References
Abélès, M. (2000). Virtual Europe. In Wilson, T. M., and Bellier, I., eds., An Anthropology of the European Union. Oxford: Berg, pp. 31–52.
Abélès, M. (2004). Identity and Borders: An Anthropological Approach to EU Institutions. In Twenty-First Century Papers: On-Line Working Papers from The Center for 21st Century Studies, 1–26. https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/28962 Adorno, T. W. (1982). Prisms. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Agnew, J. A. (2007). Geopolitics: Re-visioning World Politics. London: Routledge.
Albinski, H., and Tow, W. (2002). ANZUS – Alive and Well after Fifty Years. Australian Journal of Politics and History, 48(2), 153–173.
Amato, F., Martellozzo, F., Nolè, G., and Murgante, B. (2017). Preserving Cultural Heritage by Supporting Landscape Planning with Quantitative Predictions of Soil Consumption. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 23, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.12.009. Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Ang, I., Isar, Y. R., and Mar, P. (2015). Cultural Diplomacy: Beyond the National Interest? International Journal of Cultural Policy, 21(4), 365–381.
Ashworth, G. (1994). Heritage, Tourism and Sustainability. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
Ashworth, G. J., Graham, B. J., and Tunbridge, J. E. (2007). Pluralising Pasts: Heritage, Identity and Place in Multicultural Societies. London Pluto Press.
Aukia, J. (2019). Struggling for Recognition? Strategic Disrespect in China’s Pursuit of Soft Power. East Asia, 36(4), 305–320.
Auletta, K. (2010). Googled: The End of the World as We Know It. London: Virgin.
Ayres, M. L. (2018). Unpublished Interview with Elizabeth Stainforth.
Badenoch, A. W. (2011). Harmonized Spaces, Dissonant Objects, Inventing Europe? Mobilizing Digital Heritage. Culture Unbound, 3, 295–315.
Barr, M. D., and Skrbiš, Z. (2011). Constructing Singapore: Elitism, Ethnicity and the Nation-Building Project. Copenhagen: Nias.
Bell, E. C. (2022). Understanding Soft Power Discourse in the National Library of Australia. Journal of Documentation, 78(6), 1457–1475.
Bertrand, M., and Kamenica, E. (2018). Coming Apart? Cultural Distances in the United States Over Time. University of Chicago. www.nber.org/papers/w24771. Bettivia, R., and Stainforth, E. (2019). The Dynamics of Scale in Digital Heritage Cultures. In Lähdesmäki, T., Thomas, S. and Zhu, Y., eds., Politics of Scale: New Directions in Critical Heritage Studies. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 50–62.
Bjola, C., and Holmes, M. (2015). Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice. Abingdon: Routledge.
Bjola, C., and Pamment, J. (2019). Countering Online Propaganda and Extremism. London: Routledge.
Björk, B., and Lundén, T. (2021). Territory, State and Nation. New York: Berghahn Books.
Bode, K. (2020). Why You Can’t Model Away Bias. Modern Language Quarterly, 81(1).
Bogais, J., Garbuio, M., Groutsis, D. et al. (2022). Conquering ‘The Tyranny of Distance’: Australian–European Economic and Geopolitical Relationships Past, Present and Future. European Management Journal, 40(3), 310–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.02.003. Bonacchi, C., and Krzyzanska, M. (2019). Digital Heritage Research Re-Theorised: Ontologies and Epistemologies in a World of Big Data. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 25(12), 1235–1247.
Bonde Thylstrup, N. (2018). The Politics of Mass Digitization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Borriello, A., and Brack, N. (2019). ‘I Want My Sovereignty Back!’: A Comparative Analysis of the Populist Discourses of Podemos, the 5 Star Movement, the FN and UKIP during the Economic and Migration Crises. Journal of European Integration, 41(7), 833–853.
Brown, D., and Nicholas, G. (2012). Protecting Indigenous Cultural Property in the Age of Digital Democracy: Institutional and Communal Responses to Canadian First Nations and Māori Heritage Concerns. Journal of Material Culture, 17(3), 307–324.
Bui, H., and Lee, T. (2015). Commodification and Politicization of Heritage: Implications for Heritage Tourism at the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, Hanoi (Vietnam). ASEAS – Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 8(2), 187–202.
Byrne, D. (1996). Deep Nation: Australia’s Acquisition of an Indigenous Past. Aboriginal History, 20, 82–107.
Calligaro, O. (2021). European Identity Between Culture and Values: From European Heritage to “Our European Way of Life”. In Foret, F., and Vargovčíková, J., eds., Value Politics in the European Union. London: Routledge, pp. 133–150.
