Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. Crime, War, and Global Trafficking
  • Cited by 30
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
July 2009
Print publication year:
2009
Online ISBN:
9780511576775
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511576775
Subjects:
UN and International Organisations, Law, Politics and International Relations, International Relations and International Organisations
Information

Book description

Globalization creates lucrative opportunities for traffickers of drugs, dirty money, blood diamonds, weapons, and other contraband. Effective countermeasures require international collaboration, but what if some countries suffer while others profit from illicit trade? Only international institutions with strong compliance mechanisms can ensure that profiteers will not dodge their law enforcement responsibilities. However, the effectiveness of these institutions may also depend on their ability to flexibly adjust to fast-changing environments. Combining international legal theory and transaction cost economics, this book develops a novel, comprehensive framework which reveals the factors that determine the optimal balance between institutional credibility and flexibility. The author tests this rational design paradigm on four recent anti-trafficking efforts: narcotics, money laundering, conflict diamonds, and small arms. She sheds light on the reasons why policymakers sometimes adopt suboptimal design solutions and unearths a nascent trend toward innovative forms of international cooperation which transcend the limitations of national sovereignty.

Awards

Co-winner of the 2009 Furniss Award

Reviews

‘What constellations of interest, risk and uncertainty are conducive to the creation of more or less legalized international institutions? In an attempt to shed light on this question, Christine Jojarth conducts an exploratory probe of four international institutions established to respond to criminal and warlike activities. Her results are illuminating about the strengths and weaknesses of functional and structural theories of international institutions.’

Robert O. Keohane - Princeton University

‘Too many books on global crime are just a collection of anecdotes and ‘war stories’ that contribute little to our thinking on what to do about this growing threat. In these pages, Christine Jojarth provides sound analytical foundations on which to base what is an indispensable policy debate. This is one of the most rigorous books on this subject.’

Moisés Naím - author of Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy

‘In this compelling new book, Jojarth uses four case studies to examine the validity of the design of international institutions presented by functionalist theories. Using theoretical and empirical evidence in a stimulating and innovative way, Jojarth analyzes the relationship between legally binding treaties and compliance mechanisms in the development of international institutions. Jojarth's conceptual insights are relevant not only to war and crime, but shed light on the management of transnational problems that require countries to deal with messy challenges to traditional notions of sovereignty where cooperation across national jurisdictions is paramount. The book will inspire a wide-ranging debate about the design of new forms of international cooperation.’

Carlos Pascual - Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy, Brookings

‘Exactly the kind of analysis that is needed these days: refining our understanding of how institutions work and applying that insight to new international problems that desperately need solutions.’

Stephen John Stedman - Center for International Security and Cooperation and former Special Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations

‘This is an innovative study of the different strategies which public and private actors have adopted in countering illicit international activities. Case studies of narcotic drugs, money laundering, diamond smuggling and illegal weapons trading examine the alternative legal and institutional frameworks to which governments and companies have turned. No one institutional design can fit the particular challenges posed by different illicit trades, Dr Jojarth argues.’

Lord William Wallace of Saltaire - London School of Economics

'… it is well thought out, efficiently presented, nuanced, historically accurate and balanced, and most importantly and impressively, Christine Jojarth acknowledges readily the limitations of her model, which is almost unheard of in a world where models, alas, rarely if ever capture anything approximating the observed world.'

Source: International Affairs

'… sufficiently accessible to become a focal point around which many international institution scholars will coalesce in order to provide a greater degree of consistency to cross-issue studies.'

