Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- 182 Cytomegalovirus
- 183 Dengue
- 184 Enteroviruses
- 185 Epstein–Barr virus and other causes of the mononucleosis syndrome
- 186 Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas
- 187 Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2
- 188 Human herpesviruses 6, 7, 8
- 189 Influenza
- 190 Papillomavirus in oro-genital infection
- 191 Acute and chronic parvovirus infection
- 192 Rabies
- 193 Varicella-zoster virus
- 194 Viral hemorrhagic fevers
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- Index
- References
184 - Enteroviruses
from Part XXIII - Specific organisms: viruses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2015
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- 182 Cytomegalovirus
- 183 Dengue
- 184 Enteroviruses
- 185 Epstein–Barr virus and other causes of the mononucleosis syndrome
- 186 Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas
- 187 Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2
- 188 Human herpesviruses 6, 7, 8
- 189 Influenza
- 190 Papillomavirus in oro-genital infection
- 191 Acute and chronic parvovirus infection
- 192 Rabies
- 193 Varicella-zoster virus
- 194 Viral hemorrhagic fevers
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- Index
- References
Summary
Enteroviruses (EVs), so named because most members infect the alimentary tract and are shed in the feces, cause a variety of diseases in humans and lower animals. They constitute one of the six major subgroups, or genera, of the family Picornaviridae [pico, “small”; rna, “ribonucleic acid”]. The other genera of Picornaviridae are the Rhinovirus, Cardiovirus, Aphthovirus, and two newly designated genera, Hepatovirus, the prototypic member of which is human hepatitis A virus; and Parechovirus, which contains two serotypes that were previously classified as echoviruses types 22 and 23, and at least 14 additional serotypes.
Physical and biochemical properties
EVs, like all members of the picornavirus family, are small, nonenveloped, spherical (icosahedral) viruses approximately 30 nm in diameter. Their capsids consist of 60 structural subunits, each composed of 4 unique polypeptides: VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. Their genome consists of a linear, single-stranded, unsegmented molecule of RNA (of approximately 7500 nucleotides) that has the same polarity as messenger RNA.
EVs are stable over a wide range of pH (pH 3 to 10), permitting them to retain infectivity during passage through the gastrointestinal tract. They are not inactivated by ether, alcohol, or other lipid solvents, but are readily inactivated by formaldehyde or phenol. EVs retain infectivity for days at room temperature, weeks at refrigerator temperature, and indefinitely when frozen at −20°C or lower. Molar MgCl2 further increases their thermostability, facilitating the use of oral polio vaccines in tropical areas where availability of refrigeration is limited.
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- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1172 - 1182Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015