Cases in European Competition Policy: The Economic Analysis

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511803130

References

Bibliography

Abreu, Dilip (1986), ‘Extremal Equilibria of Oligopolistic Supergames’, Journal of Economic Theory, 39 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 191–225

Abreu, Dilip, Milgrom, Paul and Pearce, David (1991), ‘Information and Timing in Repeated Partnerships’, Econometrica, 59 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 1713–1733

Abreu, Dilip, Pearce, David and Stacchetti, Ennio (1986), ‘Optimal Cartel Equilibria with Imperfect Monitoring’, Journal of Economic Theory, 39 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 251–269

Abreu, Dilip, Pearce, David and Stacchetti, Ennio (1990), ‘Towards a Theory of Discounted Repeated Games with Imperfect Monitoring’, Econometrica, 58 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 1041–1064

Adilov, Peter and Alexander, Peter J. (2006), ‘Horizontal Merger – Pivotal Buyers and Bargaining Power’, Economics Letters, 91 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 307–311

Aghion, Philippe, Blundell, Richard, Griffith, Rachel, Howitt, Peter and Prantl, Susanne (2004), ‘Entry and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Microlevel Panel Data’, Journal of the European Economic Association, 2 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2–3): 265–276

Ahn, Sanghoon (2002 CrossRef | Google Scholar), ‘Competition, Innovation and Productivity Growth: A Review of Theory and Evidence’, OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 317

Allen, Beth, Deneckere, Raymond, Faith, Tom and Kovenock, Dan (2000), ‘Capacity Precommitment as a Barrier to Entry: A Bertrand-Edgeworth Approach’, Economic Theory, 15 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 501–530

,American Bar Association, Section of Antitrust Law (1996), Proving Antitrust Damages – Legal and Economic Issues, Chicago Google Scholar: American Bar Association

Armstrong, Mark (2002), ‘The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection’ in Cave, Martin E., Majumdar, Sumit Kumar and Vogelsang, Ingo (eds.), Handbook of Telecommunications Economics, Volume 1, Amsterdam Google Scholar: North-Holland

Armstrong, Mark (2006), ‘Competition in Two-Sided Markets’, RAND Journal of Economics, Special Issue on Two-Sided Markets, 37 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 668–691

Armstrong, Mark and Porter, Rob (2007), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Volume 3, Amsterdam Google Scholar: North-Holland

Armstrong, Mark and Sappington, David (2007), ‘Recent Developments in the Theory of Regulation’ in Armstrong, and Porter, (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Volume 3, Amsterdam Google Scholar: North-Holland

Armstrong, Mark and Wright, Julian (2007 Google Scholara), ‘Mobile Call Termination’, SSRN Working Paper, September

Armstrong, Mark and Wright, Julian (2007b), ‘Two-Sided Markets, Competitive Bottlenecks and Exclusive Contracts’, Economic Theory, 32 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 353–380

Armstrong, Mark and Wright, Julian (2009 Google Scholar), ‘Mobile Call Termination’, The Economic Journal, June

Arrow, Kenneth J. (1971), Essays in the Theory of Risk Bearing, Chicago Google Scholar: Markham Publishing Co.

Arrunada, Benito, Garicano, Luis and Vazquez, Luis (2005), ‘Completing Contracts Ex Post: How Car Manufacturers Manage Car Dealers’, Review of Law and Economics, 1 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 1–22

Asker, John (2004 Google Scholar), ‘Diagnosing Foreclosure due to Exclusive Dealing’, mimeo, Stern School of Business

Athey, Susan and Bagwell, Kyle (2001), ‘Optimal Collusion with Private Information’, RAND Journal of Economics, 32 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 428–465

Athey, Susan, Bagwell, Kyle and Sanchirico, Chris (2004), ‘Collusion and Price Rigidity’, Review of Economic Studies, 71 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 317–349

,Autopolis (2000 Google Scholar), ‘The Natural Link between Sales and Service: An Investigation for the Competition Directorate General of the European Commission’, available at: www.europa.eu.int/comm/competition/car_sector

Bagwell, Kyle and Staiger, Robert (1997), ‘Collusion over the Business Cycle’, RAND Journal of Economics, 28 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 82–106

Baker, Jonathan B. (1993), ‘Two Sherman Act Section 1 Dilemmas: Parallel Pricing, the Oligopoly Problem, and Contemporary Theory’, Antitrust Bulletin Google Scholar, Spring: 143–219

Banks, David (2001), Breaking Windows, New York Google Scholar: Macmillan Free Press

Baxter, William F. (1983), ‘Bank Interchange of Transactional Paper: Legal Perspectives’, Journal of Law and Economics, 26 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 541–588

Becker, Gary S. (1968), ‘Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach’, Journal of Political Economy, 76 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 169–217

Benoit, Jean-Pierre and Krishna, Vijay (1987), ‘Dynamic Duopoly: Prices and Quantities’, Review of Economic Studies, 54 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 23–36

Bernheim, B. Douglas and Whinston, Michael D. (1998), ‘Exclusive Dealing’, Journal of Political Economy, 106 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 64–103

Berry, Steven and Reiss, Peter (2007), ‘Empirical Models of Entry and Market Structure’ in Armstrong, and Porter, (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Volume 3, Amsterdam Google Scholar: North-Holland

Besanko, David and Perry, Martin K. (1993), ‘Equilibrium Incentives for Exclusive Dealing in a Differentiated Goods Oligopoly’, RAND Journal of Economics, 24 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 646–668

,BEUC (1992 Google Scholar), ‘Parallel Market for Cars in the EC’, European Bureau of Consumer Unions, 229/92

,BHA (2007 Google Scholar), ‘Determination of the 47th Horserace Betting Levy Scheme’: Submission of British Horseracing Authority, available at: www.britishhorseracing.com/inside_horseracing/

Bishop, Simon and Walker, Mike (2002), The Economics of EC Competition Law, London Google Scholar: Sweet & Maxwell

Bloch, Kurt (1932), ‘On German Cartels’, Journal of Business, 5 Google Scholar(3): 213–222

Bloom, Nicholas, Bond, Stephen R. and Reenen, John (2007), ‘Uncertainty and Company Investment Dynamics: Empirical Evidence for UK Firms’, Review of Economic Studies, 74 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 391–415

Bolton, Patrick and Scharfstein, David S. (1990), ‘A Theory of Predation Based on Agency Problems in Financial Contracting’, American Economic Review, 80 Google Scholar(1): 93–106

Bolton, Ruth N. and Shankar, Venkatesh (2003), ‘An Empirically Derived Taxonomy of Retailer Pricing and Promotion Strategies’, Journal of Retailing, 79 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 213–224

Bonanno, Giacomo and Vickers, John (1988), ‘Vertical Separation’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 36 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 257–265

Bork, Robert (1978), The Antitrust Paradox, New York Google Scholar: Macmillan Free Press

Brenkers, Randy and Verboven, Frank (2006a), ‘Liberalizing a Distribution System: The European Car Market’, Journal of the European Economic Association, 4 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 216–251

Brenkers, Randy and Verboven, Frank (2006b), ‘Market Definition with Differentiated Products: Lessons from the Car Market’ in Choi, Jay Pil (ed.), Recent Developments in Antitrust: Theory and Evidence, Cambridge, Mass Google Scholar.: MIT Press

Bresnahan, Timothy and Greenstein, Shane (1996), ‘Technical Progress and Co-invention in Computing and in the Uses of Computers’, Brooking Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics Google Scholar, 1–78

