This chapter discusses future clinical and research directions in psychiatric sleep medicine. Older models in which sleep complaints were assumed to be caused by an underlying psychiatric disorder are insufficient to explain the more complex interrelationships between sleep and mental illness. Pharmacotherapies at the nexus of sleep medicine and psychiatry are slowly moving from agents discovered largely through serendipity to those developed using translational approaches due to an enhanced understanding of the processes involved in the regulation of sleep and the pathophysiology of sleep disorders. One of the greatest challenges faced at the interface of psychiatry and sleep medicine is the need for communication between the fields of addiction, eating disorder, and obesity research. Without a common language to classify sleep disorder, it becomes a significant challenge to communicate findings from one field to researchers in the other.