Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T21:30:19.646Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - Pastoral nomads

from Part I - Global histories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

Craig Benjamin
Affiliation:
Grand Valley State University, Michigan
Get access

Summary

The ancient Central Eurasian steppes stretched from Manchuria in the east to the Alfold Plain in Hungary and Romania in the west. Steppe pastoral nomads subsisted largely on the dairy products of their animals, such as cheese, yogurt, and cheese curds, supplemented with meat from their animals as well as from hunting. Covering the Pontic and Caspian steppes, Scythia stretched roughly from the Dniester River to the Amu Darya River and perhaps even to the Altai Mountains. The Sarmatians interacted with the Scythians frequently as the Sarmatians nomadized between the Don and Volga rivers, although by the sixth century some had crossed the Don River and found pastures near the Sea of Azov and may have been subject to Scythian dominion. The Xiongnu merged with other disparate pastoral nomads and formed a new confederation known as the Huns, although this may have been what the Xiongnu called themselves.
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Herodotus, , The Histories, trans. Waterfield, Robin, Oxford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Honey, David B. (ed. and trans.), The Rise of the Medieval Hsiung-nu: The Biography of Liu-Yüan, Bloomington, in: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, 1990.Google Scholar
Qian, Sima, Records of the Grand Historian: Han Dynasty II, trans. Watson, Burton, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Qian, Sima, Records of the Grand Historian: Qin Dynasty, trans. Watson, Burton, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Babcock, Michael A., The Night Attila Died: Solving the Murder of Attila the Hun, New York: Berkley Books, 2005.Google Scholar
Barfield, Thomas J., The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, 221 BC to AD 1757, Cambridge, ma: Blackwell Publishers, 1992.Google Scholar
Benjamin, Craig C. R., The Yuezhi: Origin, Migration and the Conquest of Northern Bactria, Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brook, Kevin Alan, The Jews of Khazaria, Lanham, md: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2006.Google Scholar
Christian, David, A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, Malden, ma: Blackwell Publishing, 1998.Google Scholar
Curta, Florin, “The Earliest Avar-age Stirrups, or the ‘Stirrup Controversy,’” in Curta, Florin (ed.), The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans, Leiden: Brill, 2008, pp. 297326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Cosmo, Nicola, Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History, Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Gardiner-Garden, John R., Apollodoros of Artemia and the Central Asian Skythians, Bloomington, in: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, 1987.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B., An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1992.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B., “The Peoples of the South Russian Steppes,” in Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 256–84.Google Scholar
Heather, Peter, Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe, Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Heather, Peter, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians, Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Heinrich-Tamaska, Orsolya, “Avar-age Metalworking Technologies in the Carpathian Basin (Sixth to Eighth Century),” in Curta, Florin (ed.), The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans, Leiden: Brill, 2008, pp. 237–62.Google Scholar
Ivantchik, Askold I., “The Funeral of Scythian Kings: The Historical Reality and the Description of Herodotus (4.71–72),” in Bonfante, Larissa (ed.), The Barbarians of Ancient Europe: Realities and Interactions, Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 71106.Google Scholar
James, Edward, Europe’s Barbarians, ad 200–600, Harlow, UK: Pearson, 2009.Google Scholar
Kelly, Christopher, The End of Empire: Attila the Hun and the Fall of Rome, New York: W. W. Norton, 2009.Google Scholar
Khazanov, Anatoly M., Nomads and the Outside World, trans. Crookenden, Julia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Lenski, Noel, “Captivity and Romano-Barbarian interchange,” in Mathisen, Ralph W. and Shanzer, Danuta (eds.), Romans, Barbarians, and the Transformation of the Roman World, Burlington, vt: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 185–98.Google Scholar
Mackerras, Colin, “The Uighurs,” in Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 317–42.Google Scholar
Melyukova, A. I., “The Scythians and Sarmatians,” in Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 97117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moses, Larry W., “Relations with the Inner Asian Barbarian,” in Perry, John Curtis and Smith, Bardwell L. (eds.), Essays on T’ang Society, Leiden: Brill, 1975, pp. 6189.Google Scholar
Nechaeva, Ekaterina, “The ‘Runaway’ Avars and Late Antique Diplomacy,” in Mathisen, Ralph W. and Shanzer, Danuta (eds.), Romans, Barbarians, and the Transformation of the Roman World, Burlington, vt: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 175–81.Google Scholar
Robertson-Brown, Amelia, “Banditry or Catastrophe?: History, Archaeology, and Barbarian Raids on Roman Greece,” in Mathisen, Ralph W. and Shanzer, Danuta (eds.), Romans, Barbarians, and the Transformation of the Roman World, Burlington, vt: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 7996.Google Scholar
Rolle, Renate, “The Scythians: Between Mobility, Tomb Architecture, and Early Urban Structures,” in Bonfante, Larissa (ed.), The Barbarians of Ancient Europe: Realities and Interactions, Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 107–32.Google Scholar
Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinor, Denis, “The Establishment and Dissolution of the Türk Empire,” in Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 285316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinor, Denis, “The Hun Period,” in Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 177206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sneath, David, The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, and Misrepresentation of Nomadic Inner Asia, New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Somogyi, Peter, “New Remarks on the Flow of Byzantine Coins in Avaria and Walachia during the Second Half of the Seventh Century,” in Curta, Florin (ed.), The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans, Leiden: Brill, 2008, pp. 83150.Google Scholar
Stadler, Peter, “Avar Chronology Revisited, and the Question of Ethnicity in the Avar Qaganate,” in Curta, Florin (ed.), The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans, Leiden: Brill, 2008, pp. 4783.Google Scholar
Szadeczky-Kardoss, Samuel, “The Avars,” in Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 206–29.Google Scholar
Thompson, E. A., The Huns, Malden, ma: Blackwell Publishing, 1999.Google Scholar
Vida, Tivadar, “Conflict and Coexistence: The Local Population of the Carpathian Basin under Avar Rule (Sixth to Seventh Century),” in Curta, Florin (ed.), The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans, Leiden: Brill, 2008, pp. 1346.Google Scholar
, Ying-Shih, “The Hsiung-nu,” in Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 115–81.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Pastoral nomads
  • Edited by Craig Benjamin, Grand Valley State University, Michigan
  • Book: The Cambridge World History
  • Online publication: 05 May 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139059251.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Pastoral nomads
  • Edited by Craig Benjamin, Grand Valley State University, Michigan
  • Book: The Cambridge World History
  • Online publication: 05 May 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139059251.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Pastoral nomads
  • Edited by Craig Benjamin, Grand Valley State University, Michigan
  • Book: The Cambridge World History
  • Online publication: 05 May 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139059251.011
Available formats
×