Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 264
    • Show more authors
    • You may already have access via personal or institutional login
    • Select format
    • Publisher:
      Cambridge University Press
      Publication date:
      05 June 2012
      28 October 2010
      ISBN:
      9780511762727
      9780521199063
      9780521139687
      Dimensions:
      (228 x 152 mm)
      Weight & Pages:
      0.48kg, 220 Pages
      Dimensions:
      (228 x 152 mm)
      Weight & Pages:
      0.32kg, 222 Pages
    You may already have access via personal or institutional login
  • Selected: Digital
    Add to cart View cart Buy from Cambridge.org

    Book description

    What are the determinants of democratization? Do the factors that move countries toward democracy also help them refrain from backsliding toward autocracy? This book attempts to answer these questions through a combination of a statistical analysis of social, economic, and international determinants of regime change in 165 countries around the world in 1972–2006, and case study work on nine episodes of democratization occurring in Argentina, Bolivia, Hungary, Nepal, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, Turkey, and Uruguay. The findings suggest that democracy is promoted by long-term structural forces such as economic prosperity, but also by peaceful popular uprisings and the institutional setup of authoritarian regimes. In the short-run, however, elite actors may play a key role, particularly through the importance of intra-regime splits. Jan Teorell argues that these results have important repercussions both for current theories of democratization and for the international community's effort in developing policies for democracy promotion.

    Reviews

    ‘The most systematic and comprehensive analysis of democracy's Third Wave, integrating case studies and large-N cross-national comparisons. A major contribution to the field of democratization.'

    John Gerring - Boston University

    ‘Determinants of Democratization is one of the most empirically ambitious, sweeping, and important books that has been written on democratization. It is a must read for all scholars who work on democratic and authoritarian regimes.'

    Scott Mainwaring - University of Notre Dame

    '… there is no doubt that Teorell's book makes a major contribution to the already crowded field of democratization studies. The theoretical and empirical ground covered is breath-taking and in their combination with high methodological sophistication and various conceptual innovations, such as the intriguing operationalization of pathway cases and the distinction between upturns and downturn, are outstanding. His book should be considered a must-read for democratization and multi-method scholars alike.'

    Source: Acta Politica

    Refine List

    Actions for selected content:

    Select all | Deselect all
    • View selected items
    • Export citations
    • Download PDF (zip)
    • Save to Kindle
    • Save to Dropbox
    • Save to Google Drive