Bresnahan, Timothy and Reiss, Peter (1991), ‘Entry and Competition in Concentrated Markets’, Journal of Political Economy, 99 CrossRef | Google Scholar(5): 977–1009

,Brewers and Licensed Retailers Association Google Scholar (various years), Statistical Handbook, London

,British Beer and Pub Association (2005 Google Scholar), Statistical Handbook, London

Brock, William A. and Scheinkman, José A. (1985), ‘Price Setting Supergames with Capacity Constraints’, Review of Economic Studies, 52 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 371–382

Brod, Andrew and Shivakumar, Ram (1999), ‘Advantageous Semicollusion’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 47 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 221–230

Bryant, Peter G. and Eckard, E. Woodrow (1991), ‘Price Fixing: The Probability of Getting Caught’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 73 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 531–536

Cabellero, Ricardo J., Engel, Eduardo M. R. A. and Haltiwanger, John C. (1995), ‘Plant Level Adjustment and Aggregate Investment Dynamics’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 1–39

Cabral, Luis M. B. (2000), Introduction to Industrial Organization Google Scholar, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press

Caillaud, Bernard and Jullien, Bruno (2003), ‘Chicken and Egg: Competition Among Intermediation Service Providers’, RAND Journal of Economics, 34 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 309–328

Caillaud, Bernard and Rey, Patrick (1986), ‘A Note on Vertical Restraints with the Provision of Distribution Services’, mimeo, Paris Google Scholar: INSEE and Cambridge, Mass.: MIT

Calzada, Joan and Valletti, Tommaso (2008), ‘Network Competition and Entry Deterrence’, Economic Journal, 118 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 1223–1244

Camilli, Enrico L. (2006), ‘Optimal Fines in Cartel Cases and the Actual EC Fining Policy’, World Competition: Law & Economics Review, 29 Google Scholar(4): 575–605

Carlton, Dennis W. and Frankel, Alan S. (1995), ‘Antitrust and Payment Technologies’, Review Google Scholar, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, November: 41–54

Carlton, Dennis W. and Perloff, Jeffrey M. (2000), Modern Industrial Organisation, 3rd edition, London Google Scholar: HarperCollins

Carlton, Dennis W. and Waldman, Michael (2002), ‘The Strategic Use of Tying to Preserve and Create Market Power in Evolving Industries’, RAND Journal of Economics, 33 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 194–220

Cestone, Giacinta and Fumagalli, Chiara (2003), ‘The Strategic Impact of Resource Flexibility in Business Groups’, RAND Journal of Economics, 36 Google Scholar: 193–214

Chang, Howard, Evans, David S. and Garcia Swartz, Daniel D. (2005 Google Scholar), ‘The Effect of Regulatory Intervention in Two-Sided Markets: An Assessment of Interchange-Fee Capping in Australia’, joint Center AEI-Brookings and Center for Regulatory Studies related publication 05–29

Chen, Zhijun and Rey, Patrick (2007 Google Scholar), ‘On the Design of Leniency Programs’, IDEI Working Paper, No. 452

Choi, Jay Pil (2001), ‘A Theory of Mixed Bundling Applied to the GE/Honeywell Merger’, Antitrust, 16 Google Scholar: 32–33

Choi, Jay Pil (2004), ‘Tying and Innovation: A Dynamic Analysis of Tying Arrangements’, Economic Journal, 114 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 83–101

Choi, Jay Pil (2007), ‘Antitrust Analysis of Tying Arrangements’, in Pil Choi, Jay (ed.), Recent Developments in Antitrust: Theory and Evidence, CESifo seminar series, Cambridge, Mass Google Scholar.: MIT Press

Choi, Jay Pil and Stefanidis, Chrisodoulos (2001), ‘Tying, Investment, and the Dynamic Leverage Theory’, RAND Journal of Economics, 32 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 52–71

Christensen, Laurits Rolf and Caves, Richard E. (1997), ‘Cheap Talk and Investment Rivalry in the Pulp and Paper Industry’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 45 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 47–53

Church, Jeffrey R. and Ware, Roger (2000), Industrial Organization: A Strategic Approach Google Scholar, Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill

Clarke, Roger, Davies, Steve, Dobson, Paul and Waterson, Michael (2002), Buyer Power and Competition in European Food Retailing, Cheltenham Google Scholar: Edward Elgar

Coase, Ronald H. (1960), ‘The Problem of Social Cost’, Journal of Law and Economics, 3 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 1–44

,Competition Commission (2000 Google Scholara), ‘New Cars: A Report on the Supply of New Motor Cars within the UK’, London: HMSO

,Competition Commission (2000 Google Scholarb), ‘Supermarkets: A Report on the Supply of Groceries from Multiple Stores in the United Kingdom’, Cm. 4842, London: TSO

,Competition Commission (2003 Google Scholara), ‘Safeway plc and Asda Group Limited (owned by Wal-Mart Stores Inc); Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc; J. Sainsbury plc; and Tesco plc: A Report on the Mergers in Contemplation’, Cm 5950, London: TSO

,Competition Commission (2003 Google Scholarb), ‘Vodafone, O2, Orange and T-Mobile: Reports on References Under Section 13 of Telecommunications Act 1984 on Charges Made by Vodafone, Orange, O2 and T-Mobile for Terminating Calls Made by Fixed and Mobile Networks’, London: HMSO

Compte, Oliver (1998), ‘Communication in Repeated Games with Imperfect Private Monitoring’, Econometrica, 66 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 597–626

Compte, Olivier, Jenny, Frédéric and Rey, Patrick (2002), ‘Capacity Constraints, Mergers and Collusion’, European Economic Review, 46 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 1–29

Connor, John M. (1997), ‘The Global Lysine Price-Fixing Conspiracy of 1992–1995’, Review of Agricultural Economics, 19 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 412–427

Connor, John M. (2001), ‘“Our Customers are Our Enemies”: The Lysine Cartel of 1992–1995’, Review of Industrial Organization, 18 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 5–21

Connor, John M. (2004a), ‘Global Cartels Redux: The Amino Acid Lysine Antitrust Litigation (1996)’ in Kwoka, Jr John E. and White, Lawrence (eds.), The Antitrust Revolution: Economics, Competition, and Policy Google Scholar, 4th edition, Oxford University Press: 252–276.

Connor, John M. (2004 Google Scholarb), ‘Price-Fixing Overcharges: Legal and Economic Evidence’, American Antitrust Institute Working Paper 04–05

Connor, John M. (2005 Google Scholar), ‘Optimal Deterrence and Private International Cartels’, Draft Paper, Purdue University, Ind., May

Connor, John M. and Bolotova, Yulija (2006), ‘Cartel Overcharges: Survey and Meta-analysis’, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 1109–1137

Corts, Kenneth S. (1998), ‘Third-Degree Price Discrimination in Oligopoly: All-Out Competition and Strategic Commitment’, RAND Journal of Economics, 29 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 306–323

Cournot, Antoine (1838), Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses, Paris Google Scholar: Hachette

Court of First Instance (CFI) Decisions see European Court Decisions Google Scholar

Danzon, Patricia M. (1998), ‘The Economics of Parallel Trade’, Pharmaeconomics, 13 CrossRef | Google Scholar | PubMed(3): 293–304

Davidson, Carl and Deneckere, Raymond (1990), ‘Excess Capacity and Collusion’, International Economic Review, 31 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 521–541

Davies, Stephen, Coles, Heather, Olczak, Matt, Pike, Chris and Wilson, Chris (2004 Google Scholar), ‘The Benefits of Competition: Some Illustrative UK Case Studies’, DTI Economics Paper No. 9, available at: www.berr.gov.uk/files/file13299.pdf