Source: Political Studies Review

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

Contents

Contents
References
References
Abbott, Frederick. 2000. The NAFTA and the Legalization of World Politics: A Case Study. International Organization 54 (3): 519–548.
Abbott, Kenneth W. and Snidal, Duncan. 1998. Why States Act through Formal International Organizations. Journal of Conflict Resolution 42 (1): 3–32.
Abbott, Kenneth W. and Snidal, Duncan. 2000. Hard and Soft Law in International Governance. International Organization 54 (3): 421–456.
Abbott, Kenneth W. and Snidal, Duncan. 2004. Pathways to International Cooperation. In The Impact of International Law on International Cooperation: Theoretical Perspectives, ed. Benvenisti, E. and Hirsch, M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Abbott, Kenneth W., Keohane, Robert O., Moravcsik, Andrew, Slaughter, Anne-Marie, and Snidal, Duncan. 2000. The Concept of Legalization. International Organization 54 (3): 401–419.
Africa Research Bulletin. 2000. Sierra Leone: UK Promises to “Go the Distance.”Africa Research Bulletin 37 (6): 14019–14021.
Afrol, . 2006. Angola to double diamond production in 2006. Afrol News, March 14. www.afrol.com/articles/15888 (accessed March 26, 2008).
Alesina, Alberto and Tabellini, Guido. 2005. Why do Politicians Delegate? Harvard Institute of Economic Research, Discussion Paper No. 2079. http://post.economics.harvard.edu/hier/2005papers/2005list.html.
Allison, Graham and Zelikow, Philip. 1999. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. 2nd ed. New York: Longman.
Alter, Karen J. 1998. Who Are the Masters of the Treaty? European Governments and the European Court of Justice. International Organization 52 (1): 121–147.
Alter, Karen J. and Meunier, Sophie. 2006. Nested and Overlapping Regimes in the Transatlantic Banana Trade Dispute. Journal of European Public Policy 13 (3): 362–382.
Alter, Karen J. and Meunier, Sophie. 2007. The Politics of International Regime Complexity. Introduction to the symposium “The Politics of International Regime Complexity,” currently under submission at Perspectives on Politics.
Anderson, Erin and Schmittlein, David C.. 1984. Integration of the Sales Force: An Empirical Examination. Rand Journal of Economics 15 (3): 385–395.
Andreas, Peter and Bertram, Eva. 1992. From Cold War to Drug War. In Paradigms Lost: The Post Cold War Era, ed. Hartman, C. and Vilanova, P.. London: Pluto Press.
Annan, Kofi A. 1999. Facing the Humanitarian Challenge: Towards a Culture of Prevention (Unis/Sg/2358).
Apter, David Ernest. 1997. Political Violence in Analytical Perspective. In The Legitimization of Violence, ed. Apter, D. E.. New York: New York University Press.
Ashworth, Andrew. 2003. Principles of Criminal Law. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Atkins, Andy. 1998. The Economic and Political Impact of the Drug Trade and Drug Control Policies in Bolivia. In Latin America and the Multinational Drug Trade, ed. Joyce, Elizabeth and Malamud, Carlos. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Aust, Anthony. 2000. Modern Treaty Law and Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bagley, Bruce M. 1988. Colombia and the War on Drugs. Foreign Affairs 67: 70–92.
Balakrishnan, S. and Wernerfelt, B.. 1986. Asset Specificity, Firm Heterogeneity, and Capital Structure. Strategic Management Journal 7: 347–359.
Ballman, Alexander, Epstein, David, and O'Halloran, Sharyn. 2002. Delegation, Comitology, and the Separation of Powers in the European Union. International Organization 56 (3): 551–574.
Barclay, Gordon and Tavares, Cynthia. 2003. International Comparisons of Criminal Justice Statistics 2001. www.csdp.org/research/hosb1203.pdf (accessed January 15, 2008).
Barnard, Chester. 1938. The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Barro, Robert and Gordon, David. 1983. A Positive Theory of Modern Policy in a Natural Rate Model. Journal of Political Economy 91: 589–610.
Bassiouni, M. C. and Thony, François. 1999. The International Drug Control System. In International Criminal Law, ed. Bassiouni, M. C.. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers.
Bawn, Kathleen. 1995. Political Control versus Expertise: Congressional Choices about Administrative Procedures. American Political Science Review 89 (1): 62–73.
Bayart, Jean-François, Ellis, Stephen, and Hibou, Béatrice. 1999. The Criminalization of the State in Africa. Oxford, Bloomington, and Indianapolis: James Currey and Indiana University Press.
Bayer, I. and Ghodse, H. 1999. Evolution of international drug control, 1945–1995. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Bulletin on Narcotics LI (1–2): 1–12. www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1999–01–01_1_page003.html (accessed March 23, 2008).
Beare, Margaret E. 2001. Critique of a Compliance-Driven Enforcement Strategy: Money Laundering and the Financial Sector. Paper presented at the Transparency International Conference, Toronto, ON.
Beare, Margaret E. and Schneider, Stephen. 1990. Tracing of Illicit Funds: Money Laundering in Canada. Ottawa: Ministry of the Solicitor General of Canada.
Bennett, Trevor. 1998. Drugs and Crime: The Results of Research on Drug Testing and Interviewing Arrestees. London: Home Office. www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hors183.pdf (accessed March 1, 2008).
Bentham, Mandy. 1998. The Politics of Drug Control. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Berdal, Mats and Malone, David M.. 2000. Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas and Civil Wars. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Berkol, Ilhan. 2007. Analysis of the ECOWAS Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons and Recommendations for the Development of an Action Plan. GRIP: Groupe de recherche et d'information sur la paix et la sécurité. www.grip.org/bdg/g1071en.pdf.
Berkol, Ilhan and Gramizzi, Claudia. 2006. La Conférence d’évaluation du Programme d'action des Nations Unies sur les armes légeres (26 juin–7 juillet 2006): Un non-résultat logique. Brussels, Belgium: Groupe de recherché et d'information sur la paix et la sécurité. www.grip.org/bdg/g4604.html (accessed April 1, 2008).
Phyllis, Berman and Goldman, Lea. 2003. Cracked De Beers: Lev Leviev Is Taking on the Most Successful Cartel in the World. Forbes, September 15. www.forbes.com/global/2003/0915/046.html (accessed March 22, 2008).
Bertram, Eva. 1996. Drug War Politics: The Price of Denial. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Bewley-Taylor, David R. 1999. The United States and International Drug Control, 1907–1997. London and New York: Pinter.
Bewley-Taylor, David R. 2002. Habits of a Hegemon: The United States and the Future of the Global Drug Prohibition Regime. Transnational Institute. http://drugtext.org/library/articles/tni002.htm (accessed March 23, 2008).
Bewley-Taylor, David and Trace, Mike. 2006. The International Narcotics Control Board: Watchdog or Guardian of the UN Drug Conventions?Witley, Surrey, UK: Beckley Foundation. www.internationaldrugpolicy.net/reports/BeckleyFoundation_Report_07.pdf (accessed March 22, 2008).
Birnbaum, Jeffrey H. 2001. Washington Power 25: Fat and Happy in DC. Fortune, May 14.
,Bank for International Settlements. 2001. Customer Due Diligence for Banks. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. October. www.bis.org/publ/bcbs85.pdf (accessed March 25, 2008).
,Bank for International Settlements. 2004. External Positions of Banks in Individual Reporting Countries, Table 2B. Bank for International Settlements Quarterly Review. December. www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed March 20, 2008).
Biting the Bullet. 2001. International Alert and Saferworld. www.basicint.org/WT/smallarms/UN2001/BTB_Recommendations.pdf (accessed March 27, 2008).
Blais, Andre and Massicotte, Louis. 1997. Electoral Formulas: A Macroscopic Perspective. European Journal of Political Research 32: 107–129.
Block, Alan A. 1992. Failures at Home and Abroad: Studies in the Implementation of US Drug Policy. In War on Drugs: Studies in the Failure of US Narcotic Policy, ed. McCoy, A. W. and Block, A. A.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Boaz, David. 1991. The Consequences of Prohibition. In The Crisis in Drug Prohibition, ed. Boaz, D.. Washington, DC: Cato Institute.
Bobrow, David B. and Dryzek, John S.. 1987. Policy Analysis by Design. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Boerner, Christopher S. and Macher, Jeffrey T.. 2001. Transaction Cost Economics: An Assessment of Empirical Research in the Social Sciences. Georgetown University Working Paper.
Bogges, D. Brian. 1992. Exporting United States Drug Law: An Example of the International Ramifications of the “War on Drugs.”Brigham Young University Law Review: 165–190.
Boister, Neil. 2001. The Penal Aspects of the UN Drug Convention. The Hague and Boston: Kluwer Law International.
Bradley, Curtis A. and Kelley, Judith G.. 2006. The Concept of International Delegation. Duke Law School Legal Studies Paper No. 141. http://ssrn.com/abstract=943044 (accessed March 29, 2008).
Braithwaite, John and Drahos, Peter. 2000. Global Business Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brem, Stefan M. 2006. Regulating Small Arms: The Role of NGOs and Private Companies Negotiating an International Action Framework. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Zurich.
Brierly, James L. 1963. Law of Nations: An Introduction to the International Law of Peace. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Broome, John. 2005. Anti-Money Laundering: International Practice and Policies. Causeway Bay, Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
Browne, Marjorie Ann. 2005. The United Nations and “Gun Control.” April 7. Order Code RS22108. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. www.italy.usembassy.gov/pdf/other/RS22108.pdf (accessed March 18, 2008).
Brütsch, Christian and Lehmkuhl, Dirk, eds. 2007. Law and Legalization in Transnational Relations. London and New York: Routledge.
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Morrow, James D., Siverson, Randolph M., and Smith, Alastair. 1999. Policy Failure and Political Survival. Journal of Conflict Resolution 43: 147–161.
Buiter, Willem. 2007. Legalise Drugs to Beat Terrorists. Financial Times, August 7.
Burchell, Graham, Gordon, Colin, and Miller, Peter, eds. 1991. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Business Day. 2002. DRC Loses $800m to Diamond Fraud. Business Day, 28 October. http://globalpolicy.igc.org/security/issues/congo/2002/1028loses.htm.
Buzan, Barry, Wæver, Ole, and Wilde, Jaap. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Camdessus, Michel. 1998. Money Laundering: The Importance of International Countermeasures. Address given on February 10 in Paris at the Plenary Meeting of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network on Money Laundering. www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/1998/021098.htm (accessed August 20, 2007).
Cao, Lan. 2004. International Money Laundering: From Latin America to Asia, Who Pays? The Transnational and Sub-National in Global Crimes. Berkeley Journal of International Law 59: 59–97. www.wm.edu/law/publications/online/cao-653-6684.pdf.
Carey, John M. 2000. Parchment, Equilibria, and Institutions. Comparative Political Studies 33 (6/7): 735–761.
Carr, Edward Hallett. 1946. The Twenty Years’ Crisis: 1919–1939. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.
Carroll, Lisa C. 2002. Alternative Remittance Systems: Distinguishing Sub-Systems of Ethnic Money Laundering in Interpol Member Countries on the Asian Continent. Interpol, March 6, pp. 26–27.
