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11 - Nitrogen flows and fate in rural landscapes

from Part III - Nitrogen flows and fate at multiple spatial scales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2011

By
Pierre Cellier ,
Patrick Durand ,
Nick Hutchings ,
Ulli Dragosits ,
Mark Theobald ,
Jean-Louis Drouet ,
Oene Oenema ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Lutz Breuer  and
Tommy Dalgaard
...Show all authors
Edited by
Mark A. Sutton ,
Clare M. Howard ,
Jan Willem Erisman ,
Gilles Billen ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Peringe Grennfelt ,
Hans van Grinsven  and
Bruna Grizzetti
Pierre Cellier
Affiliation:
INRA, France
Patrick Durand
Affiliation:
INRA, France
Nick Hutchings
Affiliation:
University of Aarhus
Ulli Dragosits
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Mark Theobald
Affiliation:
Technical University of Madrid/Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Jean-Louis Drouet
Affiliation:
INRA, France
Oene Oenema
Affiliation:
Wageningen University and Research Centre
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Lutz Breuer
Affiliation:
Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management
Tommy Dalgaard
Affiliation:
Aarhus University
Sylvia Duretz
Affiliation:
INRA, France
Johannes Kros
Affiliation:
Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre
Benjamin Loubet
Affiliation:
UMR Environm & Grandes Cultures
Joergen Eivind Olesen
Affiliation:
Aarhus University Department of Agroecology and Environment
Philippe Mérot
Affiliation:
INRA, France
Valérie Viaud
Affiliation:
INRA, France
Wim de Vries
Affiliation:
Wageningen University and Research Centre
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Clare M. Howard
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Jan Willem Erisman
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Gilles Billen
Affiliation:
CNRS and University of Paris VI
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Peringe Grennfelt
Affiliation:
Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Bruna Grizzetti
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
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Summary

Executive summary

Nature of the problem

  • The transfer of nitrogen by either farm management activities or natural processes (through the atmosphere and the hydrological network) can feed into the N cascade and lead to indirect and unexpected reactive nitrogen emissions.

  • This transfer can lead to large N deposition rates and impacts to sensitive ecosystems. It can also promote further N2O emission in areas where conditions are more favourable for denitrification.

  • In rural landscapes, the relevant scale is the scale where N is managed by farm activities and where environmental measures are applied.

Approaches

  • Mitigating nitrogen at landscape scale requires consideration of the interactions between natural and anthropogenic (i.e. farm management) processes.

  • Owing to the complex nature and spatial extent of rural landscapes, experimental assessments of reactive N flows at this scale are difficult and often incomplete. It should include measurement of N flows in the different compartments of the environment and comprehensive datasets on the environment (soils, hydrology, land use, etc.) and on farm management.

  • Modelling is the preferred tool to investigate the complex relationships between anthropogenic and natural processes at landscape scale although verification by measurements is required. Up to now, no model includes all the components of landscape scale N flows: farm functioning, short range atmospheric transfer, hydrology and ecosystem modelling.

Type
Chapter
Information
The European Nitrogen Assessment
Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives
 , pp. 229 - 248
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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