    Save Search

    You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

    Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
    ×

    Contents

    References
    Acemoglu, DaronJohnson, SimonRobinson, James A. 2001 The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical InvestigationThe American Economic Review 91 1,369
    Acemoglu, DaronJohnson, SimonRobinson, James A. 2002 Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern Income DistributionThe Quarterly Journal of Econometrics 118 1,231
    Acemoglu, DaronJohnson, SimonRobinson, James A.Yared, Pierre 2005 From Education to DemocracyAmerican Economic Review 95 44
    Acemoglu, DaronJohnson, SimonRobinson, James A.Yared, Pierre 2007
    Acemoglu, DaronJohnson, SimonRobinson, James A.Yared, Pierre 2008 Income and DemocracyAmerican Economic Review 98 808
    Acemoglu, DaronRobinson, James 2006 Economic Origins of Dictatorship and DemocracyCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Alesina, AlbertoDevleeschauwer, ArnaudEasterly, WilliamKurlat, SergioWacziarg, Romain 2003 FractionalizationJournal of Economic Growth 8 155
    Alesina, AlbertoSpolaore, Enrico 1997 On the Number and Size of NationsThe Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 1,027
    Alexander, Gerard. 2002 The Sources of Democratic ConsolidationIthaca and LondonCornell University Press
    Anckar, Dag. 2002 Why Are Small Island States Democracies?The Round Table 365 375
    Anckar, DagAnckar, Carsten 1995 Size, Insularity and DemocracyScandinavian Political Studies 18 211
    Armony, Ariel. 2004 The Dubious Link: Civic Engagement and DemocratizationStanfordStanford University Press
    Ash, Timothy Garton 1990 We the People: The Revolution of ’89LondonGranta Books
    Banks, Arthur 2009 Cross-National Time-Series Data ArchiveJerusalemDatabanks International
    Bårdsen, Gunnar 1989 Estimation of Long Run Coefficients in Error Correction ModelsOxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 51 345
    Barrett, David BKurian, George ThomasJohnson, Todd M. 2001 World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern WorldOxfordOxford University Press
    Barro, Robert 1997 Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical StudyCambridgeThe MIT Press
    Barro, Robert 1999 Determinants of DemocracyJournal of Political Economy 107 S158
    Barro, RobertLee, Jong-Wha 2001 International Data on Educational Attainment: Updates and ImplicationsOxford Economic Papers 53 541
    Beck, NathanielKatz, Jonathan 1995 What To Do (and Not To Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section DataAmerican Political Science Review 89 634
    Beck, NathanielKatz, Jonathan 1996 Nuisance vs. Substance: Specifying and Estimating Time-Series Cross-Section ModelsPolitical Analysis 6 1
    Beissinger, Mark 2007 Structure and Example in Modular Political Phenomena: Bulldozer/Rose/Orange/Tulip RevolutionsPerspectives on Politics 5 259
    Beissinger, Mark 2008 A New Look at Ethnicity and DemocratizationJournal of Democracy 19 85
    Bellin, Eva 2000 Contingent Democrats: Industrialists, Labor, and Democratization in Late-Developing CountriesWorld Politics 52 175
    Benhabib, JessPrzeworski, Adam 2005 The Political Economy of Redistribution under DemocracyEconomic Theory 29 271
    Bermeo, Nancy 1997 Myths of Moderation: Confrontation and Conflict during Democratic TransitionsComparative Politics 29 305
    Bermeo, Nancy 2003 Ordinary Citizens in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of DemocracyPrinceton and OxfordPrinceton University Press
    Bermeo, Nancy 2003 What the Democratization Literature Says – or Doesn’t Say – About Postwar DemocratizationGlobal Governance 9 159
    Bernard, MichaelReenock, ChristopherNordstrom, Timothy 2001 Economic Performance, Institutional Intermediation, and Democratic SurvivalJournal of Politics 63 775
    Bernard, MichaelReenock, ChristopherNordstrom, Timothy 2003 Economic Performance and Survival in New Democracies: Is There a Honeymoon Effect?Comparative Political Studies 36 404
    Bernard, MichaelReenock, ChristopherNordstrom, Timothy 2004 The Legacy of Western Overseas Colonialism on Democratic SurvivalInternational Studies Quarterly 48 225
    Boix, Carles 2003 Democracy and RedistributionCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Boix, CarlesStokes, Susan 2003 Endogenous DemocratizationWorld Politics 55 815
    Bollen, Kenneth 1983 World System Position, Dependency, and Democracy: The Cross-National EvidenceAmerican Sociological Review 48 468
    Bollen, KennethJackman, Robert 1985 Political Democracy and the Size Distribution of IncomeAmerican Sociological Review 60 983
    Bollen, KennethJackman, Robert 1995 Income Inequality and Democratization Revisited: Comment on MullerAmerican Sociological Review 50 438
    Boniface, Dexter 2007 The OAS’s Mixed RecordLegler, T.Lean, S.Boniface, D.Promoting Democracy in the AmericasBaltimoreThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    Brady, HenryCollier, David 2004 Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared StandardsLanhamRowman & Littlefield
    Bratton, Michaelvan de Walle, Nicholas 1997 Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative PerspectiveCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Brinks, DanielCoppedge, Michael 2006 Diffusion Is No Illusion: Neighbor Emulation in the Third Wave of DemocracyComparative Political Studies 39 463
    Brooker, Paul 2000 Non-Democratic Regimes: Theory, Government and PoliticsNew YorkSt. Martin’s Press
    Brownlee, Jason 2002 . . . And Yet They Persist: Explaining Survival and Transition in Neopatrimonial RegimesStudies in Comparative International Development 37 35
    Brownlee, Jason 2007 Authoritarianism in the Age of DemocratizationCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Brownlee, Jason 2009 Portents of Pluralism: How Hybrid Regimes Affect Democratic TransitionsAmerican Journal of Political Science 53 515