Celia Toro, María. 1999. The Internationalization of Police: The Drug Enforcement Administration of the US Department in Mexico. In Journal of American History, ed. Thelen, David. Special Issue, Rethinking History and the Nation State: Mexico and the United States. www.indiana.edu/~jah/mexico/mtoro.html.
,Center for the Study of Democracy and Saferworld. 2004. Weapons under Scrutiny: Implementing Arms Export Controls and Combating Small Arms Proliferation in Bulgaria. Sofia, Bulgaria: Center for the Study of Democracy.
,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2004. Homicide Trends and Characteristics: Brazil, 1980–2002. Morbidity and Mortality Report Weekly, 53(08): 169–171. www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5308a1.htm (accessed March 1, 2008).
,Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. 2006. Putting Guns in Their Place: A Resource Pack for Two Years of Action by Humanitarian Agencies. www.hdcentre.org/files/PuttingGunsInTheirPlace.pdf (accessed March 14, 2008).
Chayes, Abram and Chayes, Antonia Handler. 1993. On Compliance. International Organization 47: 175–205.
Chayes, Abram, and Chayes, Antonia Handler. 1995. New Sovereignty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chinkin, Christine. 2003. Normative Development in the International Legal System. In Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System, ed. Shelton, D.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Praslin, Choiseul, Charles-Henri, . 1991. La drogue: une economie dynamisée par la repression: la marée blanche. Paris: Presses du CNRS.
,Central Intelligence Agency. 2004. Nauru. The World Factbook. www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html (accessed January 11, 2005).
Clutterbuck, Richard. 1995. Drugs, Crime and Corruption: Think the Unthinkable. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Coase, Ronald H. 1937. The Nature of the Firm. Economica 4: 386–405.
Collier, Paul. 2000. Rebellion as a Quasi-Criminal Activity. Journal of Conflict Resolution 44 (6): 839–853.
Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke. 2004. Greed and Grievance and Civil War. Oxford Economic Papers 56: 563–595.
Cortell, Andrew P. and Peterson, Susan. 2006. Dutiful Agents, Rogue Actors, or Both? Staffing, Voting Rules, and Slack in the WHO and World Trade Organization. In Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, ed. Hawkins, D. G.et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cortright, David and Lopez, George A., eds. 2000. The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Cragin, Kim and Hoffman, Bruce. 2003. Arms Trafficking and Colombia. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
Csete, Joanne and Wolfe, Daniel. 2007. The International Narcotics Control Board and HIV/AIDS. Treatment Issues (GMHC) 21 (1): 4–7.
,Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. 2001. The Global Verification Regime and the International Monitoring System. Preparatory Commission. www.ctbto.org/reference/outreach/booklet3.pdf.
Cuéllar, Mariano-Florentino. 2004. The Mismatch between State Power and State Capacity in Transnational Law Enforcement. Berkeley Journal of International Law 22 (1): 15–58.
,United Nations Department of Disarmament Affairs. 2007. Small Arms and Light Weapons. UN Department of Disarmament Affairs. http://disarmament.un.org/cab/salw.html (accessed August 30, 2007).
DeSombre, Elizabeth. 1995. Baptists and Bootleggers for the Environment: The Origins of United States Unilateral Sanctions. Journal of Environment and Development 4 (1): 53–75.
Dietrich, Christian. 2000. Porous borders and diamonds. In Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds, ed. Gilliers, Jakkie and Dietrich, Christian. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
DiMaggio, Paul J. and Powell, Walter W.. 1983. The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review 28 (2): 147–160.
Diver, Colin S. 1983. The Optimal Precision of Administrative Rules. Yale Law Journal 93 (1): 65–109.
Dixit, Avinash K. 1996. The Making of Economic Policy. A Transaction-Cost Politics Perspective. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Donnelly, Jack. 1992. The United Nations and the Global Drug Control Regime. In Drug Policy in the Americas, ed. Smith, P. H.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Downs, George W., Rocke, David M., and Barsoom, Peter N.. 1996. Is the Good News About Compliance Good News About Cooperation?International Organization 50 (3): 379–406.
,DPA. 2006. Antwerp diamond faces Asian competition. www.indianmuslims.info/news/2006/may/07/economy/antwerp_diamond_faces_asian_competition.html (accessed March 27, 2008).
Drezner, Daniel W. 2001. Sovereignty for Sale: Why It's Never Been More Profitable to Be a Nation-State than in Today's Non-Nation-State World. Foreign Policy (September/October): 76–77.
Drezner, Daniel W. 2006. The Viscosity of Global Governance: When Is Forum-Shopping Expensive? Paper presented at the International Political Economy Society Conference, Princeton University. www.princeton.edu/~pcglobal/conferences/IPES/papers/drezner_S1100_16.pdf (accessed March 28, 2008).
Dworkin, Ronald. 1986. Law's Empire. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Dyer, Jeffrey H. 1996. Does Governance Matter? Keiretsu Alliances and Asset Specificity as Sources of Japanese Competitive Advantage. Organization Science 7 (6): 649–666.
,Economics and Statistics Office of the Government of the Cayman Islands. 2004. Employment Report. www.eso.ky/pages1.php?page=employment.
Edwards, Adam and Gill, Peter. 2003. After Transnational Organised Crime? The Politics of Public Safety. In Transnational Organised Crime: Perspectives on Global Security, ed. Edwards, A. and Gill, P.. London and New York: Routledge.
Eggertsson, Thrainn. 1990. Economic Behavior and Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Einhorn, Jessica. 2001. The World Bank's Mission Creep. Foreign Affairs 80 (5): 22–35.
Elgie, Robert and McMenamin, Iain. 2005. Credible Commitment, Political Uncertainty or Policy Complexity? Explaining Variations in the Independence of Non-Majoritarian Institutions in France. British Journal of Political Science 35: 531–548.
,European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2003. Public Spending on Drugs in the European Union during the 1990s. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. www.emcdda.eu.int/?nnodeid=1345 (accessed April 2, 2008).
,European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2007. Annual Report on the State of the Drugs Problem in Europe. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. www.emcdda.europa.eu (accessed March 28, 2008).
Epstein, David and O'Halloran, Sharyn. 1999. Delegating Powers: A Transaction Cost Politics Approach to Policy Making under Separate Powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Epstein, Edward Jay. 1977. Agency of Fear: Opiates and Political Power in America. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
,European Union. 1999. Joint Action of 17 December 1998. Official Journal of the European Communities (1999/34/CFSP), January 15.
Evans, Peter. 1997. The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization. World Politics 50 (1): 62–87.
Farah, Douglas. 2001. Al Qaeda Cash Tied to Diamond Trade. Washington Post, November 2. www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/diamond/2001/1102qaeda.htm (accessed March 26, 2008).
Farer, Tom. 2000. Shaping Agendas in Civil Wars. In Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, ed. Berdal, M. and Malone, D. M.. Boulder, CO and London: Lynne Rienner.
,Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 1991. Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering 1990–1991. Paris: Financial Action Task Force.
,Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 2000. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network Annual Report 1999–2000. Paris: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/13/42/34328015.pdf (accessed March 12, 2008).
,Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 2003. The Forty Recommendations. Paris: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network.
,Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 2004. Mandate for the Future of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (September 2004–December 2012). Paris: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/14/60/36309648.pdf (accessed March 25, 2008).
,Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 2005. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network Annual Report 2004–2005. Paris: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/41/25/34988062.pdf.
,Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 2006. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network Annual Report 2005–2006. Paris: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/38/56/37041969.pdf (accessed March 25, 2008).
,Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 2007. Guidance on the Risk-Based Approach to Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing. Paris: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/43/46/38960576.pdf (accessed March 25, 2008).
,Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 2008. Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories: Timeline. www.fatf-gafi.org/document/54/0,3343,en_32250379_32236992_33919542_1_1_1_1,00.html (accessed March 10, 2008).
Fearon, James D. 1997. Signaling Foreign Policy Interest: Tying Hands Versus Sinking Costs. Journal of Conflict Resolution 41 (1): 68–90.
Felbab-Brown, Vanda. 2004. The Coca Connection: The Impacts of Illicit Substances on Militarized Conflicts. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association.
Felbab-Brown, Vanda. 2005. Afghanistan: When Counternarcotics Undermines Counterterrorism. Washington Quarterly 28 (4): 55–72.
Financial Times. 2005. Compliance Costs of Following the Money. Financial Times, June 10.
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 1998. Fincen Further Streamlines Exemption Process. Washington, DC: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network).
Finnemore, Martha and Toope, Stephen J. 2001. Alternatives to “Legalization”: Richer Views of Law and Politics. International Organization 44 (3): 743–758.
Fiorina, Morris P. 1982. Legislative Choice of Regulatory Forms: Legal Process or Administrative Process?Public Choice 39: 33–66.
Fischer, Benedikt, Rehm, J., and Culbert, T.. 2005. Opium-Based Medicines: A Mapping of Global Demand, Supply and the Pharmaceutical Industry. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto.
Forero, Juan. 2005. Ex-Airline Chief Gets 20 Years For Ferrying Cocaine. The New York Times, December 21.
Franck, Thomas M. 1990. The Power of Legitimacy among Nations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine. 2007. Morde in Duisburg: Wo es Pizza gibt, ist auch die Mafia zu Hause. FAZ.net, August 16.
Fraser, John. 2004. Congo Seeks to Regain Role in Gem Trade. Business Day, July 20.
Friman, H. Richard and Andreas, Peter. 1999. Introduction: International Relations and the Illicit Global Economy. In The Illicit Global Economy and State Power, ed. Friman, H. R. and Andreas, P.. Lanham, Maryland and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Frischer, Martin, Green, Stephen T., and Goldberg, David, eds. 1994. Substance Abuse Related Mortality: A Worldwide Review. Scotland, UK: Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health.
