Chapter 6 argues that Eusebius, far from sharing the unproblematic celebration of martyrdom of much second- and third-century Christian literature, in fact re-appropriates Christianity’s past martyrs to make them vehicles for intellectual and pastoral qualities. In so doing he de-escalates the connotations of resistance towards Rome that martyrs had acquired in earlier Christian literature. Though Eusebius is often treated as celebrating martyrdom, he in fact values future contribution to the Christian community more highly than violent death. Eusebius therefore celebrated Christian martyrs, but he emphasised passive endurance under torture rather than active oppositional dialogue with state officials. His interest was not simply in the act of martyrdom itself but equally – if not more – in teaching and pastoral care, and he praised flight from persecution, especially when it facilitated care of the Christian community. He thus turned martyrs from symbols of violent resistance to Rome into models of those aspects of authority elevated in the preceding chapters, and he aligned Christianity’s past martyrs with Graeco-Roman philosophical views of self-killing. Again, this was done both in response to elite conservative criticism of Christianity’s martyr mentality and as part of Eusebius’ wider re-imagination of Christianity for his fourth century moment.