Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-t6hkb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-14T03:05:02.976Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Indigenous Psychology and Intercultural Training

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2020

Dan Landis
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Hilo
Dharm P. S. Bhawuk
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Manoa
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Almeida, A. C. (2007). A cabeça do brasileiro [The head of Brazilians]. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Record.Google Scholar
Amado, G., & Vinagre-Brasil, H. V. (1991). Organizational behaviors and cultural context: The Brazilian “Jeitinho.” International Studies of Management and Organization, 21(3), 3861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asgary, N., & Walle, A. H. (2002). The cultural impact of globalisation: Economic activity and social change. Cross Cultural Management, 9(3), 5872.Google Scholar
Aycan, Z. (2008). Cross-cultural perspectives on work-family conflict. In Korabik, K. & Lero, D. (Eds.), Handbook of work-family conflict (pp. 359371). London, UK: Cambridge University.Google Scholar
Baer, W. (2008). The Brazilian Economy: Growth and Development. Boulder, OH, and London, UK: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Barbosa, L. (2006). O jeitinho brasileiro: A arte de ser mais igual do que os outros [The Brazilian Jeitinho: The art of being more equal than others]. São Paulo, Brazil: Campus.Google Scholar
Barros, B. T., & Prates, M. A. S. (1996) O estilo brasileiro de administrar [Brazilian management style]. São Paulo, Brazil: Atlas.Google Scholar
Berry, J. (1989). Imposed etics-emics-derived etics: The operationalization of a compelling idea. International Journal of Psychology, 24, 721735.Google Scholar
Bertsch, A., & Ondracek, J. (2010). The risks and rewards of doing business in Brazil: Can Brazil escape the fate of Greece? Mountain Plains Journal of Business and Economics, 11, 2342.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2008). Globalization and indigenous cultures: Homogenization or differentiation? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 305317.Google Scholar
Black, J. S., & Mendenhall, M. (1990). Cross-cultural effectiveness: A review and a theoretical framework for future research. Academy of Management Review, 15(1), 113136.Google Scholar
Brasil: Banco Central do Brasil (2018). The Real Plan stabilization program. Retrieved February 12, 2018, from www.bcb.gov.br/en/monetarypolicy/realplanGoogle Scholar
Caldas, M. P. (2009). Culturas brasileiras: Entendendo perfis culturais no plural e em mutação [Brazilian cultures: Understanding cultural profiles in the plural and mutation]. In Barbosa, L. (Ed.), Cultura e diferença nas organizações: Reflexões sobre nós e os outros [Culture and difference in organizations: Reflecting about us and the others]. São Paulo, Brazil: Atlas.Google Scholar
Caligiuri, P., Phillips, J., Lazarova, M., Tarique, I., & Bürgi, P. (2001). The theory of met expectations applied to expatriate adjustment: The role of cross-cultural training. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(3), 357372.Google Scholar
Candido, A. (1972). The Brazilian family. In Smith, T. L. & Marchant, A. (Eds.), Brazil: Portrait of half a continent (pp. 291312). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Carl, D., Gupta, V., & Javidan, M. (2004). Power distance. In House, D., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P., & Gupta, V. (Eds.), Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies (pp. 513563). Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage.Google Scholar
Cheung, M. F. Y., Wu, W.-P., Chan, A. K. K., & Wong, M. M. L. (2009). Supervisor-subordinate guanxi and employee work outcomes: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 7789Google Scholar
Chiochetta, J. C., Hatakeyama, K., & Leite, M. L. (2004). Evolução histórica da indústria brasileira: Desafios, oportunidades e formas de gestão [Historical evolution of Brazilian industry: Challenges, opportunities and management models]. In Congresso Brasileiro do Ensino de Engenharia-COBENGE2004 [Brazilian Congress of Engineering Teaching]. Brasília: COBENGE. Accessed at: www.pg.cefetpr.br/ppgep/Ebook/ARTIGOS/17.pdfGoogle Scholar
Costa, J. P. C. (2007). De decasségui a emigrante. Brasília: Fundação Alexandre GusmãoGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, R. B., & Sarayrah, Y. K. (1993). Wasta: The hidden force in Middle Eastern society. Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar
DaMatta, R. (1986). O que faz o brasil, Brasil? [What does brazil, Brazil?]. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Rocco.Google Scholar
Dessen, M. A., & Torres, C. V. (2002). Family and socialization factors in Brazil: An overview. In Lonner, W. J., Dinnel, D. L., Hayes, S. A., & Sattler, D. N. (Eds.), Online readings in psychology and culture (Vol. 13, pp. 111).Washington, DC.Google Scholar
D’Iribarne, P. (1983). La logique d’honneur: gestion des entreprises et traditions nationales. France: Éditions du Seuil.Google Scholar
D’Iribarne, P. (2009). Conceptualizing national cultures: An antthropological perspective. European Journal of International Management. 3(2). 167175. DOI: 10.1504/EJIM.2009.02432Google Scholar
Droogers, A. (1988). Brazilian minimal religiosity. In Banck, G. & Koonings, K. (Eds.), Social change in contemporary Brasil (pp. 165175). Amsterdam, Netherlands: CEDLA.Google Scholar
Duarte, F. (2006). Exploring the interpersonal transaction of the Brazilian jeitinho in bureaucratic contexts. Organization, 13, 509528.Google Scholar
Ettorre, B. (1998). A business case for today’s Brasil and Argentina. Management Review, 87(9), 1015.Google Scholar
Ferreira, M. C., Fischer, R., Porto, J. B., Pilati, R., & Milfont, T. (2012). Unraveling the mystery of Brazilian jeitinho: A cultural exploration of social norms. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 38(3) 331344.Google ScholarPubMed
Fiúza, G. (2006). 3.000 dias no bunker. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Record.Google Scholar
Forster, N. (2000) Expatriates and the impact of cross-cultural training. Human Resource Management Journal, 10(3), 6378.Google Scholar
Freitas, A. B. (1997). Traços brasileiros para uma análise organizacional [Brazilian traits for organizational analysis]. In Caldas, M. P. & Motta, F. C. P. (Eds), Cultura organizacional e cultura brasileira [Organizational culture and Brazilian culture]. Sao Paulo, Brazil: Atlas.Google Scholar
Freyre, G. (1973). Casa grande & senzala [The big house and the house of slaves] (12th ed.). Brasilia: UnB.Google Scholar
Friedlmeier, W. (1995). Subjektive Erziehungstheoreien im Kulturvergleich [Subjective educational theories in cultural comparison]. In Trommsdorff, G. (Ed.), Kindheit und Jugend in verschiedenen Kulturen (pp. 4364). Weinheim, Germany: Juventa.Google Scholar
Geiger, P. P. (1967). Geografia e planejamento. Revista Brasileira de Geografia, 29(3), 2558.Google Scholar
Gomes, M. A. (2008). Antes do Kasato Maru: Centenário da colônia agrícola japonesa na fazenda Santo Antônio [Before Kasato Maru: The centenary of the agricultural Japanese colony in the Santo Antonio farm]. Macabú, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
