Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T10:39:38.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Typecast socialization

Race, gender, and competing expectations in law school

from 2 - Entering professional careers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2016

Spencer Headworth
Affiliation:
American Bar Foundation
Robert L. Nelson
Affiliation:
American Bar Foundation
Ronit Dinovitzer
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
David B. Wilkins
Affiliation:
Harvard Law School, Massachusetts
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Diversity in Practice
Race, Gender, and Class in Legal and Professional Careers
, pp. 141 - 172
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABA Commission on Women in the Profession. 2012. “Visible Invisibility: Women of Color in Fortune 500 Legal Departments.” American Bar Association.Google Scholar
Abel, Richard. 1989. American Lawyers. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Alba, Richard, and Nee, Victor. 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Bar Association. 2009. Legal Education Statistics. www.abanet.org/legaled/statistics/stats.html. Accessed September 2, 2009.Google Scholar
American Bar Association. 2011. “A Current Glance at Women and the Law (2000–2011). Prepared by the Commission on Women in the Profession. www.americanbar.org/groups/women/resources/statistics.html. Accessed March 2, 2012.Google Scholar
Ancheta, Angelo N. 1998. Race, Rights, and the Asian American Experience. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Karen. 1997. Changing Women: A History of Racial Ethnic Women in Modern America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Banks, Taunya Lovell. 1988. “Gender Bias in the Classroom.” Journal of Legal Education 38: 137146.Google Scholar
Blair-Loy, Mary. 2003. Competing Devotions: Career and Family among Women Executives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Blair-Loy, Mary and DeHart, Gretchen. 2003. “Family and Career Trajectories among African American Female Attorneys.” Journal of Family Issues 24: 908933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolton, Sharon C. and Muzio, Daniel. 2007. “Can’t Live with ‘Em; Can’t Live without ‘Em: Gendered Segmentation in the Legal Profession.” Sociology 41: 4764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo and Dietrich, David R.. 2009. “The Latin Americanization of U.S. Race Relations: A New Pigmentocracy.” In Shades of Difference: Why Skin Color Matters (ed.) Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press: 4060.Google Scholar
Brettell, Caroline B. 2005. “Voluntary Organizations, Social Capital, and the Social Incorporation of Asian Indian Immigrants in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.” Anthropological Quarterly 78: 853883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carbado, Devon W. and Gulati, Mitu. 2004. “Race to the Top of the Corporate Ladder: What Minorities Do When They Get There.” Washington and Lee Law Review 61: 16451693.Google Scholar
Cech, Erin, Rubineau, Brian, Silbey, Susan, and Seron, Carroll. 2011. “Professional Role Confidence and Gendered Persistence in Engineering.” American Sociological Review 76: 641666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clydesdale, Timothy T. 2004. “A Forked River Runs Through Law School: Toward Understanding Race, Gender, Age and Related Gaps in Law School Performance and Bar Passage.” Law and Social Inquiry 29: 711769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costello, Carrie Yang. 2005. Professional Identity Crisis: Race, Class, Gender, and Success at Professional Schools. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.Google Scholar
Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs. 1983. Women in Law. New York: Basic Books, Inc.Google Scholar
Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs. 1992. “Tinkerbells and Pinups: The Construction and Reconstruction of Gender Boundaries at Work.” In Cultivating Differences: Symbolic Boundaries and the Making of Inequality, Lamont, Michèle and Fournier, Marcel (eds). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press: 232256.Google Scholar
Feagin, Joe R. 2013. The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, Judith D. 1996. “Portia Unbound: The Effects of a Supportive Law School Environment on Women and Minority Students.” UCLA Women’s Law Journal 7: 156.Google Scholar
Flores-González, Nilda. 2002. School Kids/Street Kids: Identity Development in Latino Students. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Frank, Reanne, Akresh, Ilana Redstone and Lu, Bo. 2010. “Latino Immigrants and the U.S. Racial Order: How and Where Do They Fit In?American Sociological Review 75: 378401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, Margaret A. 1988. Accommodation without Assimilation: Sikh Immigrants in an American High School. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Giddings, Paula. 1984. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: Bantam Books.Google Scholar
Gilkes, Cheryl Townsend. 1982. “Successful Rebellious Professionals: The Black Women’s Professional Identity and Community Commitment.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 6: 289311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffman, Erving. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Golash-Boza, Tanya. 2006. “Dropping the Hyphen? Becoming Latino(a)-American through Racialized Assimilation.” Social Forces 85: 2755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granfield, Robert. 1992. Making Elite Lawyers: Visions of Law at Harvard and Beyond. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc.Google Scholar