Davies, Stephen and Lyons, Bruce (1989), ‘Introduction’ in Stephen, Davies, Bruce, Lyons, Huw, Dixon and Paul, Geroski (eds.), Economics of Industrial Organisation, London Google Scholar: Longman

Davies, Stephen and Lyons, Bruce (2007), Mergers and Merger Remedies in the EU: Assessing the Consequences for Competition, London CrossRef | Google Scholar: Edward Elgar

Davies, Stephen and Majumdar, Adrian (2002 Google Scholar), The Development of Targets for Consumer Savings Arising from Competition Policy, Chapter 4, Office of Fair Trading Economic Discussion Paper 4

Dechenaux, Emmanuel and Kovenock, Dan (2003), ‘Endogenous Rationing, Price Dispersion and Collusion in Capacity Constrained Supergames’, Krannert Working Paper No. 1164, Ind Google Scholar.: Purdue University

Deloitte, (2006 Google Scholar), ‘Economic Impact Review of British Racing’, commissioned by BHB and available at: www.britishhorseracing.com/inside_horseracing/

Deloitte, (2007 Google Scholar), ‘The Deterrent Effect of Competition Enforcement by the OFT’, OFT962, London: Office of Fair Trading

Demsetz, Harold (1973), ‘Industry Structure, Market Rivalry and Public Policy’, Journal of Law and Economics, 16 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 1–10

Dick, Andrew R. (2002 Google Scholar), ‘Coordinated Interaction: Pre-Merger Constraints and Post-Merger Effects’, mimeo, US Department of Justice, available at: www.crai.com/Agenda/Dick.pdf

,Director General of Fair Trading (DGFT) (1995 Google Scholar), Memo to the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry

Dixit, Avinash (1980), ‘The Role of Investment in Entry-deterrence’, Economic Journal, 90 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 95–106

Dixit, Avinash (1991), ‘Analytical Approximations in Models of Hysteresis’, Review of Economic Studies, 58 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 141–151

Consulting, Dobson (1999), Buyer Power and its Impact on Competition in the Food Retail Distribution Sector of the European Union, Brussels Google Scholar: European Commission DG Competition, available at: www.europa.eu.int/comm/competition/publications/studies/bpifrs/

Dobson, Paul W. (2002), The Economic Effects of Constant Below-Cost Selling Practices by Grocery Retailers, London Google Scholar: UK Federation of Bakers

Dobson, Paul W. (2005), ‘Exploiting Buyer Power: Lessons from the British Grocery Trade’, Antitrust Law Journal, 72 Google Scholar(2): 529–562

Dobson, Paul W. (2007 Google Scholar), Micro-marketing and Discriminatory Practices in UK Grocery Retailing, report submitted to the Competition Commission, available at: www.competition-commission.org.uk

Dobson, Paul W., Waterson, Michael and Chu, Alex (1998 Google Scholar), ‘The Welfare Consequences of the Exercise of Buyer Power’, Research Paper No. 16, London: Office of Fair Trading

Dobson, Paul W., Clarke, Roger, Davies, Steve and Waterson, Michael (2001), ‘Buyer Power and its Impact on Competition in the Food Distribution Sector of the European Union’, Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 1 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 247–281

Dobson, Paul W. and Inderst, Roman (2007), ‘Differential Buyer Power and the Waterbed Effect: Do Strong Buyers Benefit or Harm Consumers?’, European Competition Law Review, 28 Google Scholar(7): 393–400

Dobson, Paul W., Starkey, Ken and Richards, John (2004), Strategic Management: Issues and Cases, Oxford Google Scholar: Blackwell Publishing

Dobson, Paul W. and Waterson, Michael (1996 Google Scholar), ‘Vertical Restraints and Competition Policy’, Research Paper No. 12, London: Office of Fair Trading

Dobson, Paul W. and Waterson, Michael (2005), ‘Chain-Store Pricing across Local Markets’, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 14 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 93–119

Dobson, Paul W. and Waterson, Michael (2006 Google Scholar), ‘Micro-marketing and Chain-Store Competition: Customized vs. Uniform Store-Level Pricing’, University of Loughborough, mimeo

Doyle, Maura P. and Snyder, Christopher M. (1999), ‘Information Sharing and Competition in the Motor Vehicle Industry’, Journal of Political Economy, 107 CrossRef | Google Scholar(6): 1326–1364

,EAGCP (2005 Google Scholar), ‘An Economic Approach to Article 82’, Report for the European Commission (DG Competition), available at: http://llec.europa.eu/dgs/competition/economist/eagcp.html

Ellickson, Paul B. and Misra, Sanjog (2006 Google Scholar), ‘Supermarket Pricing Strategies’, Working Paper 06–02, Department of Economics, Durham, N.C.: Duke University

Elliott, David (2007 Google Scholar), ‘What is an Excessive Price? The View of the UK Courts’, Competition Law Insight, 31 July

Emch, Eric R. (2003 Google Scholar), ‘GECAS and the GE/Honeywell Merger: A Response to Reynolds and Ordover’, Department of Justice Economic Analysis Group Discussion Paper, EAG 03–13

Epstein, Roy J. and Rubinfeld, Daniel L. (2002), ‘Merger Simulation: A Simplified Approach with New Applications’, Antitrust Law Journal, 69 Google Scholar: 883–906

,European Commission (2000 Google Scholar), ‘Report on the Evaluation of Regulation (EC) No 1475/95 on the Application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to Certain Categories of Motor Vehicle Distribution and Servicing Agreements’,

,European Commission Google Scholar Decisions

,Commission Decision ofAirtours v First Choice 22 September 1999 Google Scholar, Case No. IV/M.1524

,Commission Decision of Google ScholarAseprofar and Fedifar Case IV/36.997/F3

,Commission Decision of Google ScholarBAI Case IV/37.138/F3

,European Commission DecisionBass OJ L 186/1 Case IV/36.081/F3,European Commission Decision in General Electric/ Honeywell, 2001 Google Scholar – Case No. COMP/M.2220, downloadable at: ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m2220_en.pdf

,European Commission Google Scholar DecisionGlaxoWellcome Case IV/36.957/F3

,European Commission Google Scholar DecisionMicrosoft Decision 23.04.04 Case COMP/C-3/37.792

,European Commission DecisionNeste/IVO (1998 Google Scholar), Case No. IV/M.931 (Luxembourg)

,European Commission DecisionRoberts v Greene King 1998 Google Scholar, Case No. IV/36.511

,Commission Decision Case ofScottish and Newcastle, OJ L186/28 1999 Google Scholar, Case No. IV/35.992/F3

,European Commission Google Scholar DecisionSpain Pharma Case IV/37.121/F3

,Commission Decision Case ofWhitbread, OJ L88/26 1999 Google Scholar, Case No. IV/35.079/F3

Evans, David, Nichols, Albert, Reddy, Bernard and Schmalensee, Richard (2001), ‘A Monopolist Would Still Charge More for Windows: A Comment on Werden’, Review of Industrial Organization, 18 Google Scholar: 263–268

Evans, David S. and Schmalensee, Richard (2005), Paying with Plastic Google Scholar, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press

Farrell, Joseph (1987), ‘Cheap Talk, Coordination and Entry’, RAND Journal of Economics, 18 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 34–39

Farrell, Joseph and Katz, Michael L. (2006), ‘The Economics of Welfare Standards in Antitrust’, Competition Policy International, 2 Google Scholar(2): 3–28

Fershtman, Chaim and Gandal, Neil (1993), ‘Disadvantageous Semicollusion’, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 12 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 141–154