Guss, D. C. (2011). Fire and ice: Testing a model on culture and complex problem solving. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(7) 12791298.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1966). The hidden dimension. New York, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1985). Hidden Differences: Studies in International Ccommunication. Hamburg, Germany: Grunder and Jahr.Google Scholar
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(1), 61135. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X0999152XGoogle Scholar
Higuchi, N. (2005). Brazilian migration to Japan – Trends modalities and impact. Expert group meeting on international migration and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Cidade do México, Mexico: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2003). Cultures and organizations. Software of the Mind (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.Google Scholar
Holanda, S. B. (1973). Raízes do Brasil [Roots of Brazil] (7th ed.). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Livraria José Olympio Editora.Google Scholar
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
IBGE – Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. (2018). Aspectos demográficos: Notas Estatísticas. Retrieved March 6, 2018, from http://stat.correioweb.com.br/euestudante/censo/2016/notas-estatisticas-censo-da-educacao-superior-2016.pdfGoogle Scholar
INEP – Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira. (2017). Censo da Educação Superior 2016: Notas Estatísticas. Retrieved March 21, 2018, from www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/indicadoresminimos/tabela1.shtmGoogle Scholar
Islam, G. (2010). Between unity and diversity: Historical and cultural foundations of Brazilian management. Insper Working Paper 218. Accessed at www.insper.edu.br/working-papers/working-papers-2010/between-unity-and-diversity-historical-and-cultural-foundations-of-brazilian-management/Google Scholar
Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., de Luque, M. S., & House, R. J. (2006). In the eye of the beholder: Cross cultural lessons in leadership from project GLOBE. Academy of Management Perspectives, February, 67–90.Google Scholar
Kim, U., Yang, K., & Hwang, K. K. (Eds.). (2006). Indigenous and cultural psychology: Understanding people in context. New York, NY: Springer SBM Publications.Google Scholar
Kinzo, M. D. (2001). A democratização brasileira [The Brazilian democratization]. São Paulo em Perspectiva, 15, 312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobayashi-Hillary, M. (2007). Global services: Moving to a level playing field. London, UK: British Computer Society.Google Scholar
Kotabe, M., & Helsen, K. (2001) Marketing global marketing. Mexico: Limusa Wiley.Google Scholar
Kotzur, P. F., Torres, C. V., Kedzior, K. K., & Boehnke, K. (2015). Political consumer behaviour among university students in Brazil and Germany: The role of contextual features and core political values. International Journal of Psychology, 52(2), 126135. DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12204Google Scholar
Landis, D., & Bhagat, R. (1996). Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Lenartowics, T., & Roth, K. (2001). Does subculture within a country matter? A cross-culture study of motivational domains and business performance in Brazil. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(2), 305325.Google Scholar
Lesser, J. (2001). Negotiating national identity: Immigrants, minorities, and the struggle for ethnicity in Brazil. New York, NY: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Lesser, J. (2015). A invenção da brasilidade: Identidade nacional, etnicidade e políticas de imigração [The invention of the Brasilianity: National identity, ethnicity, and immigration policies]. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora Unesp.Google Scholar
Levine, R. (1997). A geography of time: The temporal misadventures of a social psychologist, or how every culture keeps time just a little bit differently. New York, NY: BasicBooks.Google Scholar
Luthans, F., & Doh, J. P. (2009). International management: Culture, strategy and behaviour (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.Google Scholar
Martins, M. A. C. (2001). Regimes constitucionais, crescimento e estagnação na economia brasileira: 1947–1999 [Constitutional regime, growth and stagnation in Brazilian economy: 1947–1999]. Brasília: Universidade de Brasília. Accessed at www.aeconomiadobrasil.com.br/artigo.php?artigo=87Google Scholar
Messa, A. (2013). Structural change in the Brazilian economy in the 2000s. Revista de Economia Contemporânea, 17(3), 452467. DOI: 10.1590/S1415-98482013000300003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Motta, F. C. P. (2010). Cultura e organizações no Brasil [Culture and organizations in Brazil]. In Motta, F. C., & M. & Caldas, (Eds.), Cultura organizacional e cultura brasileira [Organizational culture and Brazilian culture] (pp. 2537). São Paulo, Brazil: Atlas.Google Scholar
Nascimento, T. G. (2014). Performance compétente: Relations avec valeurs, pratiques et identité dans le service de police. Doctoral Thesis obtained at the Centre d’Études et de Recherche en Gestion – CERGAM – l’École Doctorale de Sciences Économiques et de Gestion de l’Université d’Aix–Marseille. Marseille, France.Google Scholar
OECD: OECD Income Distribution Database (IDD): Gini, poverty, income, Methods and Concepts. Retrieved March 1, 2018, from www.oecd.org/social/income-distribution-database.htmGoogle Scholar
O’Keefe, H., & O’Keefe, W. M. (2004). Business behaviors in Brazil and the USA: Understanding the gaps. International Journal of Social Economics, 31(5/6), 614622.Google Scholar
Oliven, G. R. (1992). A parte e o todo: A diversidade cultural no Brasil-nação [The part and the whole: The cultural diversity in Brazil]. Petrópolis, Brazil: Vozes.Google Scholar
O’Neill, J. (2001). Building better global economic BRICs. Global Economics Paper No: 66. Accessed at www.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/building-better-doc.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pearson, V. M., & Stephan, W. G. (1998). Preferences for styles of negotiation: A comparison of Brazil and the U.S. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22, 6783.Google Scholar
Penha, E. A. (1993). A criação do IBGE no contexto da centralização política do Estado Novo. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: CCDI/IBGE.Google Scholar
Pilati, R., Milfont, T., Ferreira, M. C., Porto, J., & Fischer, R. (2011). Brazilian jeitinho: Understanding and explaining an indigenous psychological construct. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 45, 2938.Google Scholar
Ribeiro, D. (1997). O povo brasileiro: a formação e sentido do Brasil [Brazilian people: The formation and meaning of Brazil]. São Paulo, Brazil: Companhia das Letras.Google Scholar
Samara, E. M. (2010). Família, mulheres e povoamento: São Paulo, século XVII [Family, women and population: São Paulo, 17th century]. São Paulo, Brazil: EDUSC, Editora da Universidade do Sagrado Coração.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., Caprara, G. V., & Vecchione, M. (2010). Basic personal values, core political values, and voting: A longitudinal analysis. Political Psychology, 31, 421452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., Ramos, A., Verkasalo, M., Lönnqvist, J.-E., Demirutku, K., Dirilen-Gumus, O., & Konty, M. (2012). Refining the theory of basic individual values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(4), 663688.Google Scholar
Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29, 240275.Google Scholar
Smith, P. B. (2007). Towards studies of organizational behaviour with greater local relevance. Revista de Psicología, 25(2), 177198.Google Scholar
Smith, P. B., & Bond, M. H. (1999). Social psychology: Across cultures (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Smith, P. B., Huang, H. J., Harb, C., & Torres, C. V. (2011). How distinctive are indigenous ways of achieving influence? A comparative study of guanxi, wasta, jeitinho, and “pulling strings.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1–18.Google Scholar
Smith, P. B., Peterson, M. F., Akande, D., Callan, V., Cho, N. G., Jesuino, J., D’Amorim, M. A., Koopman, P., Leung, K., Mortazawi, S., Munene, J., Radford, M., Ropo, A., Savage, G., & Viedge, C. (1994). Organizational event management in fourteen countries: A comparison with Hofstede’s dimensions. In Bouvy, A. M., van der Vijver, F., Schmitz, P., & Boski, P. (Eds.), Journeys into cross-cultural psychology (pp. 364373). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.Google Scholar
Smith, P. B., Torres, C. V., Leong, C. H., Budhwar, P., Achoui, M., & Lebedeva, N. (2012). Are indigenous approaches to achieving influence in business organizations distinctive? A comparative study of guanxi, wasta, jeitinho, svyazi, and “pulling strings.” International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23, 333348.Google Scholar
Søndergaard, M. (1994). Research note: Hofstede’s consequences: A study of reviews, citations and replications. Organization Studies, 15(3), 447456.Google Scholar
Strohschneider, S., & Güss, D. (1998). Planning and problem solving: Differences between Brazilians and German students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 695716.Google Scholar
Tanure, B. (2004) Gestão à Brasileira (3rd ed.) [Management made in Brazil] Sao Paulo, Brazil: Atlas.Google Scholar
Tanure, B., & Duarte, R. G. (2005). Leveraging competitiveness upon national cultural traits: The management of people in Brazilian companies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 22012217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres, C. V., & Dessen, M. A. (2006). The Brazilian jeitinho: Brazil’s sub-cultures, its diversity of social contexts, and its family structures. In Georgas, J., Berry, J. W., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Kagitçibasi, C., & Poortinga, Y. H. (Eds.). Families across cultures: A 30-nation psychological study (pp.259267). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Torres, C. V., & Dessen, M. A. (2008). Brazilian culture, family, and its ethnic-cultural variety. Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies, 12, 4162.Google Scholar
Torres, C. V., & Pérez-Nebra, A. R. (2015). Evaluación del individualismo-colectivismo vertical-horizontal en Brasil: una propuesta de medida. Perspectivas en Psicología, 12(2), 921.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1994). Cross-cultural industrial and organizational psychology. In Triandis, H. C., Dunnette, M. D., & Hough, L. M. (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 4, 2nd. ed., pp. 103172). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism–collectivism and personality. Journal of Personality, 69(6), 907924. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.696169Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., & Gelfand, M. J. (1998). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 118128.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., McCusker, C., & Hui, C. H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 10061020.Google Scholar
Van Horn, K. R., Garian, K. R., Souza, E. Z., & Feijó, M. (1995). Cultural attitudes and values in Brazilian and US college students. XXV Interamerican Congress of Psychology. San Juan, Porto Rico.Google Scholar
Van Horn, K. R., & Marques, J. C. (1999). Development of interpersonal negotiation strategies in Brazilian adolescents. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 32, 2131.Google Scholar
Vercueil, J. (2010). Les pays émergents. Brésil-Russie-Inde-Chine: Mutations économiques et nouveaux défis. Paris, France: Bréal.Google Scholar
Xin, K. R., & Pearce, J. L.. (1996). Guanxi: Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 14611568.Google Scholar
Woortman, E. F. (1988). Colonos e Sitiantes: um estudo do parentesco e reprodução camponesa [Colonizees and Invators: A study of the parenthood and country reproduction]. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Department of Anthropology, University of Brasília, Brazil.Google Scholar
Worldometers (February 28, 2018). Retrieved from www.worldometers.info/world-population/brazil-population/Google Scholar
Zimmermann, Z. (2009). Law and society in Brazil: The prevailing perceptions of law in Brazilian society. International Journal of Private Law, 2, 1530.Google Scholar

References

Allik, J., Realo, A., Mõttus, R., Pullmann, H., Trifonova, A., McCrae, R. R., … Tikhonova, E. V. (2011). Personality profiles and the “Russian Soul”: Literary and scholarly views evaluated. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(3), 372389.Google Scholar
Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3(3), 335371.Google Scholar
Ayios, A. (2004). Trust and Western-Russian business relationships: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2009). Intercultural training for the global workplace: Review, synthesis, and theoretical explorations. In Bhagat, R. S. & Steers, R. M. (Eds.), Culture, organization, and work (pp. 462488). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., Sakuda, K. H., & Munusamy, V. (2009). Intercultural competence development and triple-loop cultural learning: Toward a theory of intercultural sensitivity. In Ang, S. & Van Dyne, L. (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (pp. 342355). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Brainerd, E. (2008). Uncounted costs of World War II: The effect of changing sex ratios on marriage and fertility of Russian women. Seattle, WA: National Council for Eurasian and East European Research.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Yoshida, T. (1994). Intercultural communication training: An introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Camiah, N., & Hollinshead, G. (2003). Assessing the potential for effective cross-cultural working between “new” Russian managers and western expatriates. Journal of World Business, 38(3), 245261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conquest, R. (2008). The great terror: A reassessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cushner, K., & Brislin, R. W. (1996). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Daniels, M. A., & Greguras, G. J. (2014). Exploring the nature of power distance: Implications for micro- and macro-level theories, processes, and outcomes. Journal of Management, 40(5), 12021229.Google Scholar
Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Elenkov, D. S. (1998). Can American management concepts work in Russia? A cross-cultural comparative study. California Management Review, 40(4).Google Scholar
