. 1989. The Economic Role of the State. Oxford.Google Scholar
Stone, I. 1977. British direct and portfolio investment in Latin America before 1914. Journal of Economic History 37: 690–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, I. 1999. The Global Export of Capital from Great Britain, 1865–1914: A Statistical Survey. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, R. and Rowe, D. A. 1966. The Measurement of Consumers’ Expenditure and Behaviour in the United Kingdom, 1920–1938, II. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Stopes, M. C. 1918. Married Love: A New Contribution to the Solution of Sex Difficulties. New York.Google Scholar
Streit, C. K. 1949. Union Now: A Proposal for an Atlantic Federal Union of the Free. New York.Google Scholar
Sturgess, R. W. 1966. The agricultural revolution on the English clays. Agricultural History Review 14: 104–21.Google Scholar
Sugihara, K. 1986. Patterns of Asia’s integration into the world economy, 1880–1913. In Fischer, W., McInnis, R. M. and Schneider, J., eds., The Emergence of a World Economy 1500–1914 Part II 1850–1914, Ninth International Congress of Economic History. Published as Beiträge zur Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, Band 33: II.Google Scholar
Sull, R. S., Tedlow, R. and Rosenbloom, R. S. 1997. Managerial commitments and technological change in the US tire industry. Industrial and Corporate Change 6: 461–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supple, B. 1987. The History of the British Coal Industry, IV: 1913–1946: The Political Economy of Decline. Oxford.Google Scholar
Supple, B., ed. 1977. Essays in British Business History. Oxford.Google Scholar
Sutherland, G. 1990. Education. In Thompson, 1990b.
Svedberg, P. 1978. The portfolio-direct composition of private foreign investment in 1914 revisited. Economic Journal 80: 763–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szreter, S. 1984. The genesis of the registrar general’s social classification of occupations. British Journal of Sociology 35: 522–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szreter, S. 1988. The importance of social intervention in Britain’s mortality decline c. 1850–1914: a re-interpretation of the role of public health. Social History of Medicine 1: 1–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szreter, S. 1996. Fertility, Class and Gender in Britain, 1860–1940. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szreter, S. 1997. Economic growth, disruption, deprivation, disease, and death: on the importance of the politics of public health for development. Population and Development Review 23: 693–728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szreter, S. and Hardy, A. 2000. Urban fertility and mortality patterns. In Daunton, 2000.
Szreter, S. and Mooney, G. 1998. Urbanization, mortality and the standard of living debate: new estimates of the expectation of life at birth in nineteenth-century British cities. Economic History Review 51: 84–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanzi, V. and Schuknecht, L. 2000. Public Spending in the 20th Century: A Global Perspective. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tawney, R. H. 1915. The Establishment of Minimum Rates in the Tailoring Industry under the Trade Boards Act of 1909.
Tawney, R. H. 1943. The abolition of economic controls, 1918–1921. Economic History Review 1st ser. 13: 1–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. M. and Williamson, Jeffrey G. 1997. Convergence in the age of mass migration. European Review of Economic History 1: 27–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, D. 1976. The English dairy industry, 1860–1930. Economic History Review 29: 585–601.Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, M. S. and Winter, J. M. 1985. The Fear of Population Decline. Orlando, FL.Google Scholar
Temin, P. 1966. The relative decline of the British steel industry, 1880–1913. In Rosovsky, H., ed., Industrialisation in Two Systems: Essays in Honour of Alexander Gerschenkron. New York.Google Scholar
Temin, P. 1989. Lessons from the Great Depression. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Thane, P. M. 1990. Government and society in England and Wales, 1750–1914. In Thompson, 1990b.
Thane, P. M. 2000. Old Age in English History. Oxford.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. 1983. Rearmament and economic recovery in the late 1930s. Economic History Review 36: 552–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, M. 1988. Labour market structure and the nature of unemployment in interwar Britain. In Eichengreen, and Hatton, 1988.
