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15 - Would Venus evolve on Mars? Bioenergetic constraints, allometric trends, and the evolution of life-history invariants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2009

By
Jeffrey P. Schloss
Edited by
John D. Barrow ,
Simon Conway Morris ,
Stephen J. Freeland  and
Charles L. Harper, Jr
Jeffrey P. Schloss
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Westmont College
John D. Barrow
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Simon Conway Morris
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Stephen J. Freeland
Affiliation:
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Charles L. Harper, Jr
Affiliation:
John Templeton Foundation
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Summary

If there is ever a time in which we must make profession of two opposite truths, it is when we are reproached for omitting one.

– Pascal, Pensées

Introduction

A famous metaphor in integrative biology refers to the relationship between environmental constraint and evolutionary change as “the ecological theater and the evolutionary play” (Hutchinson, 1965). In the forty years since the penning of that phrase, the relationship between play and stage has been a matter of vigorous and fascinating debate. The issues have profound implications, not only for our scientific account of the evolutionary process, but also for our expectation of what life might look like on other planets and, indeed, for our philosophical and theological understandings of what it might mean on this one.

The controversy involves differing conclusions about the roles of contingency and constraint in evolutionary history, including, among other things, the way in which fundamental regularities of the physico-chemical environment, or “stage,” influence the unfolding of the evolutionary drama. On the one hand, many prevalent expositions of the evolutionary play suggest that the fundamental or ultimate actors are genes, not organismic (much less mental) agents (Dawkins, 1976, 1998; Dennett, 1995). The drama itself is a theater of the absurd, a plotless improvisation using whatever props are contingently provided by the environment (Gould, 1989, 1996). Contingency is held to exert determinative influence on history, and, according to Stephen Gould's widely cited metaphor, “we would probably never arise again even if life's tape could be replayed a thousand times” (1989, p. 234).

Type
Chapter
Information
Fitness of the Cosmos for Life
Biochemistry and Fine-Tuning
 , pp. 318 - 346
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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