Fershtman, Chaim and Muller, Eitan (1986), ‘Capital Investments and Price Agreements in Semi-collusive Markets’, RAND Journal of Economics, 17 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 214–226

Fershtman, Chaim and Pakes, Ariel (2000), ‘A Dynamic Oligopoly with Collusion and Price Wars’, RAND Journal of Economics, 31 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 207–236

Finkelstein, Michael O. and Levenbach, Hans (1983), ‘Regression Estimates of Damages in Price-Fixing Cases’, Law and Contemporary Problems, 46 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 145–169

Frankel, Alan S. (1998), ‘Monopoly and Competition in the Supply and Exchange of Money’, Antitrust Law Journal, 66 Google Scholar(2): 313–361

Friberg, Richard (2001), ‘Two Monies, Two Markets? Variability and the Option to Segment’, Journal of International Economics, 55 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 317–327

Friedman, James (1971a), ‘A Non-cooperative Equilibrium for Supergames’, Review of Economic Studies, 38 CrossRef | Google Scholar(113): 1–12

Friedman, James (1971b), ‘A Non-cooperative View of Oligopoly’, International Economic Review, 12 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 106–122

Friedman, James (1983), ‘Advertising and Oligopolistic Equilibrium’, Bell Journal of Economics, 14 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 464–473

Friedman, James and Thisse, Jacques-François (1994), ‘Sustainable Collusion in Oligopoly with Free Entry’, European Economic Review, 38 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 271–283

Fudenberg, Drew, Levine, David and Maskin, Eric (1994), ‘The Folk Theorem with Imperfect Public Information’, Econometrica, 62 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 997–1039

Fumagalli, Chiara and Motta, Massimo (2006), ‘Exclusive Dealing and Entry: When Buyers Compete’, American Economic Review, 96 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 785–795

Furse, Mark (2006), Competition Law of the EC and UK Google Scholar, 5th edition, Oxford University Press

Gans, Joshua S. and King, Stephen P. (2000), ‘Mobile Network Competition, Customer Ignorance and Fixed-to-Mobile Call Prices’, Information Economics and Policy, 12 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 301–328

Gans, Joshua S. and King, Stephen P. (2001), ‘Using “Bill and Keep” Interconnect Agreements to Soften Network Competition’, Economics Letters, 71 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 413–420

Gans, Joshua S., King, Stephen P. and Wright, Julian (2005), ‘Wireless Communications’ in Majumdar, Sumit Kumar, Vogelsang, Ingo and Cave, Martin E. (eds.), Handbook of Telecommunications, Volume 2, Amsterdam Google Scholar: North-Holland

Genakos, Christos, Kühn, Kai-Uwe and Reenen, John (2006 Google Scholar), ‘The Incentives of a Monopolist to Degrade Interoperability: Theory and Evidence from the PC and Server Market’, mimeo

Genakos, Christos and Valletti, Tommaso (2007 Google Scholar), ‘Testing the “Waterbed” Effect in Mobile Telephony’, mimeo

Gerber, David J. (1998), Law and Competition in Twentieth Century Europe: Protecting Prometheus, Oxford Google Scholar: Clarendon Press

Geroski, Paul (2004 Google Scholar), ‘Is Competition Policy Worth It?’, speech on the opening of the Centre for Competition Policy at the University of East Anglia, available at: www.competition-commission.org.uk/our_role/speeches/index.htm

Gilbert, Richard and Lieberman, Martin (1987), ‘Investment and Coordination in Oligopolistic Industries’, RAND Journal of Economics, 18 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 17–33

Giotakos, Dimitri, Petit, Laurent, Garnier, Gaelle and Luyck, Peter (2001 Google Scholar), ‘General Electric/Honeywell – An Insight into the Commission Investigation and Decision’, EC Competition Policy Newsletter, 3: 5–13

Goldberg, Pinelopi K. and Verboven, Frank (2001), ‘The Evolution of Price Dispersion in the European Car Market’, Review of Economic Studies, 68 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 811–848

Goldberg, Pinelopi K. and Verboven, Frank (2005), ‘Market Integration and Convergence to the Law of One Price: Evidence from the European Car Market’, Journal of International Economics, 65 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 49–73

Gollier, Christian and Schlesinger, Harris (1995), ‘Second-Best Insurance Contract Design in an Incomplete Market’, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 97 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 123–135

Grant, Jeremy and Neven, Damien (2005), ‘The Attempted Merger between General Electric and Honeywell: A Case of Transatlantic Conflict’, Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 1 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 595–633

Green, Edward and Porter, Robert (1984), ‘Non Cooperative Collusion Under Imperfect Price Information’, Econometrica, 52 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 87–100.

Griffin, Joseph P. (1998), ‘Foreign Governmental Reaction to US Assertion of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction’, European Competition Law Review, 19 Google Scholar: 64–73

Gual, Jordi, Hellwig, Martin, Perrot, Anne, Polo, Michele, Rey, Patrick, Schmidt, Klaus and Stenbacka, Rune (2006), ‘An Economic Approach to Article 82’, Competition Policy International, 2 Google Scholar(1): 111–154

Haltiwanger, John and Harrington, Joseph (1991), ‘The Impact of Cyclical Demand Movements in Collusive Behavior’, RAND Journal of Economics, 22 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 89–106

Harrington, Joseph E. (2004), ‘Post-cartel Pricing during Litigation’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 52 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 517–533

Hart, Oliver (1983), ‘The Market Mechanism as an Incentive Scheme’, Bell Journal of Economics, 14 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 366–382

Hatton, Catriona, Wagner, Christoph and Armengod, Hector (2007), ‘Fair Play: How Competition Authorities Have Regulated the Sale of Football Media Rights in Europe’, European Competition Law Review, 28 Google Scholar(6): 346–354

Hausman, Jerry, Leonard, Gregory and Zona, J. Douglas (1994), ‘Competitive Analysis with Differentiated Products’, Annales d'Economie et de Statistique, 34 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 159–180

Hausman, Jerry and Leonard, Gregory (2005), ‘Using Merger Simulation Models: Testing the Underlying Assumptions’, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 23 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 693–698

Hausman, Jerry and Mackie-Mason, Jeffrey (1988), ‘Price Discrimination and Patent Policy’, RAND Journal of Economics, 19 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 253–265

Hayek, Friedrich A. (1949), ‘The Meaning of Competition’ in Hayek, Friedrich A. (ed.), Individualism and Economic Order, London Google Scholar: Routledge

Hayek, Friedrich A. (1960), The Constitution of Liberty Google Scholar, University of Chicago Press

Hendricks, Ken and Porter, Rob (2007), ‘An Empirical Perspective on Auctions’, in Armstrong, and Porter, (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Volume 3, Amsterdam Google Scholar: North-Holland

Hicks, John R. (1935), ‘Annual Survey of Economic Theory: The Theory of Monopoly’, Econometrica, 3 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 1–20

Hoernig, Steffen (2007), ‘On-net and Off-net Pricing on Asymmetric Telecommunications Networks’, Information Economics and Policy, 19 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 171–188

Holt, Charles A. (1995), ‘Industrial Organization: A Survey of Laboratory Research’ in Kagel, John Henry and Roth, Alvin E. (eds.), The Handbook of Experimental Economics Google Scholar, Princeton University Press, 349–443

,House of Lords (UK) (2006 Google Scholar), Inntrepreneur v Crehan, UKHL 38; key earlier stages of this case can be found at (2003) EWHC 1510 (Ch) (Park J's High Court judgment), (2003) EuLR 663, (2004) EWCA Civ 637 (the Court of Appeal's judgment) and EuLR 693, also Courage Ltd v Crehan (Case C-453/99), (2002) QB 507

