Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T03:54:51.523Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Sports

from Part III - Live Entertainment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 June 2020

Harold L. Vogel
Get access

Summary

This chapter reviews the history of major sports and ties into media and wagering aspects. These include labor, tax, team transfers, valuation, and accounting issues.

Keywords

gaming and media tieslabor issuesteam valuations
Type
Chapter
Information
Entertainment Industry Economics
A Guide for Financial Analysis
 , pp. 497 - 532
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further Reading

Abrams, B. (1984). “How Networks Vied in Grueling Bidding for ’88 Winter Games,” Wall Street Journal, February 22.Google Scholar
Abrams, R. I. (2000). The Money Pitch: Baseball Free Agency and Salary Arbitration. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Alster, N. (1991). “Major League Socialism,” Forbes, 147(11)(May 27).Google Scholar
Anon, . (1971). “Who Says Baseball Is Like Ballet?” Forbes, 107(7)(April 1).Google Scholar
Anon, . (1989). “Professor Hardball,” Bloomberg Businessweek, 3098(April 3).Google Scholar
Arango, T. (2007). “LeBron Inc.: The Building of a Billion-Dollar Athlete,” Fortune, 156(12)(December 10).Google Scholar
Araton, H., ed. (2019) Elevated: The Global Rise of the N.B.A. Chicago: Triumph Books.Google Scholar
Badenhausen, K. (2004). “LeBron James: The NBA’s $2 Billion Man,” Forbes, 173(3)(February 16).Google Scholar
Badenhausen, K., and Kump, L. (2001). “Cashing In,” Forbes, 168(7)(September 17).Google Scholar
Badenhausen, K., and Sicheri, W. (1999). “Baseball Games,” Forbes, 163(11)(May 31).Google Scholar
Barclay, J. (2009). “Predicting the Costs and Benefits of Mega-Sporting Events: Misjudgment of Olympic Proportions?” Economic Affairs, 29(2)(June).Google Scholar
Barrett, P. M. (2013). “Pain Point,” Bloomberg Businessweek, February 4.Google Scholar
Barrett, P. M. (1981). “Baseball Strike Issues,” New York Times, August 1.Google Scholar
Bates, J. (2002). “The Dodgers’ Team Color Is Now a Deep Shade of Red,” Los Angeles Times, August 19.Google Scholar
Battista, J. (2012). “N.F.L. Reaches Labor Accord with Referees,” New York Times, September 27.Google Scholar
Bauerlein, V. (2011). “Nascar Revs Up Rough Side to Win Back Fans,” Wall Street Journal, February 14.Google Scholar
Belson, K. (2017a). “Move to Las Vegas Exposes N.F.L.’s Paradox on Betting,” New York Times, April 19.Google Scholar
Belson, K. (2017b). “Building a Stadium, Rebuilding a Neighborhood,” New York Times, January 14.Google Scholar
Belson, K. (2017c). “Team Relocations Keep N.F.L. Moving Up Financially,” New York Times, January 13.Google Scholar
Belson, K. (2013). “Going to the Game, to Watch Them All on TV,” New York Times, September 15.Google Scholar
Belson, K., and Klein, J. Z. (2009). “Canada’s Pro Hockey Teams Are No Longer a Dollar Short,” New York Times, December 2.Google Scholar
Berri, D. (2018). Sports Economics. New York: Macmillan (Worth Publishers).Google Scholar
Birger, J., and Arango, T. (2007). “The Yankees Face Life after George,” Fortune, 156(4)(August 20).Google Scholar
Blustein, P. (1983). “Are Baltimore Orioles Best Team in Baseball, or Just the Best Run?” Wall Street Journal, October 5.Google Scholar
Boudway, I. (2019). “ESPN’s Ex-President Wants to Build the Netflix of Sports,” Bloomberg Businessweek, January 16.Google Scholar
Boudway, I. (2018). “The NBA Has Plenty of Young Talent: The Question Is What to Do With It,” Bloomberg Businessweek, June 25.Google Scholar
Boudway, I. (2015a). “Kroenke,” Bloomberg Businessweek, November 23.Google Scholar
Boudway, I. (2015b). “Holy Cow! The Chicago Cubs Finally Have a Winning Business Plan,” Bloomberg Businessweek, April 6.Google Scholar
Boudway, I. (2014). “Transition Game,” Bloomberg Businessweek, January 20.Google Scholar
Bradbury, J. C. (2007). The Baseball Economist: The Real Game Exposed. New York: Penguin (Dutton).Google Scholar