Thomas, M. 1994. The macro-economics of the inter-war years. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.Google Scholar
Thomas, S. E. 1931. British Banks and the Finance of Industry.
Thomas, W. A. 1973. The Provincial Stock Exchanges.
Thomas, W. A. 1978. The Finance of British Industry, 1918–1976.
Thompson, F. M. L. 1959. Agriculture since 1870. Victoria County History of Wiltshire, IV.Google Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L. 1963. English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century.
Thompson, F. M. L. 1968. The second agricultural revolution, 1815–80. Economic History Review 21: 62–77.Google Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L. 1989. Rural society and agricultural change in nineteenth-century Britain. In Grantham, G. and Leonard, C. S., eds., Agrarian Organization in the Century of Industrialization: Europe, Russia, and North America. Research in Economic History, Supplement 5.Google Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L. 1990a. Life after death: how successful nineteenth century businessmen disposed of their fortunes. Economic History Review 43: 40–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L. 1991. An anatomy of English agriculture, 1870–1914. In Holderness, and Turner, 1991: 211–40.
Thompson, F. M. L. 1992. Stitching it together again. Economic History Review 45: 362–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L. 1994. Business and landed elites in the nineteenth century. In Thompson, F. M. L., ed., Landowners, Capitalists and Entrepreneurs. Oxford.Google Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L., ed. 1990b. The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Thomson, David. 1984. The decline of social welfare: falling state support for the elderly since early victorian times. Ageing and Society 4: 451–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilly, R. H. 1986. German banking 1850–1914: development assistance for the strong. Journal of European Economic History 15: 113–52.Google Scholar
Tolliday, S. 1987. Business, Banking and Politics: The Case of British Steel, 1918–1939. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Tolliday, S. 1991. Competition and maturity in the British steel industry, 1870–1914. In Abe, E. and Suzuki, Y., eds., Changing Patterns of International Rivalry: Some Lessons from the Steel Industry. Tokyo.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, J. D. 1990. Public Policy and the Economy since 1900. Oxford.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, J. D. 1994. Government and the Enterprise since 1900: The Changing Problem of Efficiency. Oxford.Google Scholar
Toms, J. S. 1998. Growth, profits and technological choice: the case of the Lancashire cotton industry. Journal of Industrial History 1: 35–55.Google Scholar
Tout, Herbert. 1938. The Standard of Living in Bristol. Bristol.Google Scholar
Trainor, Richard. 2000. The middle class. In Daunton, 2000.
Treble, J. G. 1987. Sliding scales and conciliation: risk sharing in the 19th century British coal industry. Oxford Economic Papers 39: 679–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treble, J. H. 1978a. The market for unskilled male labour in Glasgow 1891–1914. In Macdougall, I., ed., Essays in Scottish Labour History. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Treble, J. H. 1978b. Unemployment and unemployment policies in Glasgow 1890–1905. In Thane, P. M., ed., The Origins of British Social Policy.Google Scholar
Treble, J. H. 1979. Urban Poverty in Britain 1830–1914.
Treble, J. H. 1980. The pattern of investment of the Standard Life Assurance Co. 1875–1914. Business History 22: 170–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tressell, R. 1955. The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists.
Tunzelmann, G. N. 1982. Structural change and leading sectors in British manufacturing 1907–36. In Kindleberger, and di Tella, 1982.
Turner, M. E. 1996. After the Famine. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, M. E. 2000. Agricultural output, income and productivity. In Collins, 2000b.
Turner., M. E., Beckett, J. V. and Afton, B. 1997. Agricultural Rent in England 1690–1914. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, M. E. 2001. Farm Production in England 1700–1914. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner., P. and Bowden, S. 1997. Real wages, demand and employment in the UK, 1921–1938: a disaggregated analysis. Bulletin of Economic Research 49: 309–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tweedale, G. 2000. Magic Mineral to Killer Dust; Turner & Newall and the Asbestos Hazard. Oxford.Google Scholar
Tyack, D. B., ed. 1967. Turning Points in American Educational History. Lexington, MA.Google Scholar
,United Nations Development Programme. 1990. Human Development Report. New York.