Ellman, M. (2002). Soviet repression statistics: Some comments. Europe-Asia Studies, 54(7), 11511172.Google Scholar
Fey, C. F., & Shekshnia, S. (2011). The key commandments for doing business in Russia. Organizational Dynamics, 40, 5766.Google Scholar
Filipov, D. (1994). Cagey about a Russian bear. The Moscow Times. Retrieved from, www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/cagey-about-a-russian-bear/211658.htmlGoogle Scholar
Gannon, M. J. (2004). Understanding global cultures: Metaphorical journeys through 28 nations, clusters of nations, and continents: Sage.Google Scholar
Grachev, M., Rogovsky, N., & Rakitski, B. (2004). Business leadership and culture in transitional economy: A case of Russia. In Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., & House, R. J. (Eds.), GLOBE: Societal culture and leadership in (pp. 803832). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlabaum.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. H. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. H., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (Rev. and expanded 2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
House, R. J., Hanges, P., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hudabiunigg, I. (2013). “The Russian bear dances until dawn”: The animal metaphor for Russia and its representatives in German media (2000–2013). Labirint, (4). Retrieved from http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-russian-bear-dances-until-dawn-the-animal-metaphor-for-russia-and-its-representatives-in-german-media-2000-2013Google Scholar
Kets de Vries, M. F. R. (2000). A journey into the “Wild East”: Leadership style and organizational practices in Russia. Organizational Dynamics, 28(4), 6781.Google Scholar
Kets de Vries, M. F. R., Korotov, K., & Shekshnia, S. (2008). Russia: A work in progress transcending the fifth “time of troubles.” Organizational Dynamics, 37(3), 211220.Google Scholar
Kets de Vries, M. F. R., Shekshnia, S., Korotov, K., & Florent-Treacy, E. (2004). The new global Russian business leaders: Lessons from a decade of transition. European Management Journal, 22(6), 637648.Google Scholar
Kolb, D. A. (1976). Management and the learning process. California Management Review, 18(3), 2131.Google Scholar
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Kovbasyuk, O. (2010). Meaningful education as a resource of global learning. In Alagic, M., Rimmington, G. M., Liu, F. C., & Gibson, K. L. (Eds.), Locating intercultures. Educating for global collaboration (pp. 8198). New Delhi, India: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kovbasyuk, O., & Blessinger, P. (2013). Meaning-centered education: International perspectives and explorations in higher education: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kuznetsov, A., & Kuznetsova, O. (2005). Business culture in modern Russia: Deterrents and influences. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 2(2), 2531.Google Scholar
Lebedeva, N. M. (2000). The basic values of Russians towards XXI century. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 21(3), 7387.Google Scholar
Ledeneva, A. V. (1998). Russia’s economy of favours: Blat, networking and informal exchange (Vol. 102): Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Markevich, A., & Harrison, M. (2011). Great war, civil war, and recovery: Russia’s national income, 1913 to 1928. The Journal of Economic History, 71(3), 672703.Google Scholar
Merquior, J. G. (2006). Rousseau and Weber. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Michailova, S., & Worm, V. (2003). Personal networking in Russia and China: Blat and guanxi. European Management Journal, 21(4), 509519.Google Scholar
Naumov, A., & Puffer, S. (2000). Measuring Russian culture using Hofstede’s dimensions. Applied Psychology, 49(4), 709718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Platoff, A. M. (2012). The “Forward Russia” flag: Examining the changing use of the bear as a symbol of Russia. Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, 19.Google Scholar
Puffer, S. M. (1994). Understanding the bear: A portrait of Russian business leaders. Academy of Management Executive, 8(1), 4154.Google Scholar
Puffer, S. M., & McCarthy, D. J. (2011). Two decades of Russian business and management research: An institutional theory perspective. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(2), 2136.Google Scholar
Ries, N. (1994). Mystical poverty and the rewards of less: Russian culture and conversation during perestroika. Dissertation Abstract International. Available from University Microfilms AA (No. 9406121)Google Scholar
Rose, R. (1994). Postcommunism and the problem of trust. Journal of Democracy, 5(3), 1830.Google Scholar
Rosenblatt, V., Worthley, R., & MacNab, B. (2013). From contact to development in experiential cultural intelligence education: The mediating influence of expectancy disconfirmation. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 12(3), 356379.Google Scholar
Rosten, K. A. (1991). Soviet-US joint ventures: Pioneers on a new frontier. California Management Review, 33(2), 88108.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (2014). National culture as value orientations: Consequences of value differences and cultural distance. In Ginsburgh, V. A. & Throsby, D. (Eds.), Handbook of the economics of art and culture (Vol. 2, pp. 547586). Elsevier.Google Scholar
Shekshnia, S. V., Puffer, S. M., & McCarthy, D. J. (2009). Cultural mythology and global leadership in Russia. In Kessler, E. H. & Wong-MingJi, D. J. (Eds.), Cultural mythology and global leadership (pp. 325342). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Shleifer, A., & Treisman, D. (2005). A normal country: Russia after communism. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(1), 151174.Google Scholar
Smith, R. E. F., & Christian, D. (1984). Bread and Salt: a social and economic history of food and drink in Russia: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tkachenko, I. (2012). Texan teen to become first American to graduate from premier Russian ballet school. NBC News. Retrieved from http://dailynightly.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/04/07/11061555-texan-teen-to-become-first-american-to-graduate-from-premier-russian-ballet-schoolGoogle Scholar
Vraciu, M. (2012). Russia(n) in context: Aspects of metaphor in the Russian political discourse. International Journal of Communication Research, 2(4).Google Scholar

References

Ames, R., & Hall, D. (2010). Dao De Jing: A philosophical translation. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar
Apte, V. S. (1890). The practical saMskRta-English dictionary. pUnA, India: zirAlkar & Co.Google Scholar
Basham, A. L. (1954). The wonder that was India. New York, NY: Grove.Google Scholar
