Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface and overview
- 1 Epilepsies as channelopathies
- 2 Epilepsy and movement disorders in the GABAA receptor β3 subunit knockout mouse: model of Angelman syndrome
- 3 Genetic reflex epilepsy from chicken to man: relations between genetic reflex epilepsy and movement disorders
- 4 Functional MRI of the motor cortex
- 5 Neuromagnetic methods and transcranial magnetic stimulation for testing sensorimotor cortex excitability
- 6 Motor dysfunction resulting from epileptic activity involving the sensorimotor cortex
- 7 Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
- 8 Motor cortex hyperexcitability in dystonia
- 9 The paroxysmal dyskinesias
- 10 Normal startle and startle-induced epileptic seizures
- 11 Hyperekplexia: genetics and culture-bound stimulus-induced disorders
- 12 Myoclonus and epilepsy
- 13 The spectrum of epilepsy and movement disorders in EPC
- 14 Seizures, myoclonus and cerebellar dysfunction in progressive myoclonus epilepsies
- 15 Opercular epilepsies with oromotor dysfunction
- 16 Facial seizures associated with brainstem and cerebellar lesions
- 17 Neonatal movement disorders: epileptic or non-epileptic
- 18 Epileptic and non-epileptic periodic motor phenomena in children with encephalopathy
- 19 Epileptic stereotypies in children
- 20 Non-epileptic paroxysmal eye movements
- 21 Shuddering and benign myoclonus of early infancy
- 22 Epilepsy and cerebral palsy
- 23 Sydenham chorea
- 24 Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
- 25 Motor attacks in Sturge–Weber syndrome
- 26 Syndromes with epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia
- 27 Epilepsy genes: the search grows longer
- 28 Genetics of the overlap between epilepsy and movement disorders
- 29 Seizures and movement disorders precipitated by drugs
- 30 Steroid responsive motor disorders associated with epilepsy
- 31 Drugs for epilepsy and movement disorders
- Index
- Plate section
31 - Drugs for epilepsy and movement disorders
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 May 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface and overview
- 1 Epilepsies as channelopathies
- 2 Epilepsy and movement disorders in the GABAA receptor β3 subunit knockout mouse: model of Angelman syndrome
- 3 Genetic reflex epilepsy from chicken to man: relations between genetic reflex epilepsy and movement disorders
- 4 Functional MRI of the motor cortex
- 5 Neuromagnetic methods and transcranial magnetic stimulation for testing sensorimotor cortex excitability
- 6 Motor dysfunction resulting from epileptic activity involving the sensorimotor cortex
- 7 Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
- 8 Motor cortex hyperexcitability in dystonia
- 9 The paroxysmal dyskinesias
- 10 Normal startle and startle-induced epileptic seizures
- 11 Hyperekplexia: genetics and culture-bound stimulus-induced disorders
- 12 Myoclonus and epilepsy
- 13 The spectrum of epilepsy and movement disorders in EPC
- 14 Seizures, myoclonus and cerebellar dysfunction in progressive myoclonus epilepsies
- 15 Opercular epilepsies with oromotor dysfunction
- 16 Facial seizures associated with brainstem and cerebellar lesions
- 17 Neonatal movement disorders: epileptic or non-epileptic
- 18 Epileptic and non-epileptic periodic motor phenomena in children with encephalopathy
- 19 Epileptic stereotypies in children
- 20 Non-epileptic paroxysmal eye movements
- 21 Shuddering and benign myoclonus of early infancy
- 22 Epilepsy and cerebral palsy
- 23 Sydenham chorea
- 24 Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
- 25 Motor attacks in Sturge–Weber syndrome
- 26 Syndromes with epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia
- 27 Epilepsy genes: the search grows longer
- 28 Genetics of the overlap between epilepsy and movement disorders
- 29 Seizures and movement disorders precipitated by drugs
- 30 Steroid responsive motor disorders associated with epilepsy
- 31 Drugs for epilepsy and movement disorders
- Index
- Plate section
Summary
Introduction
This chapter is intended as an overview of the different antiepileptic drugs (AED) that can also be used to treat movement disorders and of the rationale for their use. There are two main sections: the first reports in alphabetic order AEDs with a well-established use in both fields (epilepsy and movement disorders); the second contains other AEDs that have a less defined use profile in movement disorder treatment, because of their recent introduction or their narrow spectrum of action. The aim is, whenever possible, to highlight the mechanisms of action that can be shared by the drugs in the treatment of both epilepsy and movement disorders.
Acetazolamide
Acetazolamide (AZM) is a sulfonamide that inhibits carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme responsible for conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate (Roblin & Clapp, 1950). Its use in epilepsy has a long history but remains limited (Bergstron et al., 1952; Ramsey & De Toledo, 1997). On the contrary, AZM is highly effective in treating episodic ataxias as serendipitously discovered in a patient misdiagnosed with periodic paralysis (Griggs et al., 1978).
Epilepsy
Although several reports have claimed the efficacy of AZM as an AED, most of these studies were performed before the adoption of the International Classification of the Epilepsies (Commission, 1989) and it is therefore difficult to determine clearly what types of epilepsies respond to the drug.
In partial epilepsies, different open studies indicate more than 50% seizure reduction in 25% to 52% of patients, with a minority of them being seizure free.
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- Information
- Epilepsy and Movement Disorders , pp. 517 - 547Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2001