,United States. 1975. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970. Washington.
Urquhart, M. C., Buckley, K. A. H., eds. 1965. Historical Statistics of Canada. Toronto.Google Scholar
Usher, D. 1980. The Measurement of Economic Growth. New York.Google Scholar
Veverka, J. 1963. The growth of government expenditure in the United Kingdom since 1790. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 10: 111–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vleck, V. N. L. 1997. Delivering coal by road and rail in Britain: the efficiency of the ’silly little bobtailed’ coal wagons. Journal of Economic History 57: 139–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vleck, V. N. L. 1999. In defense again of ‘silly little bobtailed’ coal wagons: reply to Peter Scott. Journal of Economic History 59: 1081–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wale, J. 1994. What help have the banks given British industry? Some evidence on bank lending in the Midlands in the late nineteenth century. Accounting, Business and Financial History 4: 321–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, R., Winter, J., eds. 1988. The Upheaval of War: Family, Work and Welfare in Europe, 1914–18. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Walton, J. R. 1979. Mechanisation in agriculture: a study of the adoption process. In Fox, H. S. A. and Butlin, R. A., eds., Change in the Countryside: Essays on Rural England 1500–1900.Google Scholar
Walton, J. R. 1999. Varietal innovation and the competitiveness of the British cereals sector, 1760–1930. Agricultural History Review 47: 29–57.Google ScholarPubMed
Ward, D. 1967. The public schools and industry in Britain after 1870. Journal of Contemporary History 2: 37–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wardley, P. 1991. The anatomy of big business: aspects of corporate development in the twentieth century. Business History 33: 268–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wardley, P. 2000. The commercial banking industry and its part in the emergence and consolidation of the corporate economy in Britain before 1940. Journal of Industrial History 3: 71–97.Google Scholar
Warner, W. L. and Abegglen, J. C. 1955. Occupational Mobility in American Business and Industry, 1928–1952. Minneapolis, MN.Google Scholar
Watson, K. 1995. The new issue market as a source of finance for the UK brewing and iron and steel industries, 1870–1913. In Cassis, et al. 1995.
Watson, K. 1996. Banks and industrial finance: the experience of brewers 1880–1913. Economic History Review 49: 58–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, Sidney and Webb, Beatrice. 1897. Industrial Democracy.
Wehler, H. U. 1970. Bismarck’s imperialism 1862–90. Past and Present 48: 119–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westall, O. M. 1992. The Provincial Insurance Company, 1903–1938: Family, Markets and Competitive Growth. Manchester.Google Scholar
Whiteside, N. and Gillespie, J. A. 1991. Deconstructing unemployment: developments in Britain in the interwar years. Economic History Review 44: 665–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiener, M. J. 1981. English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit, 1850–1980. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wilkes, A. R. 1980. Adjustments in arable farming after the Napoleonic wars. Agricultural History Review 28: 90–103.Google Scholar
Wilkins, Mira. 1988. The free-standing company, 1870–1914: an important type of British foreign direct investment. Economic History Review 41: 259–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Alfred. 1915. Life in a Railway Factory.
Williams, F. 1935. Insurance companies and investment trusts. In Cole, 1935.
Williams, G. 1957. Recruitment to Skilled Trades.
Williams, G. 1963. Apprenticeship in Europe: The Lesson for Britain.
Williams, K. 1981. From Pauperism to Poverty.
Williams., N. J. 2000. Housing. In Fraser, W. H. and Lee, C. H., eds., Aberdeen 1800–2000: A New History. East Linton.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. G. 1981. Urban disamenities, dark satanic mills, and the British standard of living debate. Journal of Economic History 41: 75–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, J. G. 1984. Britishmortality and the value of life, 1781–1931. Population Studies 38: 157–72.Google ScholarPubMed
Williamson, J. G. 1990. Coping with City Growth during the British Industrial Revolution. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, J. G. 1991. Inequality, Poverty and History. Oxford.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. G. 1995. The evolution of global labour markets since 1830: background evidence and hypotheses. Explorations in Economic History 32: 141–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, C. 1977. Management and policy in large-scale enterprise: Lever Brothers and Unilever, 1918–1938. In Supple, 1977.