Bharati, A. (1985). The self in Hindu thought and action. In Marsella, A. J., DeVos, G., & Hsu, F. L. K. (Eds.), Culture and self: Asian and Western perspectives (pp. 185230). New York, NY: Tavistock Publications.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1997). Leadership through relationship management: Using the theory of individualism and collectivism. In Brislin, R. W. & Cushner, K. (Eds.), Improving intercultural interactions: Modules for cross-cultural training programs, (Vol. 2, pp. 4056). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2003). Culture’s influence on creativity: The case of Indian spirituality. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27 (1), 122.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2008). Toward an Indian organizational psychology. In Rao, K. R., Paranjpe, A. C., & Dalal, A. K. (Eds.), Handbook of Indian psychology (pp. 471491). New Delhi, India: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2011a). Spirituality and Indian psychology: Lessons from the Bhagavad-Gita. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2011b). Beyond conflict, violence, and retaliation: Gandhijee as an exemplar of indigenous approaches to leadership education. In Paande, J., Sinha, T. N., & Sinha, A. K., (Eds.), Dialogue for development (pp.105141). New Delhi, India: Concept Publisher.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2012). India and the culture of peace: Beyond ethnic, religious, and other conflicts. In Landis, D. & Albert, R. (Eds.), Handbook of ethnic conflict (pp.137174). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2014). citta or consciousness: Some perspectives from Indian psychology. Journal of Indian Psychology, 28(1 & 2), 3743.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2017). lajjA in Indian psychology: Spiritual, social, and literary perspectives. In Vanderheiden, E. & Mayer, C.-H. (Eds.), The value of shame – Exploring a health resource across cultures (pp.109134). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2018a). Cultivating meditation for leading a peaceful life. 3D…IBA Journal of Management and Leadership, 9(2), 2427.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2018b). Cultural assumptions in India and the United States. In Kim, Y. Y. (Gen. Ed.) & McKay-Semmler, K. L. (Assoc. Ed.), The international encyclopedia of intercultural communication (Vol.1, pp. 434442). Malden, MA: Wiley. DOI: 10.1002/9781118783665Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2019a). lokasaMgraha: An indigenous construct of leadership from India. In Dhiman, S. & Amar, A. D. (Eds.), Managing by the Gita: Timeless lessons for today’s managers. Springer.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2019b). adhyAtma or spirituality: Indian perspectives on management. In Pawan, S. B., Rajesh, K., & Arup, V. (Eds.), Indian business (pp. 256266). London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2019c). Toward a spirituality-based theory of creativity: Indigenous perspectives from India. In Kuang-Hui, Y. (Ed.), Asian indigenous psychologies in the global context (pp. 139168). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2019d). lajjA: Learning, unlearning, and relearning. In Vanderheiden, E. & Mayer, C.-H. (Eds.), The bright side of shame: Transforming and growing through practical applications in cultural contexts (pp. 3549). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., Mrazek, S., & Munusamy, V. P. (2009). From social engineering to community transformation: Amul, Grameen Bank, and Mondragon as exemplar organizations. Peace & Policy: Ethical Transformations for a Sustainable Future, 14, 3663.Google Scholar
Chakraborty, S. K. (1987 ). Managerial effectiveness and quality of work life: Indian insights. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Chakraborty, S. K. (1993). Managerial transformation by values: A corporate pilgrimage. New Delhi, India: Sage.Google Scholar
Cohen, L. (1998). No ageing in India: Alzheimer’s, the bad family, and other modern things. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Naeem, S., Limburg, K., Paruelo, J., O’Neill, R. V., Raskin, R., Sutton, P., van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253260.Google Scholar
Creighton, M. R. (1990). Revisiting shame and guilt cultures: A forty-year pilgrimage. Ethos, 18(3), 279307.Google Scholar
Dale, E. S. (1991). Bringing heaven down to earth: A practical spirituality of work. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Dehler, G. E., & Welsh, M. A. (1994). Spirituality and organizational transformation: Implications for the new management paradigm. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 9(6), 1726.Google Scholar
Fast buck.” (2006). “They are traders out to make a fast buck.” Dawn. September 11, 2006: www.dawn.com/news/209870/traders-out-to-make-a-fast-buckGoogle Scholar
Fayol, H. (1949). General and industrial management (Constance Storrs, Trans.). London, UK: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons. (Original work published 1916).Google Scholar
Fung, H. (1999). Becoming a moral child: The socialization of shame among young Chinese children. Ethos, 27(2), 180209.Google Scholar
Gambhirananda, S. (1998). Bhagavadgita with the annotation guDhArthadIpikA Madhusudana Saraswati. Tiruchirappalli, India: zrI rAmakRSNa tapovanam.Google Scholar
Holland, J. (1989). Creative communion: Toward a spirituality of work. New York, NY: Paulist Press.Google Scholar
Isaksen, S. G. & Murdock, M. C. (1993). The emergence of a discipline: Issues and approaches to the study of creativity. In Isaksen, S. G., Murdock, M. C., Firestien, R. L., Treffinger, D. J. (Eds.),Understanding and recognizing creativity: The emergence of a discipline (pp. 1347) Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Kennedy, S. (2012). “No law against price jacking in emergencies.” Retrieved July 25, 2019, from www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/06/13/3524233.htmGoogle Scholar
Lebra, T. S. (1983). Shame and guilt: A psychocultural view of the Japanese self. Ethos, 11(3), 192209.Google Scholar
Lee, M. (1991). Spirituality in organisations: Empowerment and purpose. Management Education and Development, 22(3), 221226.Google Scholar
Lewis, H. B. (1971). Shame and guilt in neurosis. Psychoanalytic Review, 58(3), 419.Google Scholar
Menon, U., & Shweder, R. (1994). Kali’s tongue: Cultural psychology and the power of “shame” in Orissa, India. In Kitayama, S. & Markus, H. (Eds.), Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Menon, U., & Shweder, R. (2003). Dominating Kali: Hindu family values and tantric power. In McDermott, R. & Kripal, J. (Eds.), Encountering Kali: in the margins, at the center, in the west. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mitroff, I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A spiritual audit of corporate America: A hard look at spirituality, religion, and values in the workplace. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Monier-Williams, M. (1899). A saMskRta-English Dictionary. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Reprinted in 1960.Google Scholar
Moore, Charles A. (1967). Introduction: The comprehensive Indian mind. In Moore, C.A. (Ed.), The Indian mind: Essentials of Indian philosophy and culture (pp. 118). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
Nehru, J. (2004). The discovery of India: 1946. London, UK: Meridian.Google Scholar
Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological review, 108(2), 291.Google Scholar
Ouchi, W. G. (1980). Markets, bureaucracies, and clans. Administrative Science Quarterly, 129–141.Google Scholar
Paranjpe, A. C. (1970). Caste, prejudice, and the individual. Bombay, India: Lalvani Publishing House.Google Scholar
Paranjpe, A. C. (1975). In search of identity. New York, NY: Halsted Press.Google Scholar