Bulkeley, W. M. (1985). “Sports Agents Help Athletes Win – And Keep Those Super Salaries,” Wall Street Journal, March 25.Google Scholar
Burck, C. G. (1977). “Why the Sports Business Ain’t What It Used to Be,” Fortune, 95(5)(May).Google Scholar
Burke, M. (2010). “How the Chicago Bears Fumbled Away a Fortune,” Forbes, 186(4)(September 13).Google Scholar
Byrne, J. (1986). The $1 League: The Rise and Fall of the USFL. New York: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Cabot, A., and Miller, K. (2018). Sports Wagering in America: Policies, Economics, and Regulation. Las Vegas: UNLV Gaming Press.Google Scholar
Chass, M. (2002). “Baseball Negotiators Shift Their Sights to Next Off-Season,” New York Times, March 27.Google Scholar
Chass, M. (2001). “Back to Business: Baseball Votes to Drop 2 Teams,” New York Times, November 7.Google Scholar
Chass, M. (1996). “Reluctant Baseball Owners Approve Pact with Players,” New York Times, November 27.Google Scholar
Chass, M. (1988). “7 in Baseball Collusion Case Win Free Agency,” New York Times, January 23.Google Scholar
Comte, E., and Chakravarty, S. N. (1993). “How High Can David Stern Jump?” Forbes, 151(12)(June 7).Google Scholar
Costa, B., and Diamond, J. (2017). “Baseball Learns Data’s Downside,” Wall Street Journal, October 4.Google Scholar
Crist, S. (1998). “All Bets Are Off,” Sports Illustrated, January 26.Google Scholar
DeMause, N., and Cagan, J. (2008). How the Great Stadium Swindle Turns Public Money into Private Profit, rev. ed. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press (Bison Books).Google Scholar
Diamond, J., and Beaton, A. (2018). “The NFL Is Losing Its Core Audience,” Wall Street Journal, February 4.Google Scholar
Draper, K., Arango, T., and Blinder, A. (2018). “Tribes Seek Their Share of Jackpot In Betting,” New York Times, May 22.Google Scholar
Everson, D. (2009). “Yankee Stadium’s Ugly Start,” Wall Street Journal, May 15.Google Scholar
Everson, D. (2008). “The Decline of the National League,” Wall Street Journal, July 11.Google Scholar
Fatsis, S. (2004). “It’s Time for Money, Uh, March Madness,” Wall Street Journal, March 15.Google Scholar
Fatsis, S. (2003a). “Sports Teams for Sale,” Wall Street Journal, February 13.Google Scholar
Fatsis, S. (2003b). “NBC Sports Maps a Future without the Big Leagues,” Wall Street Journal, January 31.Google Scholar
Fatsis, S. (2003c). “What Price Touchdowns?” New York Times, January 3.Google Scholar
Fatsis, S., and Flint, J. (2001). “How the XFL Became One of the Biggest Flops in Television History,” Wall Street Journal, April 23.Google Scholar
Ferguson, D. G., Stewart, K. G., Jones, J. C. H., and Le Dressay, A. (1991). “The Pricing of Sports Events: Do Teams Maximize Profit?” Journal of Industrial Economics, 3(March).Google Scholar
Fetter, H. D. (2003). Taking on the Yankees: Winning and Losing in the Business of Baseball, 1903 to 2003. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Fishof, D., and Shapiro, E. (1983). Putting It on the Line: The Negotiating Secrets, Tactics & Techniques of a Top Sports and Entertainment Agent. New York: William Morrow.Google Scholar
Flint, J., Bruell, A., and Sharma, A. (2017). “NFL Ratings Culprit: Too Much Football,” Wall Street Journal, November 3.Google Scholar
Fort, R. D. (2006). Sports Economics, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Fort, R. D, and Winfree, J. (2013). 15 Sports Myths and Why They’re Wrong. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, R. (1985a). “They Get Little Ink, but 15 Other People Also Own Yankees,” Wall Street Journal, April 16.Google Scholar
Friedman, R. (1985b). “Playing Basketball in the Minors Offers Only Minor Rewards,” Wall Street Journal, February 26.Google Scholar
Friedman, R. (1984). “Holmes-Coetzee Bout, a Promoter’s Dream, Becomes a Nightmare,” Wall Street Journal, May 22.Google Scholar
Futterman, M. (2016). Players: The Story of Sports and Money, and the Visionaries Who Fought to Create a Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Futterman, M. (2015). “The Plan to Speed Up Baseball,” Wall Street Journal, April 3.Google Scholar