Fuller, Jim. 1996. Global Cooperation Vital in Addressing Drug Concerns. Global Issues 1(7): 1–5. http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0796/ijge/ijge0796.pdf (accessed March 23, 2008).
Galeotti, Mark. 2001. Underworld and Upperworld: Transnational Organized Crime and Global Society. In Non-State Actors in World Politics, ed. Josselin, D. and Wallace, W.. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Garland, D. 1999. Governmentability and the Problem of Crime. In Governable Places: Reading on Governmentability and Crime Control, ed. Smandych, R.. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Gberie, Lansana. 2002. War and Peace in Sierra Leone: Diamonds, Corruption and the Lebanese Connection. Ottawa: Partnership Africa Canada.
Gberie, Lansana. 2004. Diamonds without Maps: Liberia, the UN, Sanctions and the Kimberley Process. Ottawa: Partnership Africa Canada.
Geiger, Hans and Wuensche, Oliver. 2007. The Fight against Money Laundering – An Economic Analysis of a Cost–Benefit Paradoxon. Journal of Money Laundering Control 10 (1): 91–105. www.solami.com/geiger.pdf (accessed March 22, 2008).
Gely, Rafael and Spiller, Pablo T.. 1990. A Rational Choice Theory of Supreme Court Statutory Decisions with Applications to the State Farm and Grove City Cases. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 6 (2): 263–300.
George, Alexander L. and McKeown, Timothy J.. 1985. Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision Making. Advances in Information Processing in Organizations 2: 21–58.
Georgiev, Dencho. 1993. Politics or Rule of Law: Deconstruction and Legitimacy in International Law. European Journal of International Law 4 (1): 1–14.
Gibney, Mark. 2006. Political Terror Scale. www.unca.edu/politicalscience/DOCS/Gibney/Political%20Terror%20Scale%201980-2005.pdf (accessed March 18, 2008).
Gilardi, Fabrizio. 2002. Policy Credibility and Delegation to Independent Regulatory Agencies: A Comparative Empirical Analysis. Journal of European Public Policy 9 (6): 873–893.
Gilardi, Fabrizio, Jordana, Jacint, and Levi-Faur, David. 2006. Regulation in the Age of Globalization: The Diffusion of Regulatory Agencies across Europe and Latin America. Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals (IBEI) Working Papers 2006/1. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=960739.
Gilmore, William C. 1999. Dirty Money: The Evolution of Money Laundering Countermeasures. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
Gimmett, Richard F. 2005. Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1997–2004. Order Code RL33051. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Global Witness. 1998. A Rough Trade: The Role of Companies and Governments in the Angolan Conflict. London: Global Witness.
Global Witness. 2004a. The Kimberley Process Gets Some Teeth: The Republic of Congo Is Removed from the Kimberley Process for Failing to Combat the Trade in Conflict Diamonds. London: Global Witness. www.globalwitness.org/press_releases/display2.php?id=248 (accessed May 30, 2005).
Global Witness. 2004b. Same Old Story: Natural Resources in the Democratic Republic of Congo. London: Global Witness.
Global Witness. 2006. The US Diamond Sector. London: Global Witness. www.globalwitness.org/data/files/media_library/8/en/the_us_diamond_sector.pdf (accessed March 26, 2008).
Global Witness. 2007. Combating Conflict Diamonds. London: Global Witness. www.globalwitness.org/pages/en/the_diamond_industry.html (accessed March 26, 2008.)
Gold, M. and Levi, M.. 1994. Money Laundering in the UK: An Appraisal of Suspicion-Based Reporting. London: The Police Foundation.
Goldstein, Judith. 1996. International Law and Domestic Institutions: Reconciling North American “Unfair” Trade Laws. International Organization 50 (4): 541–564.
Goldstein, Judith and Martin, Lisa L.. 2000. Legalization, Trade Liberalization, and Domestic Politics: A Cautionary Note. International Organization 54 (3): 603–632.
Goldstein, Judith, Kahler, Miles, Keohane, Robert O., and Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2000. Introduction: Legalization and World Politics. International Organization 54 (3): 385–399.
Goodin, Robert E. 1996. Institutions and Their Design. In Theories of Institutional Design, ed. Goodin, R. E.. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Goreux, Louis. 2001. Conflict Diamonds. Africa Region Working Paper Series No. 13. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Gourevitch, Peter. 2002. Domestic Politics and International Relations. In Handbook of International Relations, ed. Carlsnaes, Walter, Risse, Thomas, and Simmons, Beth. London: Sage.
Gray, James P. 2001. Why Our Drug Laws Have Failed and What We Can Do About It: A Judicial Indictment of the War on Drugs. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Green, Peter S. 1997. Use of Banknotes Aids Criminals: Launderers Cash in On Eastern Europe. International Herald Tribune, February 17.
Greenberg, Maurice R. 2002. Terrorist Financing: Report of an Independent Task Force. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
Gruber, Lloyd. 2000. Ruling the World: Power Politics and the Rise of Supranational Institutions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Guáqueta, Alexandra. 2003. The Colombian Conflict: Political and Economic Dimensions. In The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance, ed. Ballentine, K. and Sherman, J.. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Gulati, Ranjay and Singh, Harbir. 1998. The Architecture of Cooperation: Managing Cooperation Costs and Appropriation Concerns in Strategic Alliances. Administrative Science Quarterly 43: 781–814.
Guzman, Andrew T. 2004. The Design of International Agreements. International Legal Studies Working Papers Series, No. 8. Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ils/wp/8.
Haas, Peter M. 2003. Choosing to Comply: Theorizing from International Relations and Comparative Politics. In Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System, ed. Shelton, D.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hafner-Burton, Emilie. 2005. Forum Shopping for Human Rights: Trade Arrangements For Sale. Paper presented at the American Political Science Association, Annual Meeting, September 1–4, Washington, DC. www.princeton.edu/~smeunier/Hafner-Burton.pdf (accessed March 30, 2008).
Hall, Peter and Taylor, Rosemary. 1996. Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms. Political Studies 44: 936–958.
Handl, Gunther F., Reisman, W. Michael, Simma, Bruno, Dupuy, Pierre Marie, Chinkin, Christineet al. 1988. A Hard Look at Soft Law. American Society of International Law Proceedings 82: 371–395.
Hart Ezell, Virginia. 2002. Small Arms: Dominating Conflict in the Twenty-First Century. Brown Journal of World Affairs 9 (1): 305–310.
Hart, Paul 't, Stern, Eric K., and Sundelius, Bengt. 1997. Beyond Groupthink: Political Group Dynamics and Foreign Policy-Making. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Hasenclever, Andreas, Mayer, Peter, and Rittberger, Volker. 1997. Theories of International Regimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hawkins, Darren, Lake, David A., Nielson, Daniel, and Tierney, Michael J.. 2006. Delegation Under Anarchy: States, International Organizations, and Principal Agent Theory. In Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, ed. Hawkins, D.et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Helfer, Laurence R. 1999. Forum Shopping for Human Rights. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 148 (285): 288–289.
Helfer, Laurence R. and Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 1997. Toward a Theory of Effective Supranational Adjudication. Yale Law Journal 107 (2): 273–391.
Helmke, Gretchen and Levitsky, Steven. 2004. Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda. Perspectives on Politics 2 (4): 724–740.
Hemmati, Minu. 2002. Multi-Stakeholder Processes for Governance and Sustainability: Beyond Deadlock and Conflict. London: Earthscan.
Henisz, . 2000. The Institutional Environment for Multinational Investment. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 16 (2): 334–364.
,High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges, and Change. 2004. A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility. New York: United Nations. www.un.org/secureworld/ (accessed March 18, 2008).
Hirsch, Moshe. 2004. Compliance with International Norms. In The Impact of International Law on International Cooperation: Theoretical Perspectives, ed. Benvenisti, E. and Hirsch, M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hochschild, Adam. 1999. King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Hoekman, Bernard M. and Kostecki, Michel M.. 2001. The Political Economy of the World Trading System: The World Trade Organization and Beyond. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hoffmann, Stanley. 1968. International Law and the Control of Force. In The Relevance of International Law, ed. Deutsch, K. W. and Hoffmann, S.. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishers.
Hopkinson, Nicholas. 1991. Fighting Drugs Trafficking in the Americas and Europe. London: HMSO.
Horn, Murray. 1995. The Political Economy of Public Administration: Institutional Choice in the Public Sector. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Horn, Murray J. and Shepsle, Kenneth A.. 1989. Commentary on “Administrative Arrangements and the Political Control of Agencies”: Administrative Process and Organizational Form as Legislative Responses to Agency Costs. Virginia Law Review 75: 499–508.
Horvitz, Leslie Alan. 1994. FBI Enters Global Battle on Organized Crime. Washington Times, July 19.
Huber, John D. and Shipan, Charles R.. 2002. Deliberate Discretion? The Institutional Foundations of Bureaucratic Autonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
,Human Rights Watch, 2001. UN: “Program of Inaction” on Small Arms. July 19. http://hrw.org/english/docs/2001/07/19/global308_txt.htm (accessed April 1, 2008).
,Human Rights Watch, 2004. Written Statement Submitted by Human Rights Watch to the UN Economic and Social Council. Asserting the Human Rights of Injection Drug Users in the Era of HIV/AIDS, March 11. www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/366b8a2202edf69cc1256e600057a025?Opendocument (accessed April 1, 2008).
,IANSA. 2006. Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the First Five Years of the UN Programme of Action. Biting the Bullet Project.
,IISS. 2004. Military Balance 2004–5. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.
Iklé, Fred Charles. 1964. How Nations Negotiate. New York, Evanston, and London: Harper & Row.
,International Herald Tribune. 2007. Colombia Navy Seizes Submarine Suspected of Hauling Cocaine. August 7.
,International Narcotics Control Board (International Narcotics Control Board). 2006. Report of the International Narcotics Control Board. Vienna: International Narcotics Control Board.
Janis, Irving Lester. 1983. Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Jervis, Robert. 1975. Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Johnston, Douglas M. 1997. Consent and Commitment in the World Community: The Classification and Analysis of International Instruments. New York: Transnational Publishers.
Jojarth, Christine. 2007. The Birth of a New World Order. Parliamentary Brief, November 2–3. www.thepolitician.org/articles/the-birth-of-a-new-602.html.
Joyce, Elizabeth. 1999. Transnational Criminal Enterprise: The European Perspective. In Transnational Crime in the Americas, ed. Farer, T.. London: Routledge.