Wilson, J. F. 1995. British Business History, 1720–1994. Manchester.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. F. 1997. The finance of municipal capital expenditure in England and Wales, 1870–1914. Financial History Review 4: 31–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilt, A. F. 2001. Food for War: Agriculture and Rearmament in Britain before the Second World War. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winstanley, M. 1983. The Shopkeepers World, 1830–1914. Manchester.Google Scholar
Winstanley, M. 1994. Concentration and competition in the retail sector c. 1800–1990. In Kirby, and Rose, 1994.
Winter, J. M. 1979. Infant mortality, maternal mortality and public health in Britain in the 1930s. Journal of European Economic History 8: 439–62.Google Scholar
Winter, J. M. 1985. The Great War and the British People.
Withers, C. W. J. 1998. Urban Highlanders: Highland-Lowland Migration and Urban Gaelic Culture 1700–1900. East Linton.Google Scholar
Wolf, C. 1993. Markets or Governments: Choosing between Imperfect Alternatives, 2nd edn. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Wood, George H. 1901. Stationary wage-rates. Economic Journal 11: 151–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, George H. 1909. Real wages and the standard of comfort since 1850. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 72: 91–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, R. 1985. The effects of population redistribution on the level of mortality in nineteenth-century England and Wales. Journal of Economic History 45: 645–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, R. 1995. The Population of Britain in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Woods, R. 2000. The Demography of Victorian England and Wales. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, R. and Shelton, N. 1997. An Atlas of Victorian Mortality. Liverpool.Google Scholar
Woods, R., Woodward, J., eds. 1984. Urban Disease and Mortality in Nineteenth Century England.Google Scholar
Wordie, J. R. 2000. Perceptions and reality: the effects of the corn laws and their repeal in England, 1815–1906. In Wordie, J. R., ed., Agriculture and Politics in England, 1815–1939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,World Bank 1997. World Development Report, 1997: The State in a Changing World. Oxford.
Worswick, G. D. N. 1984. The sources of recovery in the UK in the 1930s. National Institute Economic Review 110: 85–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, G. 1971. An econometric study of cotton production and trade, 1830–60. Review of Economics and Statistics 53: 111–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, G. 1974. Cotton consumption and the post-bellum recovery of the American South. Journal of Economic History 34: 610–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrigley, C. 1987a. The First World War and state intervention in industrial relations, 1914–18. In Wrigley, 1987b.
Wrigley, C., ed. 1987b. A History of British Industrial Relations, II: 1914–39. Brighton.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. 1983. The growth of population in eighteenth-century England: a conundrum resolved. Past and Present 98: 121–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. 1987. People, Cities and Wealth. Oxford.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. 1988. Continuity, Chance and Change. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. 1998. Explaining the rise in fertility in England in the long eighteenth century. Economic History Review 51: 435–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. and Schofield, R. S. 1981. The Population History of England, 1541–1871: A Reconstruction.
Wrigley, E. A., Davies, R. S., Oeppen, J. E. and Schofield, R. S. 1997. English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580–1837. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrigley, J. 1986. Technical training and industry in Elbaum and Lazonick 1986.
Ziegler, D. 1997. The origins of the ‘Macmillan gap’: comparing Britain and Germany in the early twentieth century. In Cottrell, et al. 1997.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Edited by Roderick Floud, London Metropolitan University, Paul Johnson, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521820370.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Edited by Roderick Floud, London Metropolitan University, Paul Johnson, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521820370.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Edited by Roderick Floud, London Metropolitan University, Paul Johnson, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521820370.019
Available formats
×