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1 - Robert Musil: Literature and Politics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2023

Philip Payne
Affiliation:
Lancaster University
Graham Bartram
Affiliation:
Lancaster University
Galin Tihanov
Affiliation:
Queen Mary University of London
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Summary

In his Thirty-Third Diary Notebook, which he kept from 1937 to the end of 1941, shortly before his death in exile, Musil collected material and initial drafts for an autobiography. In this notebook there is the following diagnosis of his state of mind in 1914: “Der Krieg kam wie eine Krankheit, besser wie das begleitende Fieber über mich” (The war came over me like a sickness, or rather like the accompanying fever). Elsewhere in the same notebook he characterized the fever as an “atavistisch mystische[s] Moberlebnis” (T, 947: atavistically mystical mob experience; Diaries, 464; translation modified), thereby shifting it into the dimension of collective psychosis. Twenty years earlier, while still clearly affected by the events, Musil had stressed in his essay of 1921 “Die Nation als Ideal und als Wirklichkeit” (The Nation as Ideal and as Reality) not so much the pathological nature of this experience as its engendering of a pseudoreligious identity, the delight at becoming one with the crowd, even at the physical dissolution of dying a hero's death for the nation:

Darin war auch das berauschende Gefühl enthalten, zum erstenmal mit jedem Deutschen etwas gemeinsam zu haben. Man war plötzlich Teilchen geworden, demütig aufgelöst in ein überpersönliches Geschehen, und spürte, von ihr eingeschlossen, die Nation geradezu leibhaft; es war, als ob mystische Ureigenschaften, welche in einem Wort eingeschlossen die Jahrhunderte verschlafen hatten, plötzlich so real erwachten wie die Fabriken und Kontore am Morgen. Man muß schon ein kurzes Gedächtnis oder ein weites Gewissen haben, um über späterer Besinnung das zu vergessen.

[…] Will man nun glauben, daß es nichts gewesen sei, wenn Millionen Menschen, die zuvor nur für den Eigennutz und in übertünchter Angst vor dem Tode gelebt hatten, plötzlich mit Jubel dem Tod für die Nation entgegenliefen?

[It also conveyed the intoxicating feeling of having for the first time something in common with every German. One had suddenly become a tiny particle, humbly dissolved in supra-personal events; enfolded within the nation, one sensed it virtually as a living entity. It was as if ancient mystical qualities that had lain slumbering for centuries within a word suddenly awoke, as real as factories and offices opening in the morning. One needs a short memory or an accommodating conscience if with the wisdom of hindsight one wants to forget that experience.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2010

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