    Brunk, GregoryCaldeira, GregoryLewis-Beck, Michael 1987 Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy: An Empirical InquiryEuropean Journal of Political Research 15 459
    Bueno de Mesquita, BruceDowns, George 2006 Intervention and DemocracyInternational Organization 60 627
    Bueno de Mesquita, BruceSmith, AlastairSiverson, RandolphMorrow, James 2003 The Logic of Political SurvivalCambridgeThe MIT Press
    Bunce, Valery 2000 Comparative Democratization: Big and Bounded GeneralizationsComparative Political Studies 33 703
    Bunce, Valery 2003 Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist ExperienceWorld Politics 55 167
    Burkhart, Ross 1997 Comparative Democracy and Income Distribution: Shape and Direction of Causal ArrowJournal of Politics 59 148
    Burkhart, Ross 2000 Economic Freedom and Democracy: Post–cold war testsEuropean Journal of Political Research 37 237
    Burkhart, RossLewis-Beck, Michael 1994 Comparative Democracy: The Economic Development ThesisAmerican Political Science Review 88 903
    Cameron, Maxwell 1998 Latin American : Dangerous Undertows in the Third Wave of DemocratisationThe Third World Quarterly 19 219
    Carothers, Thomas 2002 The End of the Transition ParadigmJournal of Democracy 13 5
    Carothers, Thomas 2007 How Democracies Emerge: The Sequencing FallacyJournal of Democracy 18 12
    Casper, GretchenTaylor, Michelle 1996 Negotiating Democracy: Transitions from Authoritarian RulePittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Press
    Chatterjee, SampritHadi, Ali 1988 Sensitivity Analysis in Linear RegressionNew YorkJohn Wiley
    Cheibub, José Antonio 2007 Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and DemocracyCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Chen, BaizhuFeng, Yi 1999 Economic Development and the Transition to Democracy: A Formal ModelSocial Choice and Welfare 16 1
    Clague, ChristopherGleason, SuzanneKnack, Stephen 2001 Determinants of Lasting Democracy in Poor Countries: Culture, Development, and InstitutionsAnnals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 573 16
    Cohen, Youssef 1994 Radicals, Reformers, and Reactionaries: The Prisoner’s Dilemma and the Collapse of Democracy in Latin AmericaChicago and LondonThe University of Chicago Press
    Collier, DavidAdcock, Robert 1999 Democracy and Dichotomies: A Pragmatic Approach to Choices about ConceptsAnnual Review of Political Science 2 537
    Collier, Ruth Berins 1999 Paths Toward Democracy: The Working Class and Elites in Western Europe and South AmericaCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Colomer, Josep 2000 Strategic Transitions: Game Theory and DemocratizationBaltimore and LondonThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    Cooper, AndrewLegler, Thomas 2001 The OAS in Peru: A Model for the Future?Journal of Democracy 12 123
    Coppedge, Michael 2003 Book Review: Przeworski ., Studies in Comparative International Development 38 123
    Coppedge, Michael 2005 Explaining Democratic Deterioration in Venezuela Through Nested InductionHagopian, F.Mainwaring, S.The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America289CambridgeCambridge University Press
    Coppedge, MichaelApproaching Democracy: Research Methods in Comparative PoliticsCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Coppedge, MichaelReinicke, Wolfgang 1990 Measuring PolyarchyStudies in Comparative International Development 25 51
    Cox, DanDrury, Cooper 2006 Democratic Sanctions: Connecting the Democratic Peace to Economic SanctionsJournal of Peace Research 43 709
    Crescenzi, Mark 1999 Violence and Uncertainty in TransitionsJournal of Conflict Resolution 43 192
    Cutright, Phillips 1963 National Political Development: Measurement and AnalysisAmerican Sociological Review 28 253
    Dagi, Ishan 1996 Democratic Transition in Turkey, 1980–83: The Impact of European DiplomacyMiddle Eastern Studies 32 124
    Dahl, Robert 1971 PolyarchyNew HavenYale University Press
    Dahl, RobertTufte, Edward 1973 Size and DemocracyStanfordStanford University Press
    Deininger, KlausSquire, Lyn 1996 A New Data Set Measuring Income InequalityThe World Bank Economic Review 10 565
    Deutsch, Karl 1961 Social Mobilization and Political DevelopmentAmerican Political Science Review 55 493
    Diamond, Larry 1992 Economic Development and Democracy ReconsideredMarks, GaryDiamond, LarryReexamining Democracy: Essays in Honor of Seymour Martin Lipset93Newbury ParkSage Publications
    Diamond, Larry 2002 Thinking About Hybrid RegimesJournal of Democracy 13 21
    Diamond, Larry 1999 Developing Democracy Towards ConsolidationBaltimoreThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    Diaz-Cayeros, AlbertoMagaloni, Beatriz 2001 Party Dominance and the Logic of Electoral Design in Mexico’s Transition to DemocracyJournal of Theoretical Politics 13 271
    Donno, DanielaRussett, Bruce 2004 Islam, Authoritarianism, and Female Empowerment: What Are the Linkages?World Politics 56 582
    Doorenspleet, Renske 2005 Democratic Transitions: Exploring the Structural Sources of the Fourth WaveBoulder and LondonLynne Rienner
    Doorenspleet, RenskeKopecký, Petr 2008 Against the Odds: Deviant Cases of DemocratizationDemocratization 15 697
    Doorenspleet, RenskeMudde, Cas 2008 Upping the Odds: Deviant Democracies and Theories of DemocratizationDemocratization 15 815
    Downing, Brian 1992 The Military Revolution and Political Change: Origins of Democracy and Autocracy in Early Modern EuropePrincetonPrinceton University Press
    Drake, Paul 1998 The International Causes of Democratization, 1974–1990Drake, P.McCubbins, M.The Origins of Liberty: Political and Economic Liberalization in the Modern World70PrincetonPrinceton University Press
    Drazen, Allan 2000 Political Economy in MacroeconomicsPrincetonPrinceton University Press
    Dunning, Thad 2006 Conditioning the Effects of Aid: Cold War Politics, Donor Credibility, and Democracy in AfricaInternational Organization 58 409