Kahler, Miles. 2000. Legalization as Strategy: The Asia-Pacific Case. International Organization 54 (3): 549–571.
Kaldor, Mary. 1999. New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in the Global Era. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Keck, Margaret E. and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Keck, Otto. 1993. The New Institutionalism and the Relative Gains Debate. In International Relations and Pan-Europe: Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Findings, ed. Pfetsch, F. R.. Münster: Lit Verlag.
Keefer, Philip and Stasavage, David. 1998. When Does Delegation Improve Credibility? Central Bank Independence and the Separation of Powers. Working Papers Series 98–18. Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economies.
Keegan, John. 1993. A History of Warfare. New York: Knopf.
Keen, David. 1998. The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars, Adelphi Paper 320. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the International Institute of Security Studies.
Kellerhals, Merle D. Jr. 2001. UN Small Arms Conference a Success, US Official Says. August 21. www.fas.org/asmp/campaigns/smallarms/UNConf_US_success.htm (accessed March 18, 2008).
Keohane, Robert O. 1982. The Demand for International Regimes. International Organization 36 (2): 325–355.
Keohane, Robert O. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Keohane, Robert O. 1988. International Institutions: Two Approaches. International Studies Quarterly 32 (4): 379–396.
Keohane, Robert O. 1989. International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Keohane, Robert O. and Nye, Joseph S., eds. 1971. Transnational Relations and World Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Keohane, Robert O. and Nye, Joseph S., eds. 1989. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown.
Keohane, Robert O. and Nye, Joseph S., eds. 2000. Introduction. In Governance in a Globalizing World, ed. Nye, J. and Donahue, J.. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
Keohane, Robert O., Moravcsik, Andrew, and Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2000. Legalized Dispute Resolution: Interstate and Transnational. International Organization 54 (3): 457–488.
Kessler, Glenn. 2007. Weapons Given to Iraq Are Missing. Washington Post, August 6. www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/05/AR2007080501299.html (accessed March 28, 2008).
,Kimberley Process. 2008. Background. www.kimberleyprocess.com/background/index_en.html (accessed March 14, 2008).
King, Charles. 1997. Ending Civil Wars. Adelphi Paper 308. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press for the International Institute of Security Studies.
King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O., and Verba, Sidney. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Klabbers, Jan. 2001. The Changing Image of International Organizations. In The Legitimacy of International Organizations, ed. Coicaud, Jean-Marc and Heiskanen, Veijo. Tokyo and New York: United Nations University Press.
Klabbers, Jan. 2002. An Introduction to International Institutional Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Klare, M. T. 1995. Light Weapons Diffusion and Global Violence in the Post-Cold War Era. In Light Weapons and International Security, ed. Singh, J.. New Delhi: Pugwash and the Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis.
Klein, Benjamin, Crawford, Robert G., and Alchian, Armen A.. 1978. Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents and the Competitive Contracting Process. Journal of Law and Economics 21 (2): 297–326.
Klein, Eckart. 1997. Die Internationalen Organisationen Als Völkerrechtssubjekte. In Völkerrecht, ed. Graf Vitzhum, W.. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Klotz, Audie. 1995. Norms in International Relations: The Struggle against Apartheid. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Knight, Frank H. 1921. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. 1st ed. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Knight, Jack. 1992. Institutions and Social Conflict. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Koh, Harold H. 1995. A World Transformed. Yale Law Journal 20: ix–xiii.
Koh, Harold H. 1996. Transnational Legal Process. Nebraska Law Review 75 (1): 181–206.
Kopp, Pierre. 2003. Political Economy of Illegal Drugs, Studies in Crime and Economics. London and New York: Routledge.
Koremenos, Barbara. 2001. Loosening the Ties That Bind: A Learning Model of Agreement Flexibility. International Organization 55 (2): 289–325.
Koremenos, Barbara, Lipson, Charles, and Snidal, Duncan. 2001. The Rational Design of International Institutions. International Organization 55 (4): 761–799.
,KPMG 2004. Global Anti-Money Laundering Survey 2007: How Banks Are Facing Up to the Challenge. www.kpmg.se/download/102716/123054/Global%20Anti-Money%20Laundering%20Survey%202004.pdf (accessed March 30, 2008).
,KPMG 2007. Global Anti-Money Laundering Survey 2007 – Appendices. www.kpmg.com/Services/Advisory/Other/AML2007.htm (accessed March 30, 2008).
Krasner, Stephen D. 1983. Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables. In International Regimes, ed. Krasner, S. D.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Krasner, Stephen D. 1985. Structural Conflict: The Third World against Global Liberalism. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Krasner, Stephen D. 1991. Global Communications and National Power: Life on the Pareto Frontier. World Politics 43: 336–366.
Krasner, Stephen D. 1993. Sovereignty, Regimes, and Human Rights. In Regime Theory and International Relations, ed. Rittberger, V.. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Kratochwil, Friedrich V. and Ruggie, John Gerard. 1986. International Organization: A State of the Art on an Art of the State. International Organization 40: 753–775.
Krause, Keith. 2002. Multilateral Diplomacy, Norm Building, and UN Conferences: The Case of Small Arms and Light Weapons. Global Governance 8: 247–263.
Kuriyan, Vinod. 2005. Botswana Won't Force Beneficiation Said Pres. Mogae. Rapaport News, May 24. www.diamonds.net/news/newsitem.asp?num=12314 (accessed May 30, 2005).
Labrousse, A. 1991. La drogue, l'argent et les armes. Paris: Fayard.
Labrousse, A. and Laniel, Laurent. 2002. The World Geopolitics of Drugs, 1998/1999. Dordrecht, Boston, and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Laitner, Sarah. 2005. New Diamond Centres Seek to Take Shine off Antwerp. Financial Times, May 26: 20.
Lake, David A. 1996. Anarchy, Hierarchy, and the Variety of International Relations. International Organization 50 (1): 1–33.
Lake, David A. 1999. Entangling Relations: American Foreign Policy in Its Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Lake, David A. 2000. Global Governance: A Relational Contracting Approach. In Globalization and Governance, ed. Prakash, A. and Hart, J. A.. London and New York: Routledge.
Lake, David A. and McCubbins, Mathew D.. 2006. Delegation to International Agencies. In Delegation Under Anarchy: Principals, Agents, and International Organizations, ed. Hawkins, D.et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lambert, Edouard. 1921. Le Gouvernement des juges et la lutte contre la legislation sociale aux Etats-Unis. Paris: Giard & Cie.
Landes, William M. and Posner, Richard A.. 1975. The Independent Judiciary in an Interest-Group Perspective. Journal of Law and Economics 18 (3): 875–901.
Lane, C. and Bachmann, R.. 1996. The Social Constitution of Trust: Supplier Relations in Britain and Germany. Organization Studies 17: 365–395.
Laurance, Edward J., Wagenmakers, Hendrik, and Wulf, Herbert. Managing the Global Problems Created by the Conventional Arms Trade: An Assessment of the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms. Global Governance 11: 225–246.
Lawrence, Thomas Joseph. 1910. The Principles of International Law. Boston, New York, and Chicago: D. C. Heath and Co.
Billion, Phillippe. 2001. Angola's Political Economy of War: The Role of Oil and Diamonds, 1975–2000. African Affairs 100: 54–80.
Lee, Rensselaer W.. 1999. Transnational Organized Crime: An Overview. In Transnational Crime in the Americas: An Inter-American Dialogue Book, ed. Farer, T.. New York and London: Routledge.
Lee, Rensselaer W. and Perl, Raphael. 2002. Drug Control: International Policy and Options. March. Order Code IB88093. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/8975.pdf (accessed January 10, 2008).
Leigh, John E. 2002. Testimony before US Congress. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Illicit Diamonds, Conflict and Terrorism: The Role of US Agencies in Fighting the Conflict Diamonds Trade. February 13.
Levy, Brian and Spiller, Pablo T.. 1996. A Framework for Resolving the Regulatory Problem. In Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment: Comparative Studies of Telecommunications, ed. Levy, B. and Spiller, P. T.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Levy, Marc A. 1993. European Acid Rain: The Power of Tote-Board Diplomacy. In Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection, ed. Haas, P. M., Keohane, R. O., and Levy, M. A.. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lijphart, Arend. 1971. Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method. American Political Science Review 65 (3): 682–693.
Lipschutz, R. 1996. Global Civil Society and Global Environmental Governance: The Politics of Nature from Place to Planet. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Lipson, Charles. 1991. Why Are Some International Agreements Informal? International Organization 45 (4): 495–538.
Lodge, Martin. 2002. On Different Tracks: Designing Railway Regulation in Britain and Germany. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Lujala, Päivi, Gleditsch, Nils Petter, and Gilmore, Elisabeth. 2005. A Diamond Curse? Civil War and a Lootable Resource. Journal of Conflict Resolution 49 (4): 538–562.
Lumpe, Lora, Meek, Sarah, and Naylor, R. T.. 2000. Introduction to Gun-Running. In Running Guns: The Global Black Market in Small Arms, ed. Lumpe, L.. London and New York: Zed Books.
Luttwak, Edward N. and Koehl, Stuart. 1991. The Dictionary of Modern War. New York: HarperCollins.
Lutz, Ellen and Sikkink, Kathryn. 2000. International Human Rights Law and Practice in Latin America. International Organization 54 (3): 633–659.
,Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute. 2006. Monetary Authority of Macao Improves By-Laws and Regulations and Introduced an Efficient Mechanism to Combat Money-Laundering. www.ipim.gov.mo/en/publication/macauimage/cover/no38_06.htm (accessed March 28, 2008).
Majone, Giandomenico. 1997. Independent Agencies and the Delegation Problem: Theoretical and Normative Dimensions. In Political Institutions and Public Policy, ed. Steunberg, B. and Vught, F.. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Malamud-Goti, Jaime. 1992. Reinforcing Poverty: The Bolivian War on Cocaine. In The War on Drugs: Studies in the Failure of US Narcotics Policy, ed. McCoy, A. W. and Block, A. A.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Malanczuk, Peter. 1997. Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law. 7th revised ed. London and New York: Routledge.
Malone, David M. ed. 2004. The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Manger, William. 1968. Reform of the OAS: The 1967 Buenos Aires Protocol of Amendment to the 1948 Charter of Bogotá: An Appraisal. Journal of Inter-American Studies, 10 (1): 1–14.
March, James G. and Olsen, Johan P.. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press.