Ivaldi, Marc, Jullien, Bruno, Rey, Patrick, Seabright, Paul and Tirole, Jean (2003 Google Scholar), ‘The Economics of Tacit Collusion’, Report for DG Competition, European Commission, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/studies_reports/studies_reports.html

Ivaldi, Marc and Lorinscz, Szabeles (2004 Google Scholar), ‘A Full Equilibrium Relevant Market Test: Application to Computer Servers’, mimeo, University of Toulouse

Ivaldi, Marc and Verboven, Frank (2005), ‘Quantifying the Effects from Horizontal Mergers: The European Heavy Trucks Market’, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 23 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 669–692

Iyer, Ganesh (1998), ‘Coordinating Channels under Price and Nonprice Competition’, Marketing Science, 17 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 338–355

Jayaratne, Jith and Shapiro, Carl (2000), ‘Simulating Partial Asset Divestitures to “Fix” Mergers’, International Journal of the Economics of Business, 7 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 179–200

Jenny, Frédéric (2002 Google Scholar), ‘Pharmaceuticals, Competition and Free Movement of Goods’, EU Competition Law & Policy, Developments & Priorities, Helenic Competition Commission, Athens Conference, 19 April: 77–87

Jones, Alison and Sufrin, Brenda (2007), EC Competition Law: Text, Cases and Materials Google Scholar, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press

Kandori, Michihiro and Matsushima, Hitoshi (1998), ‘Private Observation, Communication and Collusion’, Econometrica, 66 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 627–652

Karlinger, Liliane and Motta, Massimo (2006 Google Scholar), ‘Exclusionary Pricing and Rebates in a Network Industry’, mimeo, EUI

Kirzner, Israel M. (1978), Entrepreneurship and Competition Google Scholar, University of Chicago Press

Klein, Benjamin and Lerner, Andres (eds.) (2008), Economics of Antitrust Law, Cheltenham CrossRef | Google Scholar: Edward Elgar

Klein, Benjamin and Murphy, Kevin (1988), ‘Vertical Restraints as Contract Enforcement Mechanisms’, Journal of Law and Economics, 31 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 265–297

Klemperer, Paul (2007), ‘Bidding Markets’, Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 3 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 1–47

Klemperer, Paul D. and Meyer, Margaret A. (1989), ‘Supply Function Equilibrium in Oligopoly’, Econometrica, 57 CrossRef | Google Scholar(6): 1243–1277

Kobayashi, Bruce H. (2001), ‘Antitrust, Agency and Amnesty: An Economic Analysis of the Criminal Enforcement of the Antitrust Laws against Corporations’, George Washington Law Review, 69 Google Scholar(5–6): 715–744

Kobayashi, Bruce H. (2005), ‘The Economics of Loyalty Discounts and Antitrust Law in the United States’, Competition Policy International, 1 Google Scholar(2): 115–148

Kolasky, William J. (2001), ‘Conglomerate Mergers and Range Effects: It's a Long Way From Chicago to Brussels’, speech made before the George Mason Symposium, Washington DC Google Scholar, 9 November

Kolasky, William J. (2006), ‘GE/Honeywell: Narrowing, but Not Closing, the Gap’, Antitrust, 20 Google Scholar(Spring): 69–76

Kovacic, William and Shapiro, Carl (2000), ‘Antitrust Policy: A Century of Economic and Legal Thinking’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 43–60

,KPMG (2003 Google Scholar), ‘Aalborg, Århus, Odense og Københavns Kommuner: (in Danish) Report on Calculation of Damages in Connection with the Trade Between [ABB] and the Municipalities During the Period 1991–1998’, Copenhagen

Kreps, David M. and Scheinkman, José A. (1983), ‘Quantity Precommitment and Bertrand Competition Yield Cournot Outcomes’, Bell Journal of Economics, 14 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 326–337

Kroes, Neelie (2005 Google Scholar), ‘The First Hundred Days’, 40th Anniversary of the Studienvereinigung Kartellrecht 1965–2005, International Forum on European Competition Law, Brussels, 7 April

Kühn, Kai-Uwe (2000 Google Scholar), ‘An Economist's Guide through the Joint Dominance Jungle’, mimeo

Kühn, Kai-Uwe(2001a), ‘Fighting Collusion by Regulating Communication between Firms’, Economic Policy, 32 Google Scholar: 169–204

Kühn, Kai-Uwe (2001 Google Scholarb), ‘A Model of Collusion and Irreversible Investment’, mimeo, University of Michigan

Kühn, Kai-Uwe (2004 Google Scholar), ‘The Coordinated Effects of Mergers in Differentiated Goods Markets’, CEPR Discussion Paper

Kuhn, Kai-Uwe(2005 Google Scholar), ‘The Coordinated Effects of Mergers in Differentiated Products Markets’, CEPR Discussion Paper

Kühn, Kai-Uwe(2008), ‘The Coordinated Effects of Mergers’ in Buccirossi, Paolo (ed.), Handbook of Antitrust Economics Google Scholar, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press

Kühn, Kai-Uwe, Stillman, Robert and Caffara, Cristina (2005), ‘Economic Theories of Bundling and their Policy Implications in Abuse Cases: An Assessment in Light of the Microsoft Case’, European Competition Journal, 1 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 85–122

Kühn, Kai-Uwe and Vives, Xavier (1995 Google Scholar), ‘Information Exchanges among Firms and their Impact on Competition’, Office for Official Publications of the European Community, Luxembourg

Kwoka, John and White, Larry (1989), The Antitrust Revolution: Economics, Competition and Policy, 1st Edition (now in its 5th Edition), New York Google Scholar: Oxford University Press

Lademann, Rainer P. (2001 Google Scholar), ‘Customer Preferences for Existing and Potential Sales and Servicing Alternatives in Automotive Distribution’, study prepared for the European Commission

Laffont, Jean-Jacques, Rey, Patrick and Tirole, Jean (1998), ‘Network Competition: II. Price Discrimination’, RAND Journal of Economics, 29 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 38–56

Lafontaine, Francine and Slade, Margaret E. (2008 Google Scholar), ‘Exclusive Contracts and Vertical Restraints: Empirical Evidence and Public Policy’, in Paolo Bucciross (ed.) Handbook of Antitrust Economics, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 391–414

Lafontaine, Francine and Slade, Margaret E.(2007), ‘Vertical Integration and Firm Boundaries: The Evidence’, Journal of Economic Literature, 45 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 631–687

Lal, Rajiv and Rao, Ram (1997), ‘Supermarket Competition: The Case of Every Day Low Pricing’, Marketing Science, 16 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 60–80

Lambson, Val E. (1994), ‘Some Results on Optimal Penal Codes in Asymmetric Bertrand Supergames’, Journal of Economic Theory, 62 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 444–468

Landes, William M. (1983), ‘Optimal Sanctions for Antitrust Violations’, University of Chicago Law Review, 50 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 652–678

Leibenstein, Harvey (1966), ‘Allocative Efficiency vs. “X-Efficiency”’, American Economic Review, 56 Google Scholar(3): 392–415

Leibenstein, Harvey (1973), ‘Competition and X-Efficiency: Reply’, Journal of Political Economy, 81 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 765–777

Levenstein, Margaret and Suslow, Valerie Y. (2003), ‘Contemporary International Cartels and Developing Countries: Economic Effects and Implications for Competition Policy’, Antitrust Law Journal, 71 Google Scholar(3): 801–852