    Dunning, Thad 2008 Crude Democracy: Natural Resource Wealth and Political RegimesCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Eisenstadt, Todd 2004 Courting Democracy in Mexico: Party Strategies and Electoral InstitutionsCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Elster, Jon 1983 Explaining Technical Change: A Case Study in the Philosophy of ScienceCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Epstein, DavidBates, RobertGoldstone, JackKristensen, IdaO’Halloran, Sharyn 2006 Democratic TransitionsAmerican Journal of Political Science 50 551
    Evin, Ahmet 1994 Demilitarization and Civilianization of the RegimeHeper, M.Evin, A.Politics in the Third Turkish Republic23BoulderWestview Press
    Feng, YiZak, Paul 1999 The Determinants of Democratic TransitionsJournal of Conflict Resolution 43 162
    Finkel, Steven 1995 Causal Analysis with Panel DataThousand OaksSage Publications
    Finkel, StevenPérez-Liñán, AníbalSeligson, Mitchell 2007 The Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building, 1990–2003World Politics 59 404
    Fish, Steven 1998 Democratization’s Requisites: The Postcommunist ExperiencePost-Soviet Affairs 14 212
    Fish, Steven 2002 Islam and AuthoritarianismWorld Politics 55 4
    Fish, StevenBrooks, Robin 2004 Does Diversity Hurt Democracy?Journal of Democracy 15 154
    Fish, StevenChoudhry, Omar 2007 Democratization and Economic Liberalization in the Postcommunist WorldComparative Political Studies 40 254
    Foweraker, JoeLandman, Todd 1997 Citizenship Rights and Social Movements: A Comparative and Statistical AnalysisOxfordOxford University Press
    Fox, John 1991 Regression DiagnosticsNewbury ParkSage Publications
    House, Freedom 2009 Freedom of the WorldWashingtonFreedom Househttp://www.freedomhouse.org
    Galbraith, JamesKum, Hyunsub 2003 Inequality and Economic Growth: A Global View Based on Measures of PayCESifo Economic Studies 49 527
    Gandhi, Jennifer 2008 Political Institutions under DictatorshipCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Gandhi, JenniferLust-Okar, Ellen 2009 Elections under AuthoritarianismAnnual Review of Political Science 12 403
    Gandhi, JenniferPrzeworski, Adam 2006 Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion under DictatorshipEconomics & Politics 18 1
    Gandhi, JenniferPrzeworski, Adam 2007 Authoritarian Institutions and the Survival of AutocratsComparative Political Studies 40 279
    Gasiorowski, Mark 1988 Economic Dependence and Political Democracy: A Cross-National StudyComparative Political Studies 20 489
    Gasiorowski, Mark 1995 Economic Crisis and Political Regime Change: An Event History AnalysisAmerican Political Science Review 89 882
    Gasiorowski, Mark 1996 An Overview of the Political Regime DatasetComparative Political Studies 29 469
    Gasiorowski, MarkPower, Timothy 1998 The Structural Determinants of Democratic Consolidation: Evidence from the Third WorldComparative Political Studies 31 740
    Gates, ScottHumes, Brian 1997 Games, Information, and Politics: Applying Game Theoretic Models to Political ScienceAnn ArborThe University of Michigan Press
    Geddes, Barbara 1999 What Do We Know about Democratization after Twenty Years?Annual Review of Political Science 2 115
    Geddes, Barbara 2002
    Geddes, Barbara 2003 Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building and Research Design in Comparative PoliticsAnn ArborMichigan University Press
    George, AlexanderBennet, Andrew 2005 Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social SciencesCambridgeThe MIT Press
    George, AlexanderMcKeown, Timothy 1985 Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision MakingRobert, CoulamSmith, RichardAdvances in Information Processing in Organizations 2 21Santa BarbaraJAI Press
    Gerring, John 2001 Social Science Methodology: A Criterial FrameworkCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Gerring, JohnSeawright, Jason 2007 Techniques for Choosing CasesGerring, JohnCase Study Research: Principles and PracticesCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Giavazzi, FrancescoTabellini, Guido 2005 Economic and Political LiberalizationsJournal of Monetary Economics 52 297
    Gill, Graham 2000 The Dynamics of Democratization: Elites, Civil Society and the Transition ProcessHoundmills and LondonMacMillan
    Glaeser, EdwardPonzetto, GiacomoShleifer, Andrei 2007 Why Does Democracy Need Education?Journal of Economic Growth 12 77
    Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede 2002 Expanded Trade and GDP DataJournal of Conflict Resolution 46 712
    Gleditsch, Kristian SkredeWard, Michael 2006 Diffusion and the International Context of DemocratizationInternational Organization 60 911
    Gleditsch, Nils PetterWallensteen, PeterEriksson, MikaelSollenberg, MargarethaStrand, Håvard 2002 Armed Conflict 1946–2001: A New DatasetJournal of Peace Research 39 615
    Goldsmith, Arthur 2001 Donors, Dictators and Democrats in AfricaJournal of Modern African Studies 39 411
    Gonick, LevRosh, Robert 1988 The Structural Constraints of the World Economy on National Political DevelopmentComparative Political Studies 21 171
    Gourevitch, Peter 1978 The Second Image Reversed: the International Sources of Domestic PoliticsInternational Organization 32 881
    Gourevitch, Peter 2002 Domestic Politics and International RelationsCarlsnaes, WRisse, TSimmons, BHandbook of International Relations309LondonSage
    Gradstein, MarkMilanovic, Branko 2004 Does Liberté=Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links Between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition EconomiesJournal of Economic Surveys 18 515
    Green, AndrewKohl, Richard 2007 Challenges of Evaluating Democracy Assistance: Perspectives from the Donor SideDemocratization 14 151
    Green, Kenneth 2007 Why Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico’s Democratization in Comparative PerspectiveCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Green, William 1997 Econometric AnalysisUpper Saddle RiverPrentice-Hall