Paranjpe, A. C. (1984). Theoretical psychology: The meeting of East and West. New York, NY: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Paranjpe, A. C. (1998). Self and identity in modern psychology and Indian thought. New York, NY: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Radhakrishnan, S., & Moore, C. A. (2014). A source book in Indian philosophy. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rao, K. R., Paranjpe, A. C., & Dalal, A. K. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of Indian Psychology. New Delhi, India: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roth, B. (2011). Transcendental Meditation. Fairfield, IA: Maharishi University of Management Press.Google Scholar
Sheldon, W. H. (1951). Main contrasts between Eastern and Western philosophy. In Moore, C. A., (Ed.) Essays in East-West Philosophy (pp. 288297). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Sinha, J. B. P. (1980). The nurturant task leader. New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing House.Google Scholar
Sinha, J. B. P. (1990). Work culture in the Indian context. New Delhi, India: Sage.Google Scholar
Sinha, J. B. P. (1995). The cultural context of leadership and power. New Delhi, India: Sage.Google Scholar
Sinha, J. B. P. (2000). Patterns of work culture: Cases and strategies for culture building. New Delhi, India: Sage.Google Scholar
Sinha, J. B. P. (2010). Living and doing psychology. Psychology and Developing Societies, 22 (1), 95120.Google Scholar
Sinha, J. B. P. (2014). Psycho-social analysis of the Indian mind-set. New Delhi, India: Springer.Google Scholar
Sinha, M., & Chauhan, V. (2013). Deconstructing LajjA as a aarker of Indian womanhood. Psychology and Developing Societies, 25(1), 133163.Google Scholar
Thapar, R. (2015). The Penguin history of early India: From the origins to AD 1300. UK: Penguin.Google Scholar
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(10), 13391351.Google Scholar
Wilson, M. S. (2010). Developing tomorrow’s leader today: Insights from corporate India. Singapore: Wiley.Google Scholar

References

Alexander, C. N., & Knight, G. W. (1971). Situated identities and social psychological experimentation. Sociometry, 34, 6582.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. N., & Lauderdale, P. (1977). Situated identities and social psychological experimentation. Sociometry, 40, 225233.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. N., & Rudd, J. (1981). Situated identities and response variables. In Tedeschi, J. T. (Ed.), Impression management theory and social psychological research. New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. N., & Wiley, M. G. (1981) Situated activity and identity formation. In Rosenberg, M. & Turner, R. (Eds.), Social psychology: Sociological perspectives. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. R. (2000). Cognitive psychology and its implications (5th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishing.Google Scholar
Beyond Hainan.” (2001, April). The Economist. Available at: www.economist.comGoogle Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1995). The role of culture theory in cross-cultural training: A comparative evaluation of culture-specific, culture general, and theory-based assimilators. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1998). The role of culture theory in cross-cultural training: A multimethod study of culture-specific, culture-general, and culture theory-based assimilators. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(5), 630655.Google Scholar
Bond, M. H., & Wang, S. H. (1981). Aggressive behavior in Chinese society: The problem of maintaining order and harmony. Acta Psychologica Tawanica, 23, 5773.Google Scholar
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1978). Politeness: Some universal in language usage. London, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cardon, P. W., & Scott, J. C. (2003). Chinese business face: Communication behaviors and teaching approaches. Bus. Commun. Q. 66, 922. DOI: 10.1177/108056990306600402Google Scholar
Chang, D. S. (1989). The order complex of the Confucian ethics: Sociological interpretation of Chinese thinking. Taipei, Taiwan: Ju-Liu Press.Google Scholar
Chang, H., & Holt, R. (1994). A Chinese perspective on face as inter-relational concern. In Ting-Toomey, S. (Ed.), The challenge of face work: Cross cultural and interpersonal issues (pp. 95132). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Chen, R., & Hwang, K. K. (2016). Nation, face, and identity: An initial investigation of national face in East Asia. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1557. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01557Google Scholar
Cheng, C. Y. (1986). The concept of face and its Confucian roots. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 13, 329348.Google Scholar
Chinese Culture Connection. (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18, 143164.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. A. (1967). Chinese mediation on the eve of modernization. In Buxbaum, D. C. (Ed.), Traditional and modern legal institutions in Asia and Africa (pp. 5476). Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Druckman, D. (1994). Nationalism, patriotism, and group loyalty: A social psychological perspective. Mershon International Studies Review, 38, 4368.Google Scholar
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Fiske, A. P. (1991). Structures of social life: The four elementary forms of human relations. New York, NY: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Foa, E. B., & Foa, U. G. (1976). Resource theory of social exchange. In Thibaut, J. W., Spence, J. T., & Carson, R. C. (Eds.), Contemporary topics in social psychology (pp. 99131). New York, NY: General Learning Press.Google Scholar
Gabrenya, W. K., & Hwang, K. K. (1996). Chinese social interaction: Harmony and hierarchy on the good earth. In Bond, M. H. (Ed.), The handbook of Chinese psychology. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York, NY: Doubleday, Anchor.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to face behavior. London, UK: Penguin.Google Scholar
Gouldner, A. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 19761977.Google Scholar
Gries, P. H. (2004). China’s new nationalism: Pride, politics, and diplomacy. Ewing, NJ: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Haltiwanger, J. (2017). Did North Korea’s Kim Jong Un Just Slap China in the Face? Supreme Leader Didn’t Meet Senior Envoy From Beijing. Newsweek. Available at: www.newsweek.comGoogle Scholar
Ho, D Y. F. (1991). Relational orientation and methological relationalism. Bulletin of the Hong Kong Psychological Society, 26 –27, 8195.Google Scholar
Ho, D Y. F. (1998). Interpersonal relationships and relationship dominance: An analysis based on methological relationalism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 116.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9, 4263.Google Scholar
Hsu, F. L. K. (1953). Americans and Chinese: Two ways of life. New York, NY: Henry Schuman.Google Scholar
Hsu, F. L. K. (1971). Psychological homeostasis and jen: Conceptual tools for advancing psychological anthropology. American Anthropologist, 73, 2344.Google Scholar