Futterman, M. (2011a). “Baseball after Moneyball,” Wall Street Journal, September 23.Google Scholar
Futterman, M. (2011b). “Dodgers Slide into Chapter 11,” Wall Street Journal, June 28.Google Scholar
Futterman, M. (2011c). “The NFL’s $1 Billion Game of Chicken,” Wall Street Journal, February 17.Google Scholar
Futterman, M. (2010). “Texas Rangers Make Bankruptcy Play,” Wall Street Journal, May 25.Google Scholar
Futterman, M. (2008). “Jets to Auction Seats on eBay,” Wall Street Journal, September 17.Google Scholar
Futterman, M., and Blackmon, D. A. (2010). “PGA Tour Begins to Pay a Price for Tiger Woods’s Transgressions,” Wall Street Journal, January 25.Google Scholar
Galarza, P. (1995). “The Mighty Bucks: Companies Are Learning How to Make Money with the Sports Teams They Own,” Financial World, 164(25)(December 5).Google Scholar
Goff, B. L., and Tollison, R. D., eds. (1990). Sportometrics. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.Google Scholar
Gorman, J., and Calhoun, K. (with Rozin, S.). (1994). The Name of the Game: The Business of Sports. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Gorn, E. J., and Goldstein, W. (1993). A Brief History of American Sports. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux (Hill and Wang).Google Scholar
Grant, P. (2003). “Yankees’ Push for TV Profits Sparks Clash of Heavy Hitters,” Wall Street Journal, June 12.Google Scholar
Grant, P., and Thompson, A. (2007). “NFL Network Gets Blocked As Cable Takes Tough Stance,” Wall Street Journal, August 20.Google Scholar
Gratton, C. and Solberg, H. A. (2006). The Economics of Sports Broadcasting. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Green, J. (2014). “Extreme Money Ball,” Bloomberg Businessweek, September 7.Google Scholar
Gunther, M. (1997). “They All Want to Be Like Mike,” Fortune, 136(2)(July 21).Google Scholar
Hamburger, T., and Binkley, C. (2001). “Bid to Outlaw Betting on College Sports Faces Very Long Odds,” Wall Street Journal, April 3.Google Scholar
Harris, D. (1986). “New Troubles in the N.F.L.,” New York Times Magazine, September 7.Google Scholar
Hart-Nibbrig, N., and Cottingham, C. (1986). The Political Economy of College Sports. Lexington, MA: Heath.Google Scholar
Harwood, S. J. (1983). “Valuation of Player Contracts When Acquiring a Professional Baseball Team – An Analysis of Selig v. United States,” Taxes, 61(10)(October).Google Scholar
Hausman, J. A., and Leonard, G. K. (1997). “Superstars in the National Basketball Association: Economic Value and Policy,” Journal of Labor Economics, 15(4)(October).Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (2001). “A Team of Their Own,” Fortune, 143(10)(May 14).Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1997). “Free Agency Proves to Be the Cat’s Meow for Jags and Panthers,” Wall Street Journal, January 10.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1996a). “How Atlanta Went from Baseball Clowns to Kings of Diamond,” Wall Street Journal, October 1.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1996b). “A City’s Self-Image Confronts Tax Revolt in Battle on Stadiums,” Wall Street Journal, March 19.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1995a). “How Nashville Seeks, at High Cost, to Win Oilers from Houston,” Wall Street Journal, November 21.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1995b). “Baseball Players’ Agent Offers Bargains on Stars in a Buyer’s Market,” Wall Street Journal, April 14.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1994a). “Canadian Clubs Appear to Skate on Thin Ice amid Hockey Lockout,” Wall Street Journal, November 15.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1994b). “How Fear and Loathing in Baseball Standoff Wrecked the Season,” Wall Street Journal, September 15.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1994c). “NFL Story: New Man Takes Over the Eagles That Laid Golden Eggs,” Wall Street Journal, August 18.