    Grimm, Sonja 2008 External Democratization after War: Success and FailureDemocratization 15 525
    Gwartney, JamesLawson, Robert 2006 Economic Freedom of the World: 2006 Annual ReportVancouverThe Fraser Institute
    Hadenius, Axel 1992 Democracy and DevelopmentCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Hadenius, AxelTeorell, Jan 2005 Cultural and Economic Prerequisites of Democracy: Reassessing Recent EvidenceStudies in Comparative International Development 39 87
    Hadenius, AxelTeorell, Jan 2005 www.concepts-methods.org/papers.php
    Hadenius, AxelTeorell, Jan 2007 Pathways from AuthoritarianismJournal of Democracy 18 143
    Haggard, StephanKaufman, Robert 1995 The Political Economy of Democratic TransitionsPrincetonPrinceton University Press
    Haggard, StephanKaufman, Robert 1997 The Political Economy of Democratic TransitionsComparative Politics 29 263
    Helliwell, John 1994 Empirical Linkages between Democracy and Economic GrowthBritish Journal of Political Science 24 225
    Herb, Michael 1999 All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in the Middle Eastern MonarchiesAlbanyState University of New York Press
    Herbst, Jeffrey 2004 States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and ControlPrincetonPrinceton University Press
    Hiscox, MichaelLake, David 2001
    Hofmann, Steven Ryan 2004 Islam and Democracy: Micro-Level Indications of CompatibilityComparative Political Studies 37 652
    Horowitz, Donald 1985 Ethnic Groups in ConflictBerkeleyUniversity of California Press
    Howard, Marc MorjéRoessler, Philip 2006 Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian RegimesAmerican Journal of Political Science 50 365
    Hufbauer, Gary ClydeSchott, JeffreyAnn Elliott, KimberlyOegg, Barbara 2009 Economic Sanctions ReconsideredWashingtonPeterson Institute for International Economics
    Huntington, Samuel 1991 The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth CenturyNorman and LondonUniversity of Oklahoma Press
    Hyde-Price, Adrian 1994 Democratization in Eastern Europe: The External DimensionPridham, GVanhanen, TDemocratization in Eastern Europe: Domestic and International Perspectives220London and New YorkRoutledge
    Inglehart, Ronald 1997 Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 SocietiesPrincetonPrinceton University Press
    Inglehart, RonaldWelzel, Christian 2005 Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development SequenceCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Karl, Terry Lynn 1990 Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin AmericaRustow, DErickson, KComparative Political Dynamics: Global Research Perspectives163New YorkHarper Collins
    Karl, Terry LynnSchmitter, Philippe 1991 Modes of Transition in Latin America, Southern and Eastern EuropeInternational Social Science Journal 128 269
    King, GaryHonaker, JamesJoseph, AnneScheve, Kenneth 2001 Analyzing Incomplete Political Science Data: An Alternative Algorithm for Multiple ImputationAmerican Political Science Review 95 49
    King, GaryKeohane, RobertVerba, Sidney 1994 Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative ResearchPrincetonPrinceton University Press
    Kitschelt, Herbert 1992 Political Regime Change: Structure and Process-Driven Explanations?American Political Science Review 86 028
    Knack, Stephen 2004 Does Foreign Aid Promote Democracy?International Studies Quarterly 48 251
    Kopecký, PetrMudde, Cas 2003 Rethinking Civil SocietyDemocratization 10 1
    Kopstein, JeffreyReilly, David 2000 Geographic Diffusion and the Transformation of the Postcommunist WorldWorld Politics 53 1
    Kurzman, Charles 1998 Waves of DemocratizationStudies in Comparative International Development 33 42
    Lacy, DeanNiou, Emerson 2004 A Theory of Economic Sanctions and Issue Linkage: The Roles of Preferences, Information, and ThreatsJournal of Politics 66 25
    Langston, Joy 2006 Elite Ruptures: When Do Ruling Parties Split?Schedler, AElectoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree CompetitionBoulder and LondonLynne Rienner
    Legler, Thomas 2003 Peru Then and Now: The Inter-American Democratic Charter and Peruvian DemocratizationCanadian Foreign Policy 10 61
    Lerner, Daniel 1958 The Passing of Traditional SocietyGlencoeThe Free Press
    Levitsky, StevenWay, Lucan 2002 The Rise of Competitive AuthoritarianismJournal of Democracy 13 51
    Levitt, Barry 2006 A Desultory Defense of Democracy: OAS Resolution 1080 and the Inter-American Democratic CharterLatin American Politics and Society 48 93
    Li, QuanReuveny, Rafael 2003 Economic Globalization and Democracy: An Empirical AnalysisBritish Journal of Political Science 33 29
    Li, QuanReuveny, Rafael 2009 Democracy and Economic Openness in an Interconnected System: Complex TransformationsCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Lieberman, Evan 2005 Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative ResearchAmerican Political Science Review 99 435
    Lijphart, Arendt 1977 Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative ExplorationNew HavenYale University Press
    Lindberg, Staffan 2006 Democracy and Elections in AfricaBaltimoreThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    Linz, Juan 1978 The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Crisis, Breakdown, and ReequilibriumBaltimore and LondonThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    Lipset, Seymour Martin 1959 Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and LegitimacyAmerican Political Science Review 53 69
    Lipset, Seymour Martin 1994 The Social Requisites of Democracy RevisitedAmerican Sociological Review 59 1
    Lipset, Seymour MartinSeong, Kyoung-RyungCharles Torres, John 1993 A Comparative Analysis of the Social Requisites of DemocracyInternational Social Science Journal 45 155
    Londregan, JohnPoole, Keith 1996 Does High Income Promote Democracy?World Politics 49 1