Hu, H. C. (1944). The Chinese concepts of “face.” American Anthropologist, 46, 4564.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (1987). Face and favor: The Chinese power game. American Journal Sociology, 92(4), 944974.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (1995). Knowledge and action: A social psychological interpretation of Chinese cultural tradition (in Chinese). Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological Publisher.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (1999). Filial piety and loyalty: The types of social identification in Confucianism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 129149.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (2001). The deep structure of Confucianism: A social psychological approach. Asian Philosophy, 11(3), 179204.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (2006). Moral face and social face: Contingent self-esteem in Confucian society. International Journal of Psychology, 41(4), 276281.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (2010). Reflecting on oneself: Self-cultivation in modern society (in Chinese). Taipei, Taiwan: Hung Yeh Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (2011). A proposal for scientific revolution in psychology (in Chinese). Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (2012). Foundations of Chinese psychology: Confucian social relations. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (2013).Confucian culture and “face” dynamism in international politics. Int. Polit. Q. 34, 2034.Google Scholar
Jia, W. (2001). The remaking of the Chinese character and identity in the 2lst century: The Chinese face practices. Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing.Google Scholar
King, A. Y. S. (1988). “Face,” “shame” and analysis of Chinese behavior. In Yang, K. S. (Ed.), Psychology of Chinese people (in Chinese) (pp. 319345). Taipei, Taiwan: Laureate Pub. Co.Google Scholar
King, A. Y. S., & Myers, J. T. (1977). Shame as an incomplete conception of Chinese culture: A study of face. Hong Kong: Social Research Center, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, C. (1963). Structural Anthropology. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Ma, R. (1992). The role of unofficial intermediaries in interpersonal conflicts in the Chinese culture. Communication Quarterly, 40, 267–278.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1926). Crime and custom in savage society. London, UK: Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224253.Google Scholar
Rauhala, E. (2018, March). North Korean leader meets with China’s president during “unofficial visit” to Beijing. The Washington Post. Available at: www.washingtonpost.comGoogle Scholar
Rauhala, E., & Fifield, A. (2018, March). Kim-Xi meeting presents a new challenge for Trump on North Korea. The Washington Post. Available at: www.washingtonpost.comGoogle Scholar
Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shih, C. Y. (1988). Face diplomacy: The psycho-cultural cybernetic model of Chinese foreign policy behavior (Doctoral dissertation).Google Scholar
Shweder, R. A. (1990). Cultural psychology: What is it? In Stigler, J., Herdt, G., & Shweder, R. A. (Eds.), Cultural psychology: Essays on comparative human development (pp. 143). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shweder, R. A., Goodnow, J., Hatano, G., LeVine, R., Markus, H., & Miller, P. (1998) The cultural psychology of development: One mind, many mentalities. In Damen, W. (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (Vol. 1, pp. 865937). New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Smith, A. H. (1894). Chinese characteristics. New York, NY: Fleming H. Revel Company.Google Scholar
Ting-Toomey, S. (1988). Intercultural conflict styles: A face-negotiation theory. In Kim, Y. & Gudykanst, W. (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 213235). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Ting-Toomey, S. (1990). Intergroup diplomatic communication: A face-negotiation perspective. In Korzenny, F. & Ting-Toomey, S. (Eds.), Communicating for peace: Diplomacy and negotiation (pp. 7795). International and Intercultural Communication Annual, XIV. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Wen, C. Y. (1982). Repaying and revenge: An analysis of exchange behavior (in Chinese). In Yang, K. S. (Ed.), The psychology of Chinese people (pp. 347382). Taipei, Taiwan: Gui-Guan Press.Google Scholar
Wilhelm, R. (1926). Die Seele Chinas. Berlin, Germany: Reimar Hobbing Verlag.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L. (1945). Philosophical investigation. (Anscombe, G. E. M., Ed. & Trans.) New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Xiao, X. F. (2004). Li and Chinese communicative behaviors. In Chen, G. M. (Ed.) Theories and principles of Chinese communication (pp. 381405) (in Chinese). Taipei, Taiwan: Wu-nan Culture Enterprise.Google Scholar
Yang, K. S. (1992). Social orientation of the Chinese people: A social interactionist perspective. In Yang, K. S. & Yu, A. B. (Eds.), The psychology and behavior of the Chinese people. Taipei, Taiwan: Lauréat Publications.Google Scholar
Yang, M. F. (1994). Gift, favor and banquets: The act of social relationships in China. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

References

Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 596.Google Scholar
Benedict, R. (1946). The chrysanthemum and the sword. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Benett, J. W., & Nagai, M. (1953). The Japanese critique of the methodology of Benedict's “chrysanthemum and the sword,” American Anthropologist, 55, 406411.Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1974). Psychological aspects of cultural pluralism: Unity and identity reconsidered. Topics in Culture Learning, 2, 1722.Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In Padilla, A. M. (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models and some new findings (pp. 925). Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Buckley, R. (1985). Japan today. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dale, P. (1986). The myth of Japanese uniqueness. New York, NY: St Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Dalsky, D. (2010). Individuality in Japan and the United States: A cross-cultural priming experiment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 429435.Google Scholar
Dalsky, D. (2011). Effects of communicating success with friends on self-esteem in Japan and the United States. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychological Sciences, 54, 178189.Google Scholar
Dalsky, D., & Garant, M. (2016). A 5,000-mile virtual collaboration of team teaching and team learning. In Tajino, A., Stewart, T., & Dalsky, D. (Eds.), Team teaching and team learning in the language classroom: Collaboration for innovation in ELT (pp. 164178). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dalsky, D., Gohm, C. L., Noguchi, K., & Shiomura, K. (2008). Mutual self-enhancement in Japan and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 215223.Google Scholar
De Mente, B. L. (1987). How to do business with the Japanese: A complete guide to Japanese customs and business practices. Chicago, IL: NTC Business Books.Google Scholar
De Mente, B. L. (1997). The Japanese have a word for it: the complete guide to Japanese thought and culture. Chicago, IL: Passport books.Google Scholar
De Mente, B. L (2004). Japan’s cultural code words: 233 key terms that explain the attitudes and behavior of the Japanese. Singapore: Tuttle.Google Scholar
