For as much as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us; Even as they delivered them unto us, who from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; It seems good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus; That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.

Summary: Loosely speaking, the P-vs-NP Question refers to search problems for which the correctness of solutions can be efficiently checked (i.e., if there is an efficient algorithm that given a solution to a given instance determines whether or not the solution is correct). Such search problems correspond to the class NP, and the question is whether or not all these search problems can be solved efficiently (i.e., if there is an efficient algorithm that given an instance finds a correct solution).

Thus, the P-vs-NP Question can be phrased as asking whether or not finding solutions is harder than checking the correctness of solutions. […]