March, James G. and Olsen, Johan P. 1990. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. Canadian Journal of Political Science 23 (4): 843–844.
March, James G. and Olsen, Johan P.. 1998. The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders. International Organization 52 (4): 943–969.
Marques, Rafael. 2005. Lundas – The Stones of Death – Angola's Deadly Diamonds: Human Rights Abuses in the Lunda Provinces, 2004. Amsterdam: NIZA. www.niza.nl/docs/200605151104305565.pdf?&username=guest@niza.nl&password=9999&groups=NIZA&workgroup= (accessed March 26, 2008).
Martin, Lisa L. 1993. Coercive Cooperation: Explaining Multilateral Economic Sanctions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Martin, Tim. 2004. Chair Report – Fourth Quarter. December. www.kimberleyprocess.com:8080/site/www_docs/chairs1/chair4quarterreport.pdf (accessed May 30, 2005).
Masten, Scott E., Meehan, James W.., and Snyder, Edward A.. 1991. The Costs of Organization. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 7 (1): 1–25.
Mathiak, Lucy and Lumpe, Lora. 2000. Government Gun-Running to Guerrillas. In Running Guns: The Global Black Market in Small Arms, ed. Lumpe, L.. London and New York: Zed Books.
McAllister, William B. 2000. Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An International History. London and New York: Routledge.
McCall Smith, James. 2000. The Politics of Dispute Settlement Design: Explaining Legalism in Regional Trade Pacts. International Organization 54 (1): 137–180.
McConnell, Tristan. 2007. Fighting diamond smuggling in Africa. Christian Science Monitor, July 30. http://csmonitor.com/2007–0730-p07s02-woaf.html (accessed March 26, 2008).
McCoy, Alfred W. 1992. Heroin as a Global Commodity: A History of the Southeast Asia Drug Trade. In War on Drugs: Studies in the Failure of US Narcotics Policy, ed. McCoy, Alfred W. and Block, Alan A.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
McCubbins, Mathew D. and Page, Talbot. 1993. A Theory of Congressional Delegation. In Congress: Structure and Policy, ed. McCubbins, M. D. and Sullivan, T.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McCubbins, Mathew D. and Schwartz, Thomas. 1984. Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols Versus Fire Alarms. American Journal of Political Science 28: 165–179.
McCubbins, Mathew D., Noll, Roger, and Weingast, Barry. 1987. Administrative Procedures as Instruments of Political Control. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 3 (2): 243–277.
McCubbins, Mathew D., Noll, Roger, and Weingast, Barry. 1989. Structure and Process, Politics and Policy: Administrative Arrangements and the Political Control of Agencies. Virginia Law Review 75: 431–482.
McFarlane, John and McLennan, Karen. 1996. Transnational Crime: The New Security Paradigm, Working Paper No. 294, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, Canberra.
Mearsheimer, John J. 1994–1995. The False Promise of Institutions. International Security 19 (3): 5–49.
,MEIB staff. 2004. Hezbollah and the West African Diamond Trade. Middle East Intelligence Bulletin 6 (6–7).
Miller, Gary. 2000a. Above Politics: Credible Commitment and Efficiency in the Design of Public Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10: 289–327.
Miller, Gary. 2000b. Rational Choice and Dysfunctional Institutions. Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration 13 (4): 535–547.
Milner, Helen V. 1997. Interests, Institutions and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Milner, Helen V. 2006. Why Multilateralism? Foreign Aid and Domestic Principal-Agent Problems. In Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, ed. Hawkins, D. G.et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Milner, Helen V., Peter Rosendorff, B. and Mansfield, Edward D.. 2004. International Trade and Domestic Politics: The Domestic Sources of International Trade Agreements and Institutions. In The Impact of International Law on International Cooperation: Theoretical Perspectives, ed. Benvenisti, E. and Hirsch, M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mitchell, Ronald B. 2006. Relative Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements. Global Environmental Politics 6 (3): 72–89.
Mitchell, Ronald B. and Keilbach, Patricia M.. 2001. Situation Structure and Institutional Design: Reciprocity, Coercion, and Exchange. International Organization 55 (4): 891–917.
Mitsilegas, Valsamis. 2003. Countering the Chameleon Threat of Dirty Money: “Hard” and “Soft” Law in the Emergence of a Global Regime against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing. In Transnational Organized Crime: Perspectives on Global Security, ed. Edwards, A. and Gill, P.. London and New York: Routledge.
Moe, Terry M. 1990a. Political Institutions: The Neglected Side of the Story. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 6 (Special issue): 213–254.
Moe, Terry M. 1990b. The Politics of Structural Choice: Toward a Theory of Public Bureaucracy. In Organization Theory, ed. Williamson, O. E.. New York: Oxford University Press.
Moe, Terry M. 1991. Politics and the Theory of Organization. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 7 (Special issue): 106–129.
Moe, Terry M. 2005. Power and Political Institutions. Perspectives on Politics 3 (2): 215–233.
Molander, Roger C., Mussington, David A., and Wilson, Peter A.. 1998. Cybercrime and Money Laundering: Problems and Promise, ed. Institute, C. T.. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Monteverde, Kirk and Teece, David. 1982. Supplier Switching Costs and Vertical Integration in the Automobile Industry. Bell Journal of Economics 13: 206–213.
Moravcsik, Andrew. 1993. Preferences and Power in the European Community: A Liberal Intergovernmentalist Perspective. Journal of Common Market Studies 31 (4): 473–524.
Morgenthau, Hans J. 1953. Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Morrill, Cameron and Morrill, Janet. 2003. Internal Auditors and the External Audit: A Transaction Cost Perspective. Managerial Auditing Journal 18 (6): 490–504.
Morrow, James D. 2000. Alliances: Why Write Them Down? Annual Review of Political Science 3: 63–83.
Munck, Gerardo L. 2004. Tools for Qualitative Research. In Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards, ed. Brady, H. E. and Collier, D.. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Myers, Joseph. 2001. International Standards and Cooperation in the Fight against Money Laundering. In Economic Perspectives, ed. US Department of State. Washington, DC: US Department of State.
Nadelmann, Ethan A. 1990. Global Prohibition Regimes: The Evolution of Norms in International Society. International Organization 44 (4): 503–526.
Nadelmann, Ethan A. 2007. Think Again: Drugs. Foreign Policy (September): 24.
Naím, Moisés. 2005. Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats Are Hijacking the Global Economy. New York: Doubleday.
,National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. The 9/11 Commission Report. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
,National Security Council. 2000. International Crime Threat Assessment. Washington, DC: US Government.
Naylor, R. T. 1995a. From Cold War to Crime War: The Search for a New “National Security” Threat. Transnational Organized Crime 1 (4): 37–56.
Naylor, R. T. 1995b. The Structure and Operation of the Modern Arms Black Market. In Lethal Commerce: The Global Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons, ed. Boutwell, J.et al. Cambridge, MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
New York Times. 1995. Colombian Press Feels Heat for Linking President to Drug Lords. April 5. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE2D91538F936A35757C0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print (accessed March 31, 2008).
Nielson, Daniel L. and Tierney, Michael J.. 2003. Delegation to International Organizations: Agency Theory and World Bank Environmental Reform. International Organization 57 (Spring): 241–276.
North, Douglass C. and Weingast, Barry. 1989. Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England. Journal of Economic History 49 (4): 803–832.
,Office of the President of the Republic. 1989. The Fight against the Drug Traffic in Colombia. Bogotá: Imprenta Nacional De Colombia.
Olson, Mancur. 1971. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Olson, Mancur. 1982. The Rise and Fall of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. New Haven: Yale University Press.
,Office of National Drug Control Policy of the US White House. 2000. Drug-Related Crime. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President. Office of National Drug Control Policy. www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/crime/index.html (accessed March 10, 2008).
Oomes, Nienke and Vocke, Matthias. 2003. Diamond Smuggling and Taxation in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 03/167. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=16812 (accessed March 15, 2008).
Ortner, Alessia and Geiger, Hans. 2006. Comparing Financial Centers by Using Gross Value Added as Main Indicator. Zurich, Switzerland: Universität Zürich/ Institut für schweizerisches Bankwesen, Working Paper No. 4, 44. www.isb.uzh.ch/publikationen/pdf/workingpapernr44.pdf.
,Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. 2000. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons. Vienna: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. www.fas.org/asmp/campaigns/smallarms/osce-sa.pdf (accessed March 27, 2008).
,Oxfam and Amnesty International. 2003. Shattered Lives: The Case for Tough International Arms Control 2003. www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/issues/conflict_disasters/downloads/shattered_eng_full.pdf (accessed October 10, 2005).
Oye, Kenneth. 1986. Explaining Cooperation Under Anarchy: Hypotheses and Strategies. In Cooperation Under Anarchy, ed. Oye, K.. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Palmer, David Scott. 1992. Peru, the Drug Business and Shining Path: Between Scylla and Charybdis? Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 34 (3): 65–88. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-1937%28199223%2934%3A3%3C65%3APTDBAS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P (accessed March 22, 2008).
Passas, Nikos and Jones, Kimberly. 2006. Commodities and Terrorist Financing: Focus on Diamonds. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 12(1): 1–33.
Perl, Raphael Francis. 1992. The United States. In International Handbook on Drug Control, ed. MacDonald, S. B. and Zagaris, B.. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press.
Perl, Raphael Francis 2001. Taliban and the Drug Trade. Order Code RS21041. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Perl, Raphael Francis 2006. Drug Control: International Policy and Approaches. Order Code: IB88093. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
,Permanent Court of International Justice. 1927. S.S. “Lotus” (France v. Turkey). P.C.I.J. Series A, No. 10.
Pessin, Al. 2006. Pentagon Prepares to Help Control US–Mexico Border. Pentagon. May 15.
Pew, . 2001. Interdiction and Incarceration Still Top Remedies: 74% Say Drug War Being Lost. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. http://people-press.org/reports/print.php3?ReportID=16 (accessed April 2, 2008).
Pierson, Paul. 2000. Returns, Path Dependence and the Study of Politics. American Political Science Review 94 (2): 251–267.
Pierson, Paul 2004. Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Pieth, Mark and Aiolfi, Gemma. 2003. The Private Sector Becomes Active: The Wolfsberg Process. Journal of Financial Crime 10 (4): 359–365.