,Lexecon (1985), The Economics of Gray-Markets Imports, Chicago Google Scholar

,Lexicon Ltd(1999 Google Scholar), ‘Joint Dominance’, Competition memo, London

,London Economics (1997 Google Scholar), ‘Competition in Retailing’, Research Paper No. 13, London: Office of Fair Trading

Lowe, Philip (2006 Google Scholar), ‘The Evolution and Regulation of the Payments System’, address to the Payments System Conference at Melbourne Business School, March

Lyons, Bruce (2007 CrossRef | Google Scholar), ‘The Paradox of the Exclusion of Exploitative Abuse’, Chapter 3 in The Pros and Cons of High Prices, Swedish Competition Authority, 32–46

Lyons, Bruce (2009), ‘An Economic Assessment of EC Merger Control: 1958–2007’, CCP Working Paper 08–17, in Vives, Xavier (ed.) (2009), Competition Policy in the EU: Fifty Years on from the Treaty of Rome Google Scholar, Oxford University Press, Ch. 6, 135–175

Macieira, João (2006 Google Scholar), ‘Extending the Frontier: A Structural Model of Investment and Technological Competition in the Supercomputer Industry’, mimeo, Northwestern University

Malueg, David A. and Schwartz, Marius (1994), ‘Parallel Imports, Demand Dispersion and International Price Discrimination’, Journal of International Economics, 37 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3–4): 167–195

Martin, Stephen (2001), Advanced Industrial Economics, 2nd edition, Oxford Google Scholar: Blackwell

Mathewson, Frank and Winter, Ralph (1984), ‘An Economic Theory of Vertical Restraints’, RAND Journal of Economics, 15 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 27–38

Matsushima, Hitoshi (1989), ‘Efficiency in Repeated Games with Imperfect Monitoring’, Journal of Economic Theory, 48 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 428–442

McAfee, R. Preston, McMillan, John and Whinston, Michael D. (1989), ‘Multiproduct Monopoly, Commodity Bundling, and Correlation of Values’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 371–384

McFadden, Daniel (1974), ‘Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior’ in Zarembka, Paul (ed.), Frontiers in Econometrics, New York Google Scholar: Academic Press, 105–142

McGuire, Timothy W. and Staelin, Richard (1983), ‘An Industry Equilibrium Analysis of Downstream Vertical Integration’, Marketing Science, 2 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 161–192

Megginson, William L. and Netter, Jeffrey M. (2001), ‘From State to Market: A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization’, Journal of Economic Literature, 39 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 321–389

Melnik, Arie, Shy, Oz and Stenbacka, Rune (2008), ‘Assessing Market Dominance’, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 68 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 63–72

Mittal, Vittas, Kumar, Pankaj and Tsiros, Michael (1999), ‘Attribute-Level Performance, Satisfaction and Behavioural Intentions over Time: a Consumption-System Decision Approach’, Journal of Marketing, 63 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 88–101

,Monopolies and Mergers Commission (1981 Google Scholar), ‘Discounts to Retailers’, HC 311, London: HMSO

,Monopolies and Mergers Commission(1989 Google Scholar), ‘The Supply of Beer’, London: HMSO

,Monopolies and Mergers Commission(1997 Google Scholar), ‘Bass PLC, Carlsberg A/S, and Carlsberg–Tetley PLC: A Report on the Merger Situation’, London: HMSO

,Monopolies and Mergers Commission(1999 Google Scholara), ‘British Telecommunications plc: A Report on a Reference Under Section 13 of Telecommunications Act 1984 for Calls Made from its Subscribers to Phones Connected to the Networks of Cellnet and Vodafone’, London: HMSO

,Monopolies and Mergers Commission(1999 Google Scholarb), ‘Cellnet and Vodafone: A Report on a Reference Under Section 13 of Telecommunications Act 1984 on the Charges Made by Cellnet and Vodafone for Terminating Calls from Fixed-Line Networks’, London: HMSO

Mossin, Jan (1968), ‘Aspects of Rational Insurance Purchasing’, Journal of Political Economy, 76 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 533–568

Motta, Massimo (2004), Competition Policy: Theory and Practice CrossRef | Google Scholar, Cambridge University Press

Motta, Massimo and Rønde, Thomas (2006 Google Scholar), ‘Exclusive Contracts: Between Foreclosure and Protection of Investments’, mimeo, EUI

Nalebuff, Barry J. (2000), ‘Competing Against Bundles’ in Hammond, Peter and Myles, Gareth D. (eds.), Incentives, Organisation, Public Economics, London Google Scholar: Oxford University Press, 323–336

Nalebuff, Barry J. (2003 Google Scholar), ‘Bundling, Tying and Portfolio Effects: Part 2 – Case Studies’, DTI Economic Paper 1, London

Nalebuff, Barry J. and Lu, Shihua (2001 Google Scholar), ‘A Bundle of Trouble’, Yale School of Management Working Paper

Nazzini, Renato (2003), ‘Parallel Trade in the Pharmaceutical Market, Current Trends and Future Solutions’, World Competition, 26 Google Scholar(1): 53–74

Neven, Damien J. (2006), ‘Competition Economics and Antitrust in Europe’, Economic Policy, 21 CrossRef | Google Scholar(48): 741–791

Nevo, Aviv (2000), ‘Mergers with Differentiated Products: The Case of the Ready-to-Eat Cereal Industry’, RAND Journal of Economics, 31 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 395–421

Nickell, Stephen (1996), ‘Competition and Corporate Performance’, Journal of Political Economy, 104 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 724–746

Nickell, Stephen, Nicolitsas, Daphne and Dryden, Neil (1997), ‘What Makes Firms Perform Well?’, European Economic Review, 41 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 783–796

North, Douglass C. (1991), ‘Institutions’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 97–112

,Ofcom (2006 Google Scholar), ‘Mobile Call Termination: Market Review’, London: Office of Communications

,Office of Fair Trading (1989 Google Scholar), ‘Supply of Beer (Tied Estate) Order’, SI 1989 No. 2390

,Office of Fair Trading(2003 Google Scholar), ‘The British Horseracing Board and the Jockey Club: A Summary of the OFT's Case’, OFT654, April

,Office of Fair Trading(2006 Google Scholar), ‘The Grocery Market: The OFT's Reasons for Making a Reference to the Competition Commission’, OFT845, May

Olley, Stephen and Pakes, Ariel (1996), ‘The Dynamics of Productivity in the Telecommunications Equipment Industry’, Econometrica, 64 CrossRef | Google Scholar(6): 1263–1297

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1997 Google Scholar), ‘Market Access Issues in the Automobile Sector’, OECD proceedings

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2000 Google Scholar), Review of Regulatory Reform in Italy, Chapter 1: ‘The Role of Competition Policy’

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2003 Google Scholar), Review of Regulatory Reform in France, Chapter 3: ‘The Role of Competition Policy’

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2004 Google Scholar), Review of Regulatory Reform in Germany, Chapter 3: ‘The Role of Competition Policy’

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2005 Google Scholar), Competition Law and Policy in the EU

Osborne, Martin J. and Pitchik, Carolyn (1987), ‘Cartels, Profits and Excess Capacity’, International Economic Review, 28 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 413–428

Patterson, Donna and Shapiro, Carl (2001), ‘Transatlantic Divergence in GE/Honeywell: Causes and Lessons’, Antitrust, 16 Google Scholar(Fall): 32–33

Pepall, Lynne, Richards, Dan and Norman, George (2008), Industrial Organization: Contemporary Theory and Empirical Applications Google Scholar, 4th edition, Oxford: Blackwell