    Luebbert, Gregory 1991 Liberalism, Fascism, or Social Democracy: Social Classes and the Political Origins of Regimes in Interwar EuropeOxfordOxford University Press
    Lust-Okar, Ellen 2006 Elections under Authoritarianism: Preliminary Lessons from JordanDemocratization 13 456
    Lust-Okar, EllenAhmad Jamal, Amaney 2002 Rulers and Rules: Reassessing the Influence of Regime Type on Electoral Law FormationComparative Political Studies 35 337
    MacMillan, JohnZoido, Pablo 2004 How to Subvert Democracy: Montesinos in PeruJournal of Economic Perspectives 18 69
    Magaloni, Beatrice 2006 Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and Its Demise in MexicoCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Magaloni, Beatrice 2008 Credible Power-Sharing and the Longevity of Authoritarian RuleComparative Political Studies 41 715
    Mahoney, James 2003 Knowledge Accumulation in Comparative Historical Research: The Case of Democracy and AuthoritarianismMahoney, J.Rueschemeyer, D.Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences131CambridgeCambridge University Press
    Mainwaring, ScottBrinks, DanielPérez-Liñán, Aníbal 2001 Classifying Political Regimes in Latin America, 1945–1999Studies in Comparative International Development 36 37
    Mainwaring, ScottPérez-Liñán, Aníbal 2003 Level of Development and Democracy: Latin American Exceptionalism, 1945–1996Comparative Political Studies 36 1,031
    Mainwaring, ScottPérez-Liñán, Aníbal 2005 Latin American Democratization since 1978: Democratic Transitions, Breakdowns, and ErosionsHagopian, F.Mainwaring, S.The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin AmericaCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Mainwaring, ScottPérez-Liñán, Aníbal 2005
    Markoff, John 1996 Waves of Democracy: Social Movements and Political ChangeThousand OaksPine Forge Press
    Marshall, MontyJaggers, Keith 2009 www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm
    Mauceri, Philip 1997 Return of the : Autocratic Democracy in PeruThe Third World Quarterly 18 889
    McClintock, Cynthia 2001 The OAS in Peru: Room for ImprovementJournal of Democracy 12 137
    McFaul, Michael 2002 The Fourth Wave of Democracy Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist WorldWorld Politics 54 212
    Melander, Erik 2005 Gender Equality and Intrastate Armed ConflictInternational Studies Quarterly 49 695
    Meltzer, AllanRichard, Scott 1981 A Rational Theory of the Size of GovernmentJournal of Political Economy 89 914
    Moore, Barrington 1966 Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern WorldBostonBeacon Press
    Moore, Mick 2004 Revenues, State Formation, and the Quality of Governance in Developing CountriesInternational Political Science Review 25 297
    Morton, Rebecca. 1999 Methods and Models: A Guide to the Empirical Analysis of Formal Models in Political ScienceCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Mozaffar, ShaheenVengroff, Richard 2002 A ‘Whole Systems’ Approach to the Choice of Electoral Rules in Democratizing Countries: Senegal in Comparative PerspectiveElectoral Studies 21 601
    Muller, Edward. 1988 Democracy, Economic Development, and Income InequalityAmerican Sociological Review 53 50
    Muller, Edward. 1995 Economic Determinants of DemocracyAmerican Sociological Review 60 966
    Muller, Edward. 1995 Income Inequality and DemocratizationAmerican Sociological Review 60 990
    Mulligan, CaseyGil, RicardSala-i-Martin, Xavier 2004 Do Democracies Have Different Public Policies than Nondemocracies?Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 51
    Munck, GerardoSnyder, Richard 2007 Debating the Direction of Comparative PoliticsComparative Political Studies 40 5
    Munck, Gerardo L.Verkuilen, Jay 2002 Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative IndicesComparative Political Studies 35 5
    Neubauer, Deane. 1967 Some Conditions of DemocracyAmerican Political Science Review 61 1,002
    Nordlinger, Eric. 1977 Soldiers in Politics: Military Coups and GovernmentsEnglewood CliffsPrentice-Hall
    Norris, Pippa. 2008 Driving Democracy: Do Power-Sharing Institutions Work?CambridgeCambridge University Press
    Norris, PippaInglehart, Ronald 2004 Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics WorldwideCambridgeCambridge University Press
    O’Donnell, Guillermo. 1979 Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American PoliticsBerkeleyInstitute of International Studies
    O’Donnell, Guillermo. 2001 Democracy, Law, and Comparative PoliticsStudies in Comparative International Development 36 7
    O’Donnell, GuillermoSchmitter, Philippe 1986 Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain DemocraciesBaltimore and LondonThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    O’Donnell, GuillermoSchmitter, PhilippeWhitehead, Laurence 1986 Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for DemocracyBaltimore and LondonThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    O’Loughlin, JohnWard, MichaelLofdahl, CoreyCohen, JordinBrown, DavidReilly, DavidGleditsch, KristianShin, Michael 1998 The Diffusion of Democracy, 1946–1994Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88 545
    Olsen, Marvin. 1968 Multivariate Analysis of National Political DevelopmentAmerican Sociological Review 35 699
    Parajulee, Ramjee. 2000 The Democratic Transition in NepalLanhamRowman & Littlefield
    Paris, Roland. 2004 At War’s End: Building Peace After Civil ConflictCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Paxton, Pamela. 2002 Social Capital and Democracy: An Interdependent RelationshipAmerican Sociological Review 67 254
    Pearl, Judea. 2000 Causality: Models, Reasoning, and InferenceCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Perotti, Roberto. 1996 Growth, Income Distribution, and Democracy: What the Data SayJournal of Economic Growth 1 149
    Persson, TorstenTabellini, Guido 2003 The Economic Effects of ConstitutionsCambridgeThe MIT Press