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1994d). “Baseball’s Journeymen Face a New Challenge: The Low-Ball Salary,” Wall Street Journal, April 4.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1994e). “The Inflated Riches of NBA Are Pulling at the League’s Seams,” Wall Street Journal, February 11.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1991a). “How Peter Ueberroth Led the Major Leagues in the ‘Collusion Era,’” Wall Street Journal, May 20.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1991b). “Play Ball! The Price Fans Pay Is Going, Going, Gone Up,” Wall Street Journal, April 8.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1991c). “Game? What Game? Arenas Emphasize Ambiance and Amenities to Entice Fans,” Wall Street Journal, March 20.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1990a). “Baseball’s Expansion Is a High-Stakes Game of Money and Politics,” Wall Street Journal, December 21.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1990b). “Lure of TV Loot Loosens Old College Ties,” Wall Street Journal, November 14.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1984a). “Green Bay Packers Are Threatened by Football’s Changing Economics,” Wall Street Journal, December 14.Google Scholar
Helyar, J. (1984b). “More Cities Plan Domed Stadiums, but Returns May Prove to Be Small,” Wall Street Journal, May 17.Google Scholar
Hofmeister, S. (2002). “Baseball Owners, Players Balk at a Level Playing Field,” Los Angeles Times, August 16.Google Scholar
Jennings, K. M. (1990). Balls & Strikes: The Money Game in Professional Baseball. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Johnson, R. S. (1999a). “How One College Program Runs the Business: Inside Longhorn Inc.,” Fortune, 140(12)(December 20).Google Scholar
Johnson, R. S. (1999b). “Speed,” Fortune, 139(7)(April 12).Google Scholar
Johnson, R. S. (1998). “The Jordan Effect,” Fortune, 137(12)(June 22).Google Scholar
Johnson, R. S. (1997a). “Take Me Out to the Boardroom,” Fortune, 136(2)(July 21).Google Scholar
Johnson, R. S. (1997b). “Tiger! Now the Sky’s the Limit for Golf – The Game and the Business,” Fortune, 135(9)(May 12).Google Scholar
Jordan, P. (1994). “Buddy’s Boys and Their $100 Million Toys,” New York Times, September 18.Google Scholar
Kepner, T. (2018). “M.L.B. and the Union Aren’t Budging from Their Battle Lines,” New York Times, February 16.Google Scholar
Klatell, D. A., and Marcus, N. (1988). Sports for Sale: Television, Money, and the Fans. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Klein, J. Z. (2011). “Game Fixing Rattles Soccer Around World,” New York Times, July 19.Google Scholar
Krise, S. A. (1975). “Certain Tax Implications of Professional Sports,” CPA Journal, April.Google Scholar
Kuper, S., and Szymanski, S. (2009). Soccernomics. New York: Perseus (Nation Books).Google Scholar
La Franco, R. (1997). “Profits on Ice,” Forbes, 159(9)(May 5).Google Scholar
Laing, J. R. (2003). “Golf Glut,” Barron’s, July 26.Google Scholar
Lancaster, H. (1988). “Baseball Owners Found in Collusion in Free-Agent Case,” Wall Street Journal, September 1.Google Scholar
Lancaster, H. (1987). “Timeout: Despite Success of Celtics Sale, Doubts Remain about Sports Offerings,” Wall Street Journal, May 8.Google Scholar
Lancaster, H. (1985). “USFL Facing a Fourth-and-Long as It Staggers into Third Season,” Wall Street Journal, February 26.Google Scholar
Lane, R. (1995). “Pugilism’s Lopsided Economics,” Forbes, 156(14)(December 18).Google Scholar
Lattman, P., and Eder, S. (2013). “Want a Piece of a Star Athlete? Now, You Really Can Buy One,” New York Times, October 18.Google Scholar
Leifer, E. (1996). Making the Majors: The Transformation of Team Sports in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.Google Scholar
Leonhardt, D. (2001). “How to Re-Energize Baseball and Win New Fans,” New York Times, August 12.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. (2003a). Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. (2003b). “The Trading Desk,” New York Times, March 30.Google Scholar
