Chapter IX discusses criminal copyright in the broader context of the law and technology paradigm. It revisits the main challenges to law enforcement caused by digital technology and distributed networks. It evaluates the future of copyright protection under a rapidly changing technological era that enables faster, cheaper, and wider dissemination of protected works, along with new emerging technologies and social networks that make enforcement and detectability nearly impossible and implausible. This chapter evaluates the potential benefits of public enforcement; it asks whether administrative law should be deployed to challenge infringements, and if so, when. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges to the protection of copyright in a rapidly changing digital era, and to take a brief look at the future of criminal copyright in this era. While it will caution against the use of criminal copyright as ineffective and unjust in dealing with the many types of infringements online, it will offer optimistic suggestions on how to better protect works in the future.