Both “Vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam” (1896) by Ernest Dowson and “Friends Beyond” (1898) by Thomas Hardy concern the transience of human life and desire. Yet their styles differ markedly, a result of the alternative poetic traditions out of which they worked. Dowson was a member of the Rhymers' Club, along with W. B. Yeats, Lionel Johnson, Arthur Symons, John Davidson, and Richard Le Gallienne. Yeats records the group's aesthetic criterion of “poetry that was, before all else, speech or song,” and their attempt “to write like the poets of the Greek Anthology, or like Catullus, or like the Jacobean Lyrists …” That is, the group aimed for compression, elegance, refinement, and lyricism rather than moral statement or social purpose. Their aesthetic touchstones are clear in “Vitae summa brevis,” given in its entirety below:

Dowson signified the importance of “Vitae summa brevis” by placing it prior to the dedication page of his 1896 Verses, so that this lyric formed the keynote for his first published collection.