Linden, D. W. (1991). “Bases Loaded, Nobody Out,” Forbes, 147(7)(April 1).Google Scholar
Lueck, T. J. (1987). “Baseball Entrepreneurs Score in Bush Leagues,” New York Times, August 24.Google Scholar
MacCambridge, M. (2004). America’s Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
MacCambridge, M., and Billick, B. (2009). More Than a Game: The Glorious Present and Uncertain Future of the NFL. New York: Scribner.Google Scholar
Mahler, J. (2010). “The Tiger Bubble,” New York Times, March 28.Google Scholar
Mallios, W. S. (2000). The Analysis of Sports Forecasting: Modeling Parallels between Sports Gambling and Financial Markets. Dordrecht, The Netherlands and Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
McCartney, S. (2000). “Why a Baseball Superstar’s Megacontract Can Be Less Than It Seems,” Wall Street Journal, December 27.Google Scholar
Merwin, J. (1984). “It’s Show Time,” Forbes, 133(4)(February 13).Google Scholar
Merwin, J. (1983). “Big League Baseball’s New Cash Lineup,” Forbes, 131(7)(March 28).Google Scholar
Merwin, J. (1982). “The Most Valuable Executive in Either League,” Forbes, 129(8)(April 12).Google Scholar
Mickle, T., and Bauerlein, V. (2017). “Long a Cultural Icon, NASCAR Hits the Skids,” Wall Street Journal, February 22.Google Scholar
Miller, J. E. (1990). The Baseball Business: Pursuing Pennants and Profits in Baltimore. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Mock, V., and Roman, D. (2013). “Soccer Clubs Probed on Tax Breaks,” Wall Street Journal, December 19.Google Scholar
Moore, T. (1986). “It’s 4th & 10 – The NFL Needs the Long Bomb,” Fortune, 114(3)(August 4).Google Scholar
Moore, T. (1985). “Baseball’s New Game Plan,” Fortune, 111(8)(April 15).Google Scholar
Moores, J. (2002). “Damn Yankees,” Wall Street Journal, May 14.Google Scholar
Moores, J. (1999). “Bring Competition Back to Baseball,” Wall Street Journal, April 5.Google Scholar
Morgenson, G. (1992). “Where the Fans Still Come First,” Forbes, 149(10)(April 27).Google Scholar
Newport, J. P. (2007). “How Golf Went Off Course,” Wall Street Journal, April 2.Google Scholar
Nocera, J. (2016). “In Losing the Rams, St. Louis Wins,” New York Times, January 16.Google Scholar
Nocera, J., and Useem, J. (2004). “How the Curse Was Really Reversed,” Fortune, 150(10)(November 15).Google Scholar
Noll, R. G. (1999). “The Business of College Sports,” Milken Institute Review, third quarter.Google Scholar
Noll, R. G., and Zimbalist, A., eds. (1997). Sports, Jobs & Taxes: The Economic Impact of Sports Teams and Stadiums. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Norton, E. (1993). “Football at Any Cost: One City’s Mad Chase for an NFL Franchise,” Wall Street Journal, October 13.Google Scholar
O’Keefe, B. (2013). “Reinventing Football,” Fortune, 168(8)(November 18).Google Scholar
Ozanian, M. K. (2004). “Ice Capades,” Forbes, 174(11)(November 29).Google Scholar
Ozanian, M. K. (2000). “Too Much to Lose,” Forbes, 165(14)(June 12).Google Scholar
Ozanian, M. K. (1998). “Selective Accounting,” Forbes, 162(13)(December 14).Google Scholar
Ozanian, M. K. (1997). “Fields of Debt,” Forbes, 160(13)(December 15).Google Scholar
Phillips, M. M. (1997). “Top Sports Pros Find a New Way to Score: Getting Equity Stakes,” Wall Street Journal, April 18.Google Scholar
Pulley, B. (2006). “The King and His Sport, at Twilight,” Forbes, 177(9)(April 24).Google Scholar
Pulley, B. (2004). “The $1 Billion Football Team,” Forbes, 174(5)(September 20).Google Scholar
Queenan, J. (1991). “Squeeze Play: Plutocrat Players, Balky Payers May End Baseball’s Big Boom,” Barron’s, April 29.Google Scholar
Ramachandran, S. (2018). “Adding to ESPN’s Struggles: Politics,” Wall Street Journal, May 25.Google Scholar
Rein, I., Shields, B., and Grossman, A. (2014). The Sports Strategist: Developing Leaders for a High-Performance Industry. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rhoden, W. C. (1999). “A Lockout, Not Love-In for Players,” New York Times, January 7.Google Scholar