Polling Report. 2002. Illegal Drugs. CNN Time Poll. www.pollingreport.com/drugs.htm.
Porteous, Samuel D. 2000. Targeted Financial Sanctions. In Greed & Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, ed. Berdal, M. R. and Malone, D.. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Pravda, . 2002. Russia's Deletion from Financial Crimes Enforcement Network “Black List” to Raise Its Credibility. June 13. http://english.pravda.ru/economics/2002/06/13/30302.html (accessed January 17, 2005).
,President's Commission on Organized Crime. 2001. The Cash Connection: Organized Crime, Financial Institutions, and Money Laundering. New York: Books for Business.
Price, Richard. 1998. Reversing the Gun Sights: Transnational Civil Society Targets Land Mines. International Organization 52 (3): 613–644.
Price, Tracey Mitchell. 2003. The Kimberley Process: Conflict Diamonds, World Trade Organization Obligations, and the Universality Debate. Minnesota Journal of Global Trade 12 (1): 1–69.
Przeworski, Adam and Teune, Henry. 1970. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing.
Quirk, Peter J. 1996. Macroeconomic Implications of Money Laundering. International Monetary Fund Working Paper. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
Rabasa, A.et al. 2001. Beyond al-Qaeda: The Outer Rings of the Terrorist Universe, Part 2. RAND Corporation. http://rand.org/pubs/monographs/2006/RAND_MG430.pdf.
Ragin, Charles C., Berg-Schlosser, Dirk, and Meur, Gisèle. 1998. Political Methodology: Qualitative Methods. In A New Handbook of Political Science, ed. Goodin, R. E. and Klingemann, H.-D.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Raine, Linnea P. and Cilluffo, Frank J., eds. 1994. Global Organized Crime: The New Evil Empire. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).
Raustiala, Kal. 1999. Law, Liberalization and International Narcotics Trafficking. International Law and Politics 32: 89–145.
Raustiala, Kal 2004. Police Patrols & Fire Alarms in the NAAEC. UCLA School of Law Research Paper No. 05–14. Los Angeles, CA: University of California.
Raustiala, Kal 2005. Form and Substance in International Agreements. American Journal of International Law 99: 581–614.
Raustiala, Kal and Victor, David G.. 2004. The Regime Complex for Plant Genetic Resources. International Organization 58 (Spring): 277–309.
Reed, John. 2005. Real Diamonds May Not Be Forever. Financial Times (May 6): 28.
Reinicke, Wolfgang H. 1997. Global Public Policy. Foreign Affairs 76 (6): 127–138.
Reinicke, Wolfgang H. 1998. Global Public Policy: Governing without Government?Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
Reinicke, Wolfgang H. 1999. The Other World Wide Web: Global Public Policy Networks. Foreign Policy 117 (Winter): 44–57.
Reinicke, Wolfgang H. and Martin Witte, Jan. 2000. Independence, Globalization, and Sovereignty: The Role of Non-Binding International Legal Accords. In Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System, ed. Shelton, D.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reno, William. 1995. Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Leone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reno, William. 2005. The Politics of Violent Opposition in Collapsing States. Government and Opposition 40 (2): 127–151.
Reuter, Peter and Greenfield, Victoria. 2001. Measuring Global Drug Markets: How Good Are the Numbers and Why Should We Care About Them?World Economics 2 (4): 155–173.
Risse-Kappen, Thomas. 1991. Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal Democracies. World Politics 43 (4): 479–512.
Rittberger, Volker and Zangl, Bernhard. 2004. International Organization: Polity, Policy and Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rogowsky, Robert A. 2001. World Trade Organization Disputes: Building International Law on Safeguards. Virginia Lawyer (June/July): 1–7.
Rolley, Robin. 1992. United Nations’ Activities in International Drug Control. In International Handbook on Drug Control, ed. MacDonald, S. B. and Zagaris, B.. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press.
Rombouts, Luc. 2001. Diamond Annual Review – 2000. www.terraconsult.be/overview.htm.
Root, Hilton L. 1994. The Foundation of Privilege: Political Foundations of Markets in Old Regime France and England. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Rosendorff, B. Peter and Milner, Helen V.. 2001. The Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and Escape. International Organization 55 (4): 829–857.
Saavedra, Boris. 2007. Balkan Trafficking in Historical Perspective. In Transnational Threats: Smuggling and Trafficking in Arms, Drugs, and Human Life, ed. Thachuk, Kimberley L.. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.
Sarasohn, Judy. 2001. Fortune: NRA Lobby is No. 1 on Capitol Hill. Washington Post, May 18: A21.
Savona, Ernesto. 1996. Money Laundering, the Developed Countries and Drug Control: The New Agenda. In European Drug Policies and Enforcement, ed. Dorn, N., Jepsen, J., and Savona, E.. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Savona, Ernesto 1999. European Money Trails. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.
Schachter, Oscar. 1977. The Twilight Existence of Nonbinding International Agreements. American Journal of International Law 71 (2): 296–304.
Schattschneider, Elmer E. 1935. Politics, Pressures and the Tariff: A Study of Free Private Enterprise in Pressure Politics, as Shown in the 1929–1930 Revision of the Tariff. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Schelling, Thomas C. 1960. The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schermers, Henry G. and Blokker, Niels M.. 1995. International Institutional Law: Unity within Diversity. 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA: Kluwer Law International.
Schroeder, William R. 2001. Money Laundering. FBI Law Enforcement Journal 70 (5): 1–9.
Severin, Christin. 2004. Doppelmoral Londons in Der Geldwäscherei. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. November 22. www.nzz.ch/2004/11/24/wi/page-articleA0EMM.html (accessed January 2, 2005).
Shannon, Vaughn P. 2000. Norms Are What States Make Them: The Political Psychology of Norm Violation. International Studies Quarterly 44 (2): 293–316.
Shelton, Dinah, ed. 2000. Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Shepsle, Kenneth A. 1991. Discretion, Institutions, and the Problem of Government Commitment. In Social Theory for a Changing Society, ed. Bourdieu, P. and Coleman, J. S.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Sheptycki, James William Edward. 2000a. The “Drug War”: Learning from the Paradigm Example of Transnational Policing. In Issues in Transnational Policing, ed. Sheptycki, J. W. E.. London and New York: Routledge.
Sheptycki, James William Edward 2000b. Policing the Virtual Launderette: Money Laundering and Global Governance. In Issues in Transnational Policing, ed. Sheptycki, J. W. E.. London and New York: Routledge.
Sheptycki, James William Edward 2003. Global Law Enforcement as a Protection Racket: Some Sceptical Notes on Transnational Organised Crime as an Object of Global Governance. In Transnational Organised Crime: Perspectives on Global Security, ed. Edwards, A. and Gill, P.. London and New York: Routledge.
Simmons, Beth A. 2000. International Efforts against Money Laundering. In Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System, ed. Shelton, D.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Simmons, Beth A. 2002. Capacity, Commitment, and Compliance: International Institutions and Territorial Disputes. Journal of Conflict Resolution 46 (6): 829–856.
Simmons, Beth and Martin, Lisa L.. 2002. International Organizations and Institutions. In Handbook of International Relations, ed. Carlsnaes, W., Risse, T., and Simmons, B. A.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Simmons, P. J. and Oudraat, C. de Jonge. 2001. Managing Global Issues: An Introduction. In Managing Global Issues: Lessons Learned. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for Peace.
Simon, Herbert Alexander. 1957. Models of Man: Social and Rational. New York: John Wiley.
Simon, Herbert Alexander 1976. Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization. 3rd ed. New York: Free Press.
Sislin, John and Pearson, Frederic S.. 2001. Arms and Ethnic Conflict. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2004a. A New World Order. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Slaughter, Anne-Marie 2004b. Power and Legitimacy of Government Networks. In Governance in the 21st Century: The Partnership Principle. Berlin, Germany: Alfred Herrhausen Society. www.princeton.edu/~slaughtr/Articles/GovtNetworks.pdf.
Small Arms Survey. 2001. Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Small Arms Survey 2002. Small Arms Survey 2002: Counting the Human Cost. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Small Arms Survey 2003. Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Small Arms Survey 2004. Small Arms Survey 2004: Rights at Risk. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Small Arms Survey 2006. Small Arms Survey 2004: Unfinished Business. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Smandych, Russell, ed. 1999. Governable Places: Readings on Governmentality and Crime. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Smillie, Ian. 2005. Comparative Case Study 1: The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for Rough Diamonds. VERIFOR Case Study. www.verifor.org/resources/case-studies/kimberley-process.pdf (accessed March 26, 2008).
Smillie, Ian, Gberie, Lansana, and Hazleton, Ralph. 2000. The Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security. Ottawa: Partnership Africa Canada.
Smith, Alastair. 1998. International Crises and Domestic Politics. American Political Science Review 92 (3): 623–638.
Smith, Chris. 1999. Areas of Major Concentration in the Use and Traffic of Small Arms. In Small Arms Control: Old Weapons, New Issues, ed. Dhanapala, J.. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Smith, Peter H., ed. 1992. Drug Policy in the Americas. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Snidal, Duncan. 1985. Coordination Versus Prisoners’ Dilemma: Implications for International Cooperation and Regimes. American Political Science Review 79: 923–942.
Snyder, R. and Bhavnani, R.. 2005. Diamonds, Blood and Taxes: A Revenue-Centered Framework for Explaining Social Order. Journal of Conflict Resolution 49: 563–597.
,State Failure Task Force. 2000. State Failure Task Force Report: Phase III Findings. http://globalpolicy.gmu.edu/pitf/SFTF%20Phase%20III%20Report%20Final.pdf.
Stein, Arthur A. 1983. Coordination and Collaboration: Regimes in an Anarchic World. In International Regimes, ed. Krasner, S. D.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Steinbruner, John. 1974. The Cybernetic Theory of Decision: New Dimensions of Political Analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Stessens, Guy. 2000. Money Laundering: A New International Law Enforcement Model. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stohl, Rachel. 2005. Fighting the Illicit Trafficking of Small Arms. SAIS Review 25 (1): 59–68.
Stone, Randall. 2002. Lending Credibility: The International Monetary Fund and the Post-Communist Transition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Strange, Susan. 1983. Cave! Hic Dragones: A Critique of Regime Analysis. In International Regimes, ed. Krasner, S. D.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Swart, Lucia. 2005. Illegal Gun Pool Growing, News24, October 26. www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2–7–1442_1823434,00.html (accessed October 30, 2005).
