There was a typical interaction of these two creative lines in the period from the end of 1868 to December 1870. On the surface, Dostoyevsky was finishing The Idiot, of which the last five chapters appeared, late, in the February 1869 issue of The Russian Messenger; from September to December 1869 he was writing ‘The Eternal Husband’, a novella promised to Aurora where it was published in January and February 1870; he was then beginning The Devils, whose first chapters he sent to The Russian Messenger in October 1870. On the underground line, which is clearer in his correspondence than his notes, he seemed to be mainly occupied with two successive plans, thematically linked but profoundly different, ‘Atheism’ and ‘The Life of a Great Sinner’ which formed the great project of his entire life.

The reality is much more complex. The working notebooks of Dostoyevsky for this period, and even as early as 1867, contain, besides notes directly relating to The Idiot, ‘The Eternal Husband’ and The Devils, numerous other minor plans. They show that Dostoyevsky, even while he was composing, writing and dictating, was constantly tempted by different developments of themes and characters. This is not because he was incapable of maintaining the logic and unity of the narrative, or because he was distracted by the subjects which sprung up like weeds as he wrote, it was rather a matter of the creative dialectic between the novel which had to be finished and the same novel which remained essentially unfinished in its polyphonic mode.