Robichaux, M. (1990). “If Baseball Hurls Shutout, Many Will Be Losers,” Wall Street Journal, January 23.Google Scholar
Robichaux, M. (1989). “Dallas Cowboys Face Financial Predicament Spreading in the NFL,” Wall Street Journal, October 23.Google Scholar
Robinson, E. (1997). “It’s Where You Play That Counts,” Fortune, 136(2)(July 21).Google Scholar
Rodriguez, P., Kesenne, S., and Koning, R., eds. (2015). The Econometrics of Sport. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Rosentraub, M. S. (1997). Major League Losers. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Rosner, S. R., and Shropshire, K. L. (2011). The Business of Sports, 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.Google Scholar
Roth, D. (2000). “The NBA’s Next Shot,” Fortune, 141(4)(February 21).Google Scholar
Rottenberg, S. (1956). “The Baseball Players’ Labor Market,” Journal of Political Economy, 64(3)(June).Google Scholar
Sandomir, R. (1996). “America’s Small-Town Team,” New York Times, January 13.Google Scholar
Saporito, B. (1991). “The Owners’ New Game Is Managing,” Fortune, 124(1)(July 1).Google Scholar
Saporito, B. (1987). “The Life of a $725,000 Scab,” Fortune, 116(9)(October 26).Google Scholar
Schaaf, P. (2004). Sports, Inc.: 100 Years of Sports Business. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Schmidt, M. S., and Sandomir, R. (2011). “Mets Are Said to be Suffering Sizable Losses,” New York Times, March 25.Google Scholar
Schoenfeld, B. (2016). “What Happened When Venture Capitalists Took Over the Golden State Warriors,” New York Times, April 3.Google Scholar
Schonbrun, Z. (2017). “Why Did Disney Expand Its Sports Empire With Out-of-Favor Networks?” New York Times, December 16.Google Scholar
Shropshire, K. L. (1995). The Sports Franchise Game. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Shropshire, K. L. (1990). Agents of Opportunity: Sports Agents and Corruption in Collegiate Sports. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Shropshire, K. L., and Davis, T. (2002). The Business of Sports Agents. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Sims, C. (1993) “It’s Not Just How Well You Play the Game …, ” New York Times, January 31.Google Scholar
Smith, A. F. (2009). ESPN: The Company Story. Hoboken: Wiley.Google Scholar
Smith, T. K. (1992). “Players Charge NFL with Trying End Run on Disability Benefits,” Wall Street Journal, December 7.Google Scholar
Smith, T. K., and Norton, E. (1993). “One Baseball Statistic Remains a Mystery: The Real Bottom Line,” Wall Street Journal, April 2.Google Scholar
Söderman, S., and Dolles, H. (2013). Handbook of Research on Sport and Business. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Spiers, J. (1996). “Are Pro Sports Teams Worth It?” Fortune, 133(1)(January 15).Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (2013). “The Hockey Lockout of 2012–13,” Monthly Labor Review, 136(7)(July).Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (2012). “The Football Lockout of 2011,” Monthly Labor Review, 134(8)(August).Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (2005). “The Hockey Lockout of 2004–05,” Monthly Labor Review, 128(12)(December).Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (2002). “Baseball Negotiations: A New Agreement,” Monthly Labor Review, 125(12)(December).Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (1999). “Labor Relations in Basketball: The Lockout of 1998–99,” Monthly Labor Review, 122(4)(April).Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (1997). “The Baseball Strike of 1994–95,” Monthly Labor Review 120(3)(March).Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (1996). Playing for Dollars: Labor Relations and the Sports Business. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (1990). “The Baseball Strike of 1990,” Monthly Labor Review, 113(10)(October).Google Scholar
Staudohar, P. D. (1988). “The Football Strike of 1987: The Question of Free Agency,” Monthly Labor Review 111(8)(August).Google Scholar
