Rome’s Jewish catacombs play a major role in reconstructing the nature and identity of the late antique city’s Jewish population. And yet, a closer and critical examination of these sites reveals that there is much to question about the wisdom and accuracy of reconstructing late antique Roman Judaism based on the catacombs. In Chapter 6, I question whether such a thing as a “Jewish catacomb” ever truly existed in isolation in late antique Rome, and what such a thing might reveal about Jewish-Christian relations in the fourth and fifth centuries.