Doi, T. (1981). The anatomy of dependence. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha. (Original work published 1971.)Google Scholar
Doi, T. (2001). The anatomy of self: The individual versus society. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha.Google Scholar
Fujihara, T., & Kurokawa, M. (1981). An empirical study of amae (dependence) in interpersonal relations. The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(1), 5362.Google Scholar
Gordon, A. (2009). A modern history of Japan: From Tokugawa times to the present. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1987). Hidden differences: Doing business with the Japanese. New York, NY: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Hawks, F. L. (1856). Narrative of the expedition to the China Seas and Japan, 1852–1854. Washington, DC: Beverley Tucker.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Ichihara, S. D. (2013). Initiation in aimai (ambiguity): A cultural perspective from Japan. Anglican Theological Review, 95, 473478.Google Scholar
Ishii, S. (1984). Enryo-sasshi communication: A key to understanding Japanese interpersonal relations. Cross Currents, 11(1), 4958.Google Scholar
Ito, M. (1984). Utage to Nihon-bunka [The banquet and Japanese culture]. Tokyo, Japan: Chuokoronsha.Google Scholar
Iwata, Y. (2015) The function of self-disclosure during the first conversation in Japanese and English [日・英語初対面会話における自己開示の機能 in Japanese]. In A contrastive study of Japanese and English spoken discourse styles: Towards effective English communication education [日・英語談話スタイルの対照研究:英語コミュニケーション教育への応用 in Japanese], 3791, Tokyo, Japan: Hituzi Syobo.Google Scholar
Kashima, Y. & Callan, V. J. (1994). The Japanese work group. In Triandis, H. C., Dunnett, M. D., & Hough, L. M. (Eds.), The handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 609646). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Kato, K. (2000). Necktie-alcoholics: Cultural forces and Japanese alcoholism. [Master’s Thesis]. Washington State University. Retrieved from http://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu 8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2376/38/k_kato_050200.pdf?sequence=1Google Scholar
Kobayashi, M., & Kato, K. (2008). Individual differences in amae based on emotional and practical amae scale – from the perspective of the four amae types. [情緒的・道具 的甘え尺度による「甘え」の個人差の検討:~4つの「甘えタイプ」の視点から~ in Japanese]. The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 72, 1AM173–1AM173.Google Scholar
Komisarof, A. (2012). At home abroad: The contemporary western experience in Japan. Tokyo, Japan: Reitaku University Press.Google Scholar
Komisarof, A., & Hua, Z. (Eds.). (2015). Crossing boundaries and weaving intercultural work, life, and scholarship in globalizing universities. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lin, C. C., & Yamaguchi, S. (2011). Under what conditions do people feel face-loss? Effects of the presence of others and social roles on the perception of losing face in Japanese culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 120124.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224.Google Scholar
Maruta, T. (1992). Does an American puppy amaeru? A comment on Dr. Doi’s paper. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13(1), 1217.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, D. (2002). The new Japan: Debunking seven cultural stereotypes. Boston, MA: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
McNeil, B. (2015, April 19). Meeting Miss Universe Japan, the “half” who has it all. The Japan Times. Retrieved from www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2015/04/19/general/meeting-miss-universe-japan-half/#.VTVpgK2eDRaGoogle Scholar
Miike, Y. (2003). Japanese enryo-sasshi communication and the psychology of amae: Reconsideration and reconceptualization. Keio Communication Review, 25.Google Scholar
Miyake, K. (1993). The mechanism of choosing apologies meaning thanks: From the concept of indebtedness in Coulmas (1981) to sociolinguistics [感謝の意味で使われる詫び表現の選択メカニズム: Coulmas (1981) のindebtedness「借り」の概念からの社会言語的展開 in Japanese]. Journal of Japanese Language Teaching, 8, 1938.Google Scholar
Naito, T., & Gielen, U. P. (1992). Tatemae and honne: A study of moral relativism in Japanese culture. In Geilen, U. P., Adler, L. L., & Milgram, N. A. (Eds.), Psychology in international perspective (pp.161172). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.Google Scholar
Nakada, M., & Tamura, T. (2005). Japanese conceptions of privacy: An intercultural perspective. Ethics and Information Technology, 7, 2736.Google Scholar
Nakane, C. (1970). Japanese society. Tokyo, Japan: Tuttle.Google Scholar
Niiya, Y. (2017). Adult’s amae as a tool for adjustment to a new environment. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 238243.Google Scholar
Nitobe, I. (1969/2001). Bushidō: The soul of Japan. Boston, MA: Tuttle.Google Scholar
Reischauer, E., & Jansen, M. B. (2003). The Japanese today. Massachusetts: Belknap Harvard.Google Scholar
Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J., Pott, M., Miyake, K., & Morelli, G. (2000). Attachment and culture: Security in the United States and Japan. American Psychologist, 55, 10931104.Google Scholar
Sasagawa, Y. (2016). Rethinking Japanese politeness: Speech act, speech mediating and interaction [日本語のポライトネス再考: 発話行為・発語媒介行為・相互行為 in Japanese]. Kanagawa, Japan: Shumpusha Publishing.Google Scholar
Sugimoto, Y. (2010). An introduction to Japanese society. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Takano, Y., & Osaka, E. (1999). An unsupported common view: Comparing Japan and the US on individualism/collectivism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 311341.Google Scholar
Tamamoto, M. (2003). Ambiguous Japan: Japanese national identity at century's end. In Ikenberry, G. J. & Mastanduno, M. (Eds.), International relations theory and the Asia-Pacific (pp. 191212). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1972). The analysis of subjective culture. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995). New directions in social psychology. Individualism & collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Walworth, A. (2008). Black ships off Japan: The story of Commodore Perry’s expedition. Walworth, UK: Walworth Press.Google Scholar
Weiner, M. (2009). Japan’s minorities: The illusion of homogeneity. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Whiting, R. (2009). You gotta have wa. New York, NY: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, S. (1999, June). Amae: When people presume acceptance of their own inappropriate behavior. Paper presented at AAAS meeting, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, S., & Ariizumi, Y. (2006). Close interpersonal relationships among Japanese. In Kim, U., Yang, K. S., & Hwang, K. K. (Eds.), Indigenous and cultural psychology (pp. 163174). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, M. (2003). Two meanings of “sumimasen”: Apologies and thanks [感謝の謝罪表現「すみません」–「すみません」が感謝と謝罪の両方の意味を持つわけ– in Japanese]. Journal of International Student Center Shinshu University, 4, 113.Google Scholar
Yamawaki, N. (2012). Within-culture variations of collectivism in Japan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43, 11911204.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×