Green Melanie, C. and Brock, Timothy C.. 2005. “Organizational Membership versus Informal Interaction: Contributions to Skills and Perceptions that Build Social Capital.” Political Psychology 26: 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guinier, Lani, Fine, Michelle, and Balin, Jane. 1997. Becoming Gentlemen: Women, Law School, and Institutional Change. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Haney-López, Ian. 1997 (2006). White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books, Inc.Google Scholar
Kay, Fiona M. and Wallace, Jean E.. 2009. “Mentors as Social Capital: Gender, Mentors, and Career Rewards in Law Practice.” Sociological Inquiry 79: 418452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keith, Verna M. 2009. “A Colorstruck World: Skin Tone, Achievement, and Self-Esteem Among African American women.” In Shades of Difference: Why Skin Color Matters (ed.) Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press: 2539.Google Scholar
Lee, Jennifer and Bean, Frank D.. 2004. “America’s Changing Color Lines: Race/Ethnicity, Immigration, and Multiracial Identification.” Annual Review of Sociology 30: 221242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Jennifer and Bean, Frank D.. 2007. “Reinventing the Color Line: Immigration and America’s New Racial/Ethnic Divide.” Social Forces 86: 561586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez, Nancy. 2003. Hopeful Girls, Troubled Boys: Race and Gender Disparity in Urban Education. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Louie, Vivian S. 2004. Compelled to Excel: Immigration, Education, and Opportunity among Chinese Americans. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mertz, Elizabeth. 2007. The Language of Law School: Learning to “Think Like a Lawyer.” New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, Wendy Leo. 2008. Reproducing Racism: White Space, Elite Law Schools, and Racial Inequality. Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Omi, Michael and Winant, Howard. 2015. Racial Formation in the United States from the 1960s to the 1990s (Third Edition). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Payne-Pikus, Monique R., Hagan, John, and Nelson, Robert L.. 2010. “Experiencing Discrimination: Race and Retention in America’s Largest Law Firms.” Law and Society Review 44: 553584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portes, Alejandro and Rumbaut, Rubén G.. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, and Rumbaut, Rubén G.. 2006. Immigrant America: A Portrait. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sander, Richard H. 2004. “A Systematic Analysis of Affirmative Action in American Law Schools.” Stanford Law Review 57: 367483.Google Scholar
Schleef, Debra J. 2006. Managing Elites: Professional Socialization in Law and Business Schools. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Segura, Denise A. 1992. “Chicanas in White-Collar Jobs: You Have to Prove Yourself More.” Sociological Perspectives 35: 163182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shah, Sonia. 1997. Dragon Ladies: Asian American Women Breathe Fire. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Jacquelyn. 2013. “The Happiest and Unhappiest Jobs in America.” Forbes. Retrieved April 2, 2013 (www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2013/03/22/the-happiest-and-unhappiest-jobs-in-america/).Google Scholar
Smith, Ryan A. and Elliott, James R.. 2002. “Does Ethnic Concentration Influence Employee’s Access to Authority? An Examination of Contemporary Urban Labor Markets.” Social Forces 81: 255279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steele, Claude M. 1997. “A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance.” American Psychologist 52: 613629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomlinson, Jennifer, Muzio, Daniel, Sommerlad, Hilary, Webley, Lisa, and Duff, Liz. 2013. “Structure, Agency, and the Career Strategies of White Women and BME Individuals in the Legal Profession.” Human Relations 66: 245269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, Jean E. and Kay, Fiona M.. 2012. “Tokenism, Organizational Segregation, and Coworker Relations in Law Firms.” Social Problems 59: 389410.Google Scholar
Waters, Mary C. 1999. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkins-Hayes, Celeste. 2009. “Race-ing the Bootstrap Climb: Black and Latino Bureaucrats in Post-Reform Welfare Offices.” Social Problems 56: 285310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkins, David B. 1997. “Two Paths to the Mountain Top? The Role of Legal Education in Shaping the Values of Black Corporate Lawyers.” In Lawyers: A Critical Reader. Abel, Richard L. (ed). New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Wilkins, David B. and Gulati, G. Mitu. 1996. “Why Are There so Few Black Lawyers in Corporate Law Firms? An Institutional Analysis.” California Law Review 84: 493625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoder, Janice D. 1994. “Looking Beyond Numbers: The Effects of Gender Status, Job Prestige, and Occupational Gender-Typing on Tokenism Processes.” Social Psychology Quarterly 57: 150159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×