Perry, Martin K. and Besanko, David (1991), ‘Resale Price Maintenance and Manufacturer Competition for Exclusive Dealerships’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 39 CrossRef | Google Scholar(5): 517–544

Phlips, Louis (1983), The Economics of Price Discrimination Google Scholar, Cambridge University Press

Pinkse, Joris and Slade, Margaret E. (2004), ‘Mergers, Brand Competition, and the Price of a Pint’, European Economic Review, 48 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 617–643

Pinkse, Joris, Slade, Margaret E. and Brett, Craig (2002), ‘Spatial Price Competition: A Semiparametric Approach’, Econometrica, 70 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 1111–1155

Majoras, Platt, Deborah (2001 Google Scholar), ‘GE-Honeywell: The US Decision’, speech made before the Anti-Trust Section of the State Bar of Georgia, 29 November

Plott, Charles R. and Smith, Vernon L. (2008), Handbook of Results in Experimental Economics Google Scholar, Volume 1, place: Elsevier

Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Shavell, Steven (1994), ‘Should Liability Be Based on the Harm to the Victim or the Gain to the Injurer?’, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 10 Google Scholar(2): 427–437

Porter, Robert H. (1983a), ‘Optimal Cartel Trigger Price Strategies’, Journal of Economic Theory, 29 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 313–338

Porter, Robert H. (1983b), ‘A Study of Cartel Stability: The Joint Executive Committee, 1880–1886’, Bell Journal of Economics, 14 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 301–314

Porter, Robert H. (2005), ‘Detecting Collusion’, Review of Industrial Organization, 26 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 147–167

Posner, Richard (1976), Antitrust Law Google Scholar, University of Chicago Press

,PricewaterhouseCoopers (2002 Google Scholar), ALSTOM PowerFlowSystems A/S (in Danish): ‘Report A: Theoretical and Analytical Framework for Determination of Economic Effects of an Alleged Cartel Formation’; ‘Report B: Description of Plaintiffs’ Models for Calculating Damages'; ‘Report C: Comments on the Plaintiffs’ Models for Calculating Damages'; ‘Report D: Alternative Calculation of Damages based on ALSTOM's Actual Transactions’; ‘Report E: Alternative Calculation of Damages based on ALSTOM's Economic Profit’, Hellerup, Copenhagen

Punj, Girish and Brookes, Richard (2002), ‘The Influence of Pre-Decisional Constraints on Information Search and Consideration Set Formation in New Automobile Purchases’, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 383–400

Raskovich, Alexander (2003), ‘Pivotal Buyers and Bargaining Position’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 51 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 405–426

Rasmusen, Eric, Ramseyer, J. Mark and Wiley, John S. (1991), ‘Naked Exclusion’, American Economic Review, 81 Google Scholar(5): 1137–1145

Rey, Patrick (2003 Google Scholar), ‘The Impact of Parallel Imports on Prescription Medicines’, mimeo, University of Toulouse

Rey, Patrick and Stiglitz, Joseph (1995), ‘The Role of Exclusive Territories in Producers’ Competition', RAND Journal of Economics, 26 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 431–451

Rey, Patrick and Tirole, Jean (2007), ‘A Primer on Foreclosure’, in Armstrong, and Porter, (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Volume 3, Amsterdam: North Holland Google Scholar

Reynolds, Robert J. and Ordover, Janusz (2002), ‘Archimedean Leveraging and the GE/Honeywell Transaction’, Antitrust Law Journal, 70 Google Scholar: 171–198

Richardson, Russell (1999), ‘Guidance without Guidance – A European Revolution in Fining Policy? The Commission's New Guidelines on Fines’, European Competition Law Review, 20 Google Scholar(7): 360–371

Rochet, Jean-Charles and Tirole, Jean (2002), ‘Cooperation among Competitors: Some Economics of Payment Card Associations’, RAND Journal of Economics, 33 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 549–570

Rochet, Jean-Charles and Tirole, Jean (2003a), ‘An Economic Analysis of the Determination of Interchange Fees in Payment Card Systems’, Review of Network Economics, 2 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 69–79

Rochet, Jean-Charles and Tirole, Jean (2003b), ‘Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets’, Journal of the European Economics Association, 1 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 990–1209

Rochet, Jean-Charles and Tirole, Jean (2006 Google Scholara), ‘Tying in Two-Sided Markets and the Honour-All-Cards Rule’, mimeo, IDEI, Toulouse University

Rochet, Jean-Charles and Tirole, Jean (2006 Google Scholarb), ‘Must-Take Cards and the Tourist Test’, mimeo, IDEI, Toulouse University

Rochet, Jean-Charles and Tirole, Jean (2006c), ‘Two-Sided Markets: A Progress Report’, RAND Journal of Economics, Special Issue on Two-Sided Markets, 37 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 645–663

Ross, Thomas (1992), ‘Cartel Stability and Product Differentiation’, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 10 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 1–13

Rotemberg, Julio and Saloner, Gapth (1986), ‘A Supergame Theoretic Model of Price Wars during Booms’, American Economic Review, 76 Google Scholar: 390–407

Rubinfeld, D. (2004), 'Maintenance of Monopoly: U.S. vs. Microsoft (2001)', Case 19 in Kwoka, John E. and White, Lawrence J. (eds.), The Anti-Trust Revolution Google Scholar, Oxford University Press

Sachs, Jeffrey (1993), Poland's Jump to the Market Economy, Lionel Robbins Lectures, Cambridge, Mass. and London Google Scholar: MIT Press

Scherer, Mike and Ross, David (1990), Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, Boston, Mass Google Scholar.: Houghton Mifflin Company

Schmalensee, Richard (1987), ‘Competitive Advantage and Collusive Optima’, International Journal of Industrial Economics, 5 Google Scholar: 351–367

Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1943), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy Google Scholar, London: Routledge

Segal, Ilya R. and Whinston, Michael D. (2000a), ‘Naked Exclusion: Comment’, American Economic Review, 90 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 296–309

Segal, Ilya R. and Whinston, Michael D. (2000b), ‘Exclusive Contracts and Protection of Investment’, RAND Journal of Economics, 31 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 603–633

Sen, Amartya K. (1993), ‘Markets and Freedoms: the Achievements and Limitations of the Market Mechanisms in Promoting Individual Freedoms’, Oxford Economic Papers, 45 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 519–541

Shapiro, Carl (1989), ‘Theories of Oligopoly Behavior’ in Schmalensee, Richard and Willig, Robert D. (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization Google Scholar, Volume 1, Amsterdam: North Holland/Elsevier Science Publishers, 329–414

Sibley, David S. and Heyer, Ken (2003), ‘Selected Economic Analysis at the Antitrust Division: The Year in Review’, Review of Industrial Organization, 23 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 95–119

Slade, Margaret E. (1998), ‘Beer and the Tie: Did Divestiture of Brewer-owned Public Houses Lead to Higher Beer Prices?’, Economic Journal, 108 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 565–602

Slade, Margaret E. (2000), ‘Regulating Manufacturers and Their Exclusive Retailers’ in Berg, Morten and Hope, Einar (eds.), Foundations of Competition Policy, London Google Scholar: Routledge

Slade, Margaret E. (2004a), ‘Market Power and Joint Dominance in the UK Brewing Industry’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 52 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 133–163

Slade, Margaret E. (2004b), ‘Models of Firm Profitability’, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 289–308

Smith, Adam (1776 Google Scholar), An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

Smith, Howard (2004), ‘Supermarket Choice and Supermarket Competition in Market Equilibrium’, Review of Economic Studies, 71 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 235–263

