Chapter 25 of The Autobiography (1951) of William Carlos Williams (1883–1963) begins with the following startling remarks about the first two decades of the twentieth century:

Later in the book Williams elaborates on this topic in more detail. According to him, during the first two decades of the century young American poets just starting their careers, Williams foremost among them, were experiencing an exhilarating excitement about reinventing art and poetry in America to which the publications of The Waste Land (1922) somehow put an end. Evidently, one gathers, after Eliot's classical, erudite, and cosmopolitan gesture, the other young American poets, whose conception of American poetry claimed to have everything to do with a primary understanding of the elemental locality of America as a new nation, did not know what to do about inaugurating a “new order.” Even Marianne Moore, one of the poets whom Williams believed to be in the right direction (we might call it the “nativist” or “vernacular” direction), was “no luckier” than all the others.