Rebecca, Tailby. 2002. The Illicit Market in Diamonds. Australian Institute of Criminology, 218 (January). www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/ti218.pdf (accessed March 26, 2008).
Teret, Stephen P.et al. 1998. Support for New Policies to Regulate Firearms: Results of Two National Surveys. New England Journal of Medicine 339(12): 813–818. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/339/12/813.
Thatcher, Mark. 2002. Delegation to Independent Regulatory Agencies: Pressures, Functions and Contextual Mediation. West European Politics 25 (1): 125–147.
The Economist. 2004a. The Cartel Isn't for Ever. The Economist, July 17: 67–69.
The Economist 2004b. Coming Clean: Money-Laundering. The Economist 373 (8397): 95.
The Economist 2005. Drugs in Latin America: Battles Won, a War Still Lost. The Economist, February 12: 49–50.
The Economist 2008. Rumours of War: Ecuador, Venezuela Confront Colombia. The Economist, March 4. www.economist.com/daily/news/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10794694&top_story=1 (accessed March 10, 2008).
Thelen, Kathleen. 2004. How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thoumi, Francisco E. 1999. The Impact of the Illegal Drug Industry on Colombia. In Transnational Crime in the Americas: An Inter-American Dialogue Book, ed. Farer, T.. New York and London: Routledge.
Thoumi, Francisco E. 2003. Illegal Drugs, Economy and Society in the Andes. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Thoumi, Francisco E. 2004. A Modest Proposal to Clarify the Status of Coca in the United Nations Conventions. Crime, Law, and Social Change 42: 297–307.
,United Kingdom Parliament. 2003. Conflict Diamonds. House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for May 8 (21). www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030508/text/30508w21.htm (accessed March 28, 2008).
,UN Department of Disarmament Affairs. 2005. Small Arms and Light Weapons. http://disarmament.un.org/cab/salw.html (accessed October 10, 2005).
,United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2004. World Drug Report 2004. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
,United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2006. Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
,United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2007. World Drug Report 2007. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
,UN Panel of Governmental Experts. 1997. Report of the Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms. August 27. A/52/298.
,US Census Bureau. 1999. 1997 Economic Census: Manufacturing--Industry Series: Small Arms Manufacturing. EC97M-3329H. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce.
,US Congress. SenateCommittee on Foreign Relations: Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations. 1988. Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy. 100th Cong., 2nd sess. S. Prt. 100–165 (“Kerry Report”).
,US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration. 1993. Coca Cultivation and Cocaine Processing. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.
,US Department of the Treasury. Hawala and Alternative Remittance Systems. US Treasury Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence. www.ustreas.gov/offices/enforcement/key-issues/hawala (accessed August 17, 2007).
,US General Accounting Office (GAO). 1992. International Environment: International Agreements Are Not Well Monitored. Report to Congressional Requesters GAO/RCED-92–43. http://archive.gao.gov/d31t10/145711.pdf (accessed March 28, 2008).
,US General Accounting Office (GAO) 2002. International Trade: Critical Issues Remain in Deterring Conflict Diamond Trade. Report to Congressional Requesters GAO-02-678. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office.
,US General Accounting Office (GAO) 2003a. Combating Money Laundering: Opportunities Exist to Improve the National Strategy. Report to Congressional Requesters GAO-03-813. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office.
,US General Accounting Office (GAO) 2003b. Terrorist Financing: US Agencies Should Systematically Assess Terrorists’ Use of Alternative Financing Mechanisms. Report to Congressional Requesters GAO-04-163. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office.
,US General Accounting Office (GAO) 2006. Conflict Diamonds: Agency Actions Needed to Enhance Implementation of Clean Diamond Trade Act. Report to Congressional Committees (GAO-06-978). Washington, DC: US Government Accounting Office.
,US Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs. 2003. Cannabis: Report of the Special Committee on Illegal Drugs. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
,US State Department. 1991. International Narcotics Control. US Department of State Dispatch 2(28). http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/briefing/dispatch/1991/html/Dispatchv2no28.html.
,US State Department. 2002. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report of 2001. www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2001/c6085.htm (accessed March 27, 2008).
,US State Department 2004. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. http://state.gov/p/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2003/vol2/html/29918.htm.
,US State Department 2005. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. http://state.gov/documents/organization/42881.pdf.
,US State Department 2007. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. www.state.gov/documents/organization/81446.pdf (accessed March 25, 2008).
Vertzberger, Yaacov. 1990. The World in Their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition, and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Victor, David G., Raustiala, Kal, and Skolnikoff, Eugene, eds. 1998. The Implementation and Effectiveness of International Environmental Commitments: Theory and Practice. Boston: MIT Press.
Vines, Alex. 2005. Combating Light Weapons Proliferation in West Africa. International Affairs 81 (2): 341–360.
Clausewitz, Carl. 1992. Vom Kriege. Hamburg: Rowohlt.
Walker, Gordon and Weber, David. 1984. A Transaction Cost Approach to Make-or-Buy Decisions. Administrative Science Quarterly 29: 373–391.
Walker, John. 1999. Measuring the Extent of International Crime and Money Laundering. Paper prepared for the Kriminal Expo, a conference held in Budapest, Hungary on June 9. www.ozemail.com.au/~born1820/Budapest.html (accessed June 16, 2005).
Walker, William O.. 1992. International Collaboration in Historical Perspective. In Drug Policy in the Americas, ed. Smith, P. H.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Wallensteen, Peter and Sollenberg, Margareta. 1995. After the Cold War: Emerging Patterns of Armed Conflict. Journal of Peace Research 32 (3): 345–360.
Wallensteen, Peter and Sollenberg, Margareta 2000. Armed Conflict, 1989–99. Journal of Peace Research 37 (5): 635–649.
Wassenaar Arrangement. 1995. The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies (successor to COCOM). Vienna, Austria. www.wassenaar.org/.
Weber, Katja. 1997. Hierarchy Amidst Anarchy: A Transaction Costs Approach to International Security Cooperation. International Studies Quarterly 41 (2): 321–340.
Weber, Katja 2000. Hierarchy Amidst Anarchy: Transaction Costs and Institutional Choice. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Wechsler, William F. 2001. Follow the Money. Foreign Affairs 80 (4): 40–57.
Weil, Prosper. 1983. Towards Relative Normativity in International Law? American Journal of International Law 77 (3): 413–442.
Weinstein, Jeremy M. 2007. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Westermeyer, Joseph. 2004. Opium and the People of Laos. In Dangerous Harvest: Drug Plants and the Transformation of Indigenous Landscapes, ed. Steinberg, Michael K., Hobbs, Joseph J., and Mathewson, Kent. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wezeman, Pieter D. 2003. Conflicts and Transfers of Small Arms. Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
White, David. 2005. A Test Case for the Recovery of Failed States. Financial Times, February 14: 1–2.
,White House. 1997. International Organized Crime. Presidential Decision Directive No. 42. www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd42.htm (accessed March 31, 2008).
,White House. 2006. Memorandum for the Secretary of State: Presidential Determination on Major Drug Transit or Major Drug Producing Countries for Fiscal Year 2007. Washington, DC: White House Press Release. www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/prsrl/ps/72379.htm (accessed April 1, 2008).
Widener, S. K. and Selto, F. H.. 1999. Managment Control Systsems and Boundaries of the Firm: Why Do Firms Outsource Internal Auditing Activities? Journal of Management Accounting Research 11: 45–73.
Williams, Phil. 2001. Crime, Illicit Markets, and Money Laundering. In Managing Global Issues: Lessons Learned, ed. Simmons, P. J. and Jonge Oudraat, C.. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Williamson, Oliver Eaton. 1975. Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York: Free Press.
Williamson, Oliver Eaton. 1985. Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York: Free Press.
Williamson, Oliver Eaton. 1996. The Mechanisms of Governance. New York: Oxford University Press.
,Wolfsberg Group. 2007a. Wolfsberg FAQ's on Politically Exposed Persons. www.wolfsberg-principles.com/faq.html (accessed March 3, 2008).
,Wolfsberg Group 2007b. Wolfsberg FAQ's on Beneficial Ownership. www.wolfsberg-principles.com/faq.html (accessed March 3, 2008).
,World Bank. 2006. Global Economic Prospects: Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration. Washington, DC: World Bank.
,World Bank 2007. Governance Matters VI: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators 1996–2006. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4280. www.govindicators.org (accessed March 25, 2008).
,World Bank 2008. World Development Indicators database. http://go.worldbank.org/SI5SSGAVZ0 (accessed June 28, 2007).
,World Diamond Council. 2003. The Essential Guide to Implementing the Kimberley Process. New York: World Diamond Council.
Wray, Henry R. 1994. Money Laundering: The Volume of Currency Transaction Reports Filed Can and Should be Reduced. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office.
,World Trade Organization. 2003. Agreement Reached on World Trade Organization Waiver for “Conflict Diamonds.” February 26. www.wto.org/english/news_e/news03_e/goods_council_26fev03_e.htm (accessed March 26, 2008).
,World Wildlife Fund. 2006. Mahogany Position Paper, March 31. www.worldwildlife.org/trade/pubs/wwfmahoganyposition.pdf (accessed March 29, 2008).
Yarbrough, Beth V. and Yarbrough, Robert M.. 1990. International Institutions and the New Economics of Organization. International Organization 44 (2): 235–259.
Yarbrough, Beth V., and Yarbrough, Robert M.. 1992. Cooperation and Governance in International Trade: The Strategic Organizational Approach. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Yin, Robert K. 1994. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Young, Oran R. 1983. Regime Dynamics: The Rise and Fall of International Regime. In International Regimes, ed. Krasner, S. D.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Zagaris, Bruce. 1992. Money Laundering: An International Control Problem. In International Handbook on Drug Control, ed. MacDonald, S. B. and Zagaris, B.. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.