ALBANIA

Selca e Poshtme

Date: 250-200 BC.

Context: funerary - tomb 3.

Description: mail armour.

Inventory: gold earrings, necklaces, pins, rings, belt fitting, silver ornament depicting a battle scene, spearheads, 30 ceramic vessels.

Literature: Rustoiu 2006, 49.

ALGERIA

Es Soumâa

Date: terminus ante quem 130-118 BC.

Context: funerary.

Description: two large mail fragments measuring 59 x 15 x 6 cm and 18.5 x 17 x 4 cm. Current weight c. 5 kg. In solid corroded condition. 4-in-1. Rings: outer diameter hardly larger than 3-4 mm; X-rays indicate the presence of rings with a 7-9 mm diameter; cross-section circular.

Material: iron.

Inventory: helmet, sword, scabbard, eight spearheads, bronze bench, gilded silver medallion, silver bowl, drinking horn, silver plate, at least three amphorae.

Remarks: cremation remains of two individuals (c. 60 years and c. 20 years). Possibly the burial of Micipsa, king of Numidia.

Location: Musée National Cirta, Constantine.

Literature: Bridoux 2008, 410; Gerresheim et al. 1997, 353-354, fig. 218; Hansen 2003, 65-67, 164 (cat. no. B1); Künzl 2002, 127; Mordvintseva et al.2012, 324; Müller 2003, 432; Pernet 2010, 51; Rustoiu 2006, 49; Völling 1999, 95; Waurick 1979, 318-332 (cat. no. 1).

AUSTRIA

Biberwier

Date: 4th century AD.

Context:isolated find near the Via Claudia Augusta.

Description: mail aventail, measuring 18 x 17 cm, attached to a helmet. Mail is in good condition and partly flexible. 4-in-1. Alternating rows of riveted and solid rings. Riveted rings: outer diameter larger than solid rings; overlap clockwise; paddle-shaped overlap; round rivet heads; cross-section flattened. Solid rings: square cross-section; rings have burrs and deformations indicating that they were punched from sheet metal.

Material: iron.

Inventory: helmet with aventail, stored in a textile bag.

Location: Institut für Archäologien - Universität Innsbruck.

Literature: Fischer 2012, 159, fig. 194.1; 2019, 120, fig. 194.2; Miks 2008, 12-13, fig. 20; 2014, 223, pl. 70-72.

Carnuntum1 -Bad Deutsch-Altenburg

Date: 1st century AD.

Context: Roman fort - ‘Waffenmagazin’.

Description: 17 mail fragments. 4-in-1. Rings: outer diameter 5-7 mm, inner diameter 3-5 mm.

Material: iron, copper alloy.

Inventory: 121 scale armour fragments, 302 lorica segmentata fragments, ten armguards fragments, 62 shields fragments, 58 helmet fragments, 13 sword fragments, five dagger fragments, 38 pieces of shafted weapons, eleven pilum fragments, 40 spear butts, 209 arrowheads, 166 miscellaneous objects.