Cameron, F., and Kenderdine, S. (2007). Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage: A Critical Discourse. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cameron, F., and Mengler, S. (2015). Transvisuality, Geopolitics and Cultural Heritage in Global Flows: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and The Death of the Virtual Terrorist. In Christensen, T., Michelsen, A., and Wiegand, F., eds., Transvisuality: The Cultural Dimension of Visuality, 2, pp. 59–72.
Castells, M. (2008). The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 78–93.
Caswell, M., Gabiola, J., Zavala, J., Brilmyer, G., and Cifor, M. (2018). Imagining Transformative Spaces: The Personal-Political Sites of Community Archives. Archival Science, 18, 73–93.
Caswell, M., Harter, C., and Bergis, J. (2017). Diversifying the Digital Historical Record: Integrating Community Archives in National Strategies for Access to Digital Cultural Heritage. D-Lib Magazine, 23(5–6). www.dlib.org/dlib/may17/caswell/05caswell.html Cheney-Lippold, J. (2011). A New Algorithmic Identity: Soft Biopolitics and the Modulation of Control. Theory, Culture and Society, 28(6), 164–181.
Chew, I., and Haliza, J. (2013). Preserving the Crowdsourced Memories of a Nation, The Singapore Memory Project. In Duranti, L. and Elizabeth, S., eds., The Memory of the World in the Digital Age: Digitization and Preservation. Vancouver: UNESCO and The University of British Columbia, pp. 354–365.
Chong, A. (2010). Small State Soft Power Strategies: Virtual Enlargement in the Cases of the Vatican City State and Singapore. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 23(3), 383–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2010.484048. Chong, T. (2005). Singapore’s Cultural Policy and Its Consequences: From Global To Local. Critical Asian Studies, 37(4), 553–568.
Christen, K., Davis, L., Griffith, Z., and Neely, J. (2018). Traditional Knowledge and Digital Archives: An Interview with Kim Christen. disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory, 27(5), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.13023/disclosure.27.02. Chua, B. Ht. (2006). Communitarian Ideology and Democracy in Singapore. London: Routledge.
Ciolfi, L., Damala, A., Hornecker, E., Lechner, M., and Maye, L. (2017). Cultural Heritage Communities. London: Routledge.
Coe, P. (1994). The Struggle for Aboriginal Sovereignty. Social Alternatives, 13, 10–12.
Conti, G. (2009). Googling Security: How Much Does Google Know about You? Boston: Addison-Wesley.
Cook, T. (2013). Evidence, Memory, Identity, and Community: Four Shifting Archival Paradigms. Archival Science, 13, 95–120.
Coombe, R., and Weiss, L. (2015). Neoliberalism, Heritage Regimes, and Cultural Rights. In Meskell, L., ed., Global Heritage: A Reader. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 43–69.
Cousins, J. (2017). Creating a Renaissance for the Library in the Digital Era. Liber Quarterly, 26(4), 260–272.
Cowin, J. (2020). Digital Worlds and Transformative Learning: Google Expeditions, Google Arts and Culture, and the Merge Cube. International Research and Review, 10(1), 42–53.
Cuno, J. (2011). Museums Matter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Curthoys, A. (1999). Expulsion, Exodus and Exile in White Australian Historical Mythology Journal of Australian Studies, 23(61), 1–19.
Curtin, P. A., and Gaither, T. K. (2007). International Public Relations: Negotiating Culture, Identity, and Power. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Dalbello, M. (2004). Institutional Shaping of Cultural Memory: Digital Library as Environment for Textual Transmission. Library Quarterly, 74(3), 265–298.
Dalbello, M. (2009). Cultural Dimensions of Digital Library Development, Part II: The Cultures of Innovation in Five European National Libraries (Narratives of Development). Library Quarterly, 79(1), 1–72.
Dallwitz, D., Dallwitz, J., and Lowish, S. (2019). A ra Irititja and A ra Winki in the APY Lands: Connecting Archives to Communities through Mobile Apps on Portable Devices. Archives and Manuscripts, 47(1), 35–52.
De Largy Healy, J., and Glowczewski, B. (2016). Indigenous and Transnational Values in Oceania: Heritage Reappropriation, From Museums to the World Wide Web. eTropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.25120/etropic.13.2.2014.3313. Delanty, G. (1995). Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity, Reality. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
De Cesari, C. (2013). Thinking Through Heritage Regimes. In Bendix, R. F., Eggert, A., and Peselmann, A., eds., Heritage Regimes and the State. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen Press, pp. 399–413.
Di Blasio, M., and Di Blasio, R. (1983). Constructing a Cultural Context Through Museum Storytelling. Roundtable Reports, 8