Spector, David (2005), ‘Loyalty Rebates: An Assessment of Competition Concerns and a Proposed Structured Rule of Reason’, Competition Policy International, 1 Google Scholar(2): 89–114

Spengler, Joseph J. (1950), ‘Vertical Integration and Anti-Trust Policy’, Journal of Political Economy, 58 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 347–352

München, Staatsanwaltschaft (2005 Google Scholar), Anklageschrift, Beglaubigte Abschrift, Munich, 18 March

Staiger, Robert W. and Wolak, Frank A. (1992), ‘Collusive Pricing with Capacity Constraints in the Presence of Demand Uncertainty’, RAND Journal of Economics, 23 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 203–220

Steen, Frode and Sorgard, Lars (1999), ‘Semicollusion in the Norwegian Cement Market’, European Economic Review, 43 CrossRef | Google Scholar(9): 1775–1796

Stein, Jeremy C. (1997), ‘Internal Capital Markets and the Competition for Corporate Resources’, Journal of Finance, 52 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 111–133

Stephan, Andreas (2006), ‘The Bankruptcy Wildcard in Cartel Cases’, Journal of Business Law Google Scholar, August: 511–534

Stigler, George J. (1964), ‘A Theory of Oligopoly’, The Journal of Political Economy, 72 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 44–61

Stigler, George (1976), ‘The Xistence of X-Efficiency’, American Economic Review, 66 Google Scholar(1): 213–216

Stigler, George J. (1987), ‘Competition’ in Durlauf, S. N. and Blume, L. E. (eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Google Scholar, reprinted in 2008 edition, Palgrave Macmillan

Sutton, John (2007), ‘Market Structure: Theory and Evidence’, in Armstrong, and Porter, (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Volume 3, Amsterdam Google Scholar: North-Holland

Telser, Lester G. (1960), ‘Why Should Manufacturers Want Fair Trade?’, Journal of Law and Economics, 3 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 86–105

Thisse, Jacques-François and Vives, Xavier (1988), ‘On the Strategic Choice of Spatial Price Policy’, American Economic Review, 78 Google Scholar(1): 122–137

Tirole, Jean (1988), The Theory of Industrial Organization, Cambridge, Mass. Google Scholar: MIT Press

,US Department of Justice (2001 Google Scholar), ‘Range Effects: The United States Perspective’, Antitrust Division Submission for OECD Roundtable on Portfolio Effects in Conglomerate Mergers, downloadable at http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/public/international/9550.htm

Reenen, John (2004 Google Scholar), ‘Is There a Market for Workgroup Servers?’, Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper No. 650

Reenen, John (2006), ‘The Growth of Network Computing: Quality Adjusted Prices for Network Servers’, Economic Journal, 116 CrossRef | Google Scholar: 29–44

Varian, Hal (1985), ‘Price Discrimination and Social Welfare’, American Economic Review, 75 Google Scholar: 870–875

Varian, Hal (1989), ‘Price Discrimination’ in Schmalensee, Richard and Willig, Robert D. (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Amsterdam Google Scholar: North-Holland

Veljanovski, Cento (2007), ‘Cartel Fines in Europe – Law, Practice and Deterrence’, World Competition, 30 Google Scholar: 65–86

Verboven, Frank (1996), ‘International Price Discrimination in the European Car Market’, RAND Journal of Economics, 27 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 240–268

Verhoef, Peter and Langerak, Fred (2003 Google Scholar), ‘On the Role of Dealers in Brand Loyalty Decisions in the Automotive Industry’, mimeo, Erasmus University, Rotterdam

Verouden, Vincent (2004), ‘Vertical Agreements and Article 81(1) EC: The Evolving Role of Economic Analysis’, Antitrust Law Journal, 71 Google Scholar: 525–575

Vickers, John (1995), ‘Concepts of Competition’, Oxford Economic Papers, 47 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 1–23

Vickers, John (2005 Google Scholar), ‘Public Policy and the Invisible Price: Competition Law, Regulation, and the Interchange Fee’, presented at the International Payments Policy Conference: ‘Interchange Fees in Credit and Debit Card Industries: What Role for Public Authorities?’ at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

Vickers, John (2006), ‘Discussion of Neven (2006)’, Economic Policy, 21 Google Scholar(48): 781–786

Vives, Xavier (1999), Oligopoly Pricing: Old Ideas and New Tools, Boston Google Scholar: MIT Press

Vives, Xavier (2008), ‘Innovation and Competitive Pressure’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 56 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 419–469

Vives, Xavier (ed.) (2009), Competition Policy in the EU: Fifty Years on from the Treaty of Rome CrossRef | Google Scholar, forthcoming, Oxford University Press

Waelbroeck, Denis (2005), ‘Michelin II: A per se Rule Against Rebates by Dominant Companies?’, Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 1 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 149–171

Werden, Gregory (2001), ‘Microsoft's Pricing of Windows and the Economics of Derived Demand Monopoly’, Review of Industrial Organization, 18 Google Scholar: 357–362

Werden, Gregory J. and Froeb, Luke M. (1994), ‘The Effects of Mergers in Differentiated Products Industries: Logit Demand and Merger Policy’, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 10 Google Scholar: 407–426

Werden, Gregory J. and Froeb, Luke M.(2002), ‘The Antitrust Logit Model for Predicting Unilateral Competitive Effects’, Antitrust Law Journal, 70 Google Scholar: 257

Werden, Gregory J., Froeb, Luke M. and Tardiff, Timothy J. (1996), ‘The Use of the Logit Model in Applied Industrial Organization’, International Journal of the Economics of Business, 3 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1), 83–105

Whinston, Michael D. (1990), ‘Tying, Foreclosure, and Exclusion’, American Economic Review, 80 Google Scholar(4): 837–859

Whinston, Michael D.(2001), ‘Exclusivity and Tying in US v. Microsoft: What We Know, and Don't Know’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 CrossRef | Google Scholar(2): 63–80

Whish, Richard (2003), Competition Law, 3rd edition, London Google Scholar: Butterworths

Whish, Richard (2008), Competition Law, 6th edition, London CrossRef | Google Scholar: LexisNexis UK

Wijckmans, Frank, Tuytschaever, Filip and Vanderelst, Alain (2006), ‘The Motor Vehicle Distribution Block Exemption’ in Wijckmans, Frank, Tuytschaever, Filip and Vanderelst, Alain (eds.), Vertical Agreements in EC Competition Law Google Scholar, Oxford University Press

Wilks, Stephen (1999), In the Public Interest: Competition Policy and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission Google Scholar, Manchester University Press

Williamson, Oliver E. (1976), ‘Franchise Bidding for Natural Monopolies: In General and with Respect to CATV’, Bell Journal of Economics, 7 CrossRef | Google Scholar(1): 73–104

Williamson, Oliver E. (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York Google Scholar: Macmillan Free Press

Wils, Wouter P. J. (1998), ‘The Commission's New Method for Calculating Fines in Antitrust Cases’, European Law Review, 23 Google Scholar(3): 252–263

Wils, Wouter P. J. (2006), ‘Optimal Antitrust Fines: Theory and Practice’, World Competition, 29 Google Scholar(2): 183–208

Wright, Julian (2002), ‘Access Pricing under Competition: An Application to Cellular Networks’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 50 CrossRef | Google Scholar(3): 289–316

Wright, Julian (2003), ‘Optimal Card Payment Systems’, European Economic Review, 47 CrossRef | Google Scholar(4): 587–612

Cases in European Competition Policy

The Economic Analysis

Book description

Reviews

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Save Search

Contents

Metrics

Full text views

Book summary page views