    Persson, TorstenTabellini, Guido 2009 Democratic Capital: The Nexus of Political and Economic changeAmerican Economic Journal 1 88
    Pevehouse, Jon. 2005 Democracy from Above: Regional Organizations and DemocratizationCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Pevehouse, JonNordstrom, TimothyWarnke, Kevin 2004 The Correlates of War 2. International Governmental Organizations Data Version 2.0Conflict Management and Peace Science 21 101
    Pickering, JeffreyKisangani, Emizet 2006 Political, Economic, and Social Consequences of Foreign Military InterventionPolitical Research Quarterly 59 363
    Pickering, JeffreyPeceny, Mark 2006 Forging Democracy at GunpointInternational Studies Quarterly 50 539
    Plümper, ThomasTroeger, Vera 2007 Efficient Estimation of Time Invariant and Rarely Changing Variables in Panel Data Analysis with Unit EffectsPolitical Analysis 15 124
    Posusney, Marsha Pripstein. 2002 Multi-Party Elections in the Arab World: Institutional Engineering and Oppositional StrategiesStudies in Comparative International Development 36 34
    Price, Robert. 1991 The Apartheid State in Crisis: Political Transformation in South Africa, 1975–1990New York and OxfordOxford University Press
    Przeworski, Adam. 1991 Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin AmericaCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Przeworski, Adam. 2005 Democracy as an EquilibriumPublic Choice 123 253
    Przeworski, AdamAlvarez, MichaelAntonio Cheibub, JoséLimongi, Fernando 2000 Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990CambridgeCambridge University Press
    Rabushka, AlvinShepsle, Kenneth 1972 Politics of Plural Societies: A Theory of Democratic InstabilityOhioMerrill
    Randall, Vicky. 1993 The Media and Democratisation in the Third WorldThird World Quarterly 14 625
    Reich, Gary. 2002 Categorizing Political Regimes: New Data for Old ProblemsDemocratization 9 1
    Remmer, Karen. 1996 The Sustainability of Political Democracy: Lessons From South AmericaComparative Political Studies 29 611
    Rigobon, RobertoRodrik, Dani 2005 Rule of Law, Democracy, Openness, and IncomeEconomics of Transition 13 533
    Robinson, James. 2006 Economic Development and DemocracyAnnual Review of Political Science 9 503
    Rogowski, Ronald. 1998 Democracy, Capital, Skill, and Country Size: Effects of Asset Mobility and Regime Monopoly on the Odds of Democratic RuleDrake, P.McCubbins, M.The Origins of Liberty: Political and Economic Liberalization in the Modern WorldPrincetonPrinceton University Press
    Rose, Richard. 2002 How Muslims View Democracy: Evidence from Central AsiaJournal of Democracy 13 102
    Rosendorff, Peter. 2001 Choosing DemocracyEconomics & Politics 13 1
    Ross, Michael. 2001 Does Oil Hinder Democracy?World Politics 53 325
    Ross, Michael. 2004 Does Taxation Lead to Representation?British Journal of Political Science 34 229
    Ross, Michael. 2006 Is Democracy Good for the Poor?American Journal of Political Science 50 860
    Ross, Michael. 2008 Oil, Islam, and WomenAmerican Political Science Review 102 107
    Rowen, Henry. 2007 When Will the Chinese People Be Free?Journal of Democracy 18 38
    Rudra, Nita. 2005 Globalization and the Strengthening of Democracy in the Developing WorldAmerican Journal of Political Science 49 704
    Rueschemeyer, DietrichHuber Stephens, EvelynStephens, John D. 1992 Capitalist Development and DemocracyChicagoThe University of Chicago Press
    Rustow, Dankwart. 1970 Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic ModelComparative Politics 2 337
    Saxonberg, Steven. 2001 The Fall: A Comparative Study of the End of Communism in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary and PolandAmsterdamHarwood Academic
    Schedler, Andreas. 1998 What is Democratic Consolidation?Journal of Democracy 9 91
    Schedler, Andreas. 2002 The Nested Game of Democratization by ElectionsInternational Political Science Review 23 103
    Schedler, Andreas. 2002 The Menu of ManipulationJournal of Democracy 13 36
    Schedler, Andreas. 2006 The Logic of Electoral AuthoritarianismSchedler, A.Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree CompetitionBoulder and LondonLynne Rienner
    Schmitter, Philippe. 1995 Transitology: The Science or the Art of Democratization?Tulchin, JosephRomero, BerniceThe Consolidation of Democracy in Latin America11Boulder and LondonLynne Rienner
    Schock, Kurt. 2005 Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in NondemocraciesMinneapolis and LondonUniversity of Minnesota Press
    Shin, Doh Chull. 1994 On the Third Wave of Democratization: A Synthesis and Evaluation of Recent Theory and ResearchWorld Politics 47 135
    Slater, Dan 2009 Revolutions, Crackdowns, and Quiescence: Communal Elites and Democratic Mobilization in Southeast AsiaAmerican Journal of Sociology 115 203
    Smithey, LeeKurtz, Lester 1999 ‘We Have Bare Hands’: Nonviolent Social Movements in the Soviet BlocZunes, S.Kurtz, L.Asher, S. B.Nonviolent Social Movements: A Geographical PerspectiveMalden and OxfordBlackwell
    Snyder, Richard. 1998 Paths out of Sultanistic Regimes: Combining Structural and Voluntarist PerspectivesChehabi, H. E.Linz, J.Sultanistic Regimes49Baltimore and LondonThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    Snyder, RichardMahoney, James 1999 The Missing Variable: Institutions and the Study of Regime ChangeComparative Politics 32 103
    Sollenberg, Margareta. 2008 From Bullets to Ballots: Using the People as Arbitrators to Settle Civil WarsÖberg, M.Strøm, K.Resources, Governance, and Civil Conflict178LondonRoutledge
    Starr, Harvey. 1991 Democratic Dominoes: Diffusion Approaches to the Spread of Democracy in the International SystemJournal of Conflict Resolution 35 356
    Starr, HarveyLindborg, Christina 2003 Democratic Dominoes Revisited: The Hazards of Governmental TransitionJournal of Conflict Resolution 47 490
    Stepan, AlfredRobertson, Graeme 2003 An ‘Arab’ More Than A ‘Muslim’ Electoral GapJournal of Democracy 14 30