Steinberg, D. (2015). “The Biggest Big Money Fight,” Wall Street Journal, May 1.Google Scholar
Stevenson, R. (1990). “Pony Up $95 Million? Sure, for a Baseball Team,” New York Times, September 23.Google Scholar
Stewart, B. (2007). Sport Funding and Finance. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Strauss, B. (2015). “Labor Board Rejects Northwestern Players’ Union Bid,” New York Times, August 18.Google Scholar
Sullivan, N. J. (1992). The Diamond Revolution: The Prospects for Baseball after the Collapse of Its Ruling Class. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Szymanski, S. (2015). Money and Soccer: A Soccernomics Guide. New York: Perseus (Nation Books).Google Scholar
Szymanski, S. and Zimbalest, A. (2005). National Pastime: How Americans Play Baseball and the Rest of the World Plays Soccer. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Tagliabue, J. (2000). “Hoop Dreams, Fiscal Realities,” New York Times, March 4.Google Scholar
Thurow, R. (1997). “Women’s NBA Pins Hopes on Clean Play and Hard Marketing,” Wall Street Journal, June 12.Google Scholar
Thurow, R., and Helyar, J. (1995). “Jerry Jones Thinks NFL Revenue Sharing Is a Bit Socialistic,” Wall Street Journal, September 28.Google Scholar
Vardi, N. (2007). “Winning Isn’t Everything: The Toronto Maple Leafs,” Forbes, 180(11)(November 26).Google Scholar
Vitello, P. (2008). “More Americans Are Giving Up Golf,” New York Times, February 21.Google Scholar
Walker, S. (2002). “How Not to Fix Baseball,” Wall Street Journal, August 23.Google Scholar
Walker, S. (1999a). “Full Count and Empty Seats,” Wall Street Journal, October 12.Google Scholar
Walker, S. (1999b). “Why Softer Ratings Could Mean the NFL Is Fumbling Away Its Fun,” Wall Street Journal, January 29.Google Scholar
Weber, B. (1986). “The Man Who Built the Mets,” New York Times Magazine, August 3.Google Scholar
Weinbach, J. (2007). “Inside College Sports’ Biggest Money Machine,” Wall Street Journal, October 19.Google Scholar
Wermiel, S. (1984). “NCAA Pacts to Televise College Football Violate Antitrust Law, High Court Rules,” Wall Street Journal, June 28.Google Scholar
White, G. E. (1996). Creating the National Pastime: Baseball Transforms Itself, 1903–1953. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Whitford, D. (2010). “The King of the Sports Deal,” Fortune, 161(7)(May 24).Google Scholar
Wilke, J. R. (2008). “Pittsburgh’s Rooneys Quietly Shop the Steelers,” Wall Street Journal, July 8.Google Scholar
Wise, M., and Roberts, S. (1999). “N.B.A., Once a Dream Team, Is Torn by Fight for Control,” New York Times, January 10.Google Scholar
Witz, B. (2016). “Solving the Yankee Equation,” New York Times, July 25.Google Scholar
Yost, M. (2006). Tailgating, Sacks and Salary Caps: How the N.F.L. Became the Most Successful Sports League in History. Chicago: Kaplan Publishing.Google Scholar
Zimbalist, A. (2011). Circling the Bases: Essays on the Challenges and Prospects of the Sports Industry. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Zimbalist, A. (2001). “Competitive Balance in Major League Baseball,” Milken Institute Review, first quarter.Google Scholar
Zimbalist, A. (1999). Unpaid Professionals: Commercialism and Conflict in Big-Time College Sports. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Sports
  • Harold L. Vogel
  • Book: Entertainment Industry Economics
  • Online publication: 26 June 2020
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108675499.013
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Sports
  • Harold L. Vogel
  • Book: Entertainment Industry Economics
  • Online publication: 26 June 2020
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108675499.013
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Sports
  • Harold L. Vogel
  • Book: Entertainment Industry Economics
  • Online publication: 26 June 2020
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108675499.013
Available formats
×