    Stepan, AlfredRobertson, Graeme 2004 Arab, Not Muslim, ExceptionalismJournal of Democracy 15 140
    Stinnett, DouglasTir, JaroslavDiehl, Paul F.Schafer, PhilipGochman, Charles 2002 The Correlates of War (COW) Project Direct Contiguity Data, Version 3.0Conflict Management and Peace Science 19 59
    Sutter, Daniel. 2000 The Transition from Authoritarian Rule: A Game Theoretic ApproachJournal of Theoretical Politics 12 67
    Swaminathan, Siddharth. 1999 Time, Power, and Democratic TransitionsJournal of Conflict Resolution 43 178
    Teorell, Jan. 2006 Political Participation and Three Theories of Democracy: A Research Inventory and AgendaEuropean Journal of Political Research 45 787
    Teorell, JanCharron, NicholasSamanni, MarcusHolmberg, SörenRothstein, Bo 2009 www.qog.pol.gu.se
    Teorell, JanHadenius, Axel 2006 Democracy without Democratic Values: A Rejoinder to Welzel and InglehartStudies in Comparative International Development 41 95
    Teorell, JanHadenius, Axel 2007 Determinants of Democratization: Taking Stock of the Large-N EvidenceBerg-Schlosser, D.Democratization: The State of the Art69Opladen and Farmington HillsBarbara Budrich Publishers
    Teorell, JanHadenius, Axel 2009 Elections as Levers of Democratization: A Global InquiryLindberg, S.Democratization by Elections: A New Mode of TransitionBaltimoreThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    Tessler, Mark. 2002 Islam and Democracy in the Middle East: The Impact of Religious Orientations on Attitudes towards Democracy in Four Arab CountriesComparative Politics 34 337
    Tessler, Mark. 2002 Do Islamic Orientations Influence Attitudes Toward Democracy in the Arab World? Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and AlgeriaInternational Journal of Comparative Sociology 43 229
    Tessler, MarkGao, Eleanor 2005 Gauging Arab Support for DemocracyJournal of Democracy 16 83
    Therborn, Göran. 1977 The Rule of Capital and the Rise of DemocracyNew Left Review I/103 3
    Thompson, Marc. 1995 The Anti-Marcos Struggle: Personalistic Rule and Democratic Transition in the PhilippinesNew Haven and LondonYale University Press
    Thompson, Marc. 2004 Democratic Revolutions: Asia and Eastern EuropeLondonRoutledge
    Tilly, Charles. 2004 Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000CambridgeCambridge University Press
    Tilly, Charles. 2007 DemocracyCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Tucker, Joshua. 2007 Enough! Electoral Fraud, Collective Action Problems, and Post-Communist Colored RevolutionPerspectives on Politics 5 535
    Ulfelder, Jay. 2005 Contentious Collective Action and the Breakdown of Authoritarian RegimesInternational Political Science Review 26 311
    van de Walle, Nicolas. 2006 Tipping Games: When Do Opposition Parties Coalesce?Schedler, A.Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition77Boulder and LondonLynne Rienner
    Wantchekon, Leonard. 2004 The Paradox of ‘Warlord’ Democracy: A Theoretical InvestigationAmerican Political Science Review 98 17
    Wantchekon, LeonardNeeman, Zvika 2002 A Theory of Post-Civil War DemocratizationJournal of Theoretical Politics 14 439
    Way, Lucan. 2005 Authoritarian State Building and the Sources of Regime Competitiveness in the Fourth Wave: The Cases of Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and UkraineWorld Politics 57 231
    WDI 2009 http://publications.worldbank.org/WDI/
    Weingast, Barry. 1997 The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of LawAmerican Political Science Review 91 245
    Welzel, ChristianInglehart, Ronald 2006 Emancipative Values and Democracy: Response to Hadenius and TeorellStudies in Comparative International Development 41 74
    Whitehead, Lawrence. 1986 Bolivia’s Failed Democratization, 1977–1980O’Donnell, G.Schmitter, P.Whitehead, L.Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin AmericaBaltimoreThe Johns Hopkins University Press
    Whitehead, Lawrence. 1996 Three International Dimensions of DemocratizationWhitehead, L.The International Dimensions of Democratization: Europe and the Americas3OxfordOxford University Press
    Whitehead, Lawrence. 1997 East-Central Europe in Comparative PerspectivePridham, G.Herring, E.Sanford, G.Building Democracy? The International Dimension of Democratization in Eastern Europe30London and WashingtonLeicester University Press
    Winham, Gilbert. 1970 Political Development and Lerner’s Theory: Further Test of a Causal ModelAmerican Political Science Review 64 810
    Wintrobe, Ronald. 1990 The Tinpot and the TotalitarianAmerican Political Science Review 84 850
    Wintrobe, Ronald. 1998 The Political Economy of DictatorshipCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2000 Forging Democracy from Below: Insurgent Transitions in South Africa and El SalvadorCambridgeCambridge University Press
    Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2001 An Insurgent Path to Democracy: Popular Mobilization, Economic Interests, and Regime Transition in South Africa and El SalvadorComparative Political Studies 34 862
    Wright, Joseph. 2009 How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian RegimesAmerican Journal of Political Science 53 552
    Zak, PaulFeng, Yi 2003 A Dynamic Theory of the Transition to DemocracyJournal of Economic Behavior & Organization 52 1
    Zunes, Stephen. 1999 The Role of Non-violent Action in the Downfall of ApartheidJournal of Modern African Studies 37 137

    Metrics

    Altmetric attention score

    Full text views

    Total number of HTML views: 0
    Total number of PDF views: 0 *
    Loading metrics...

    Book summary page views

    Total views: 0 *
    Loading metrics...

    * Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

    Usage data cannot currently be displayed.

    Accessibility standard: Unknown

    Why this information is here

    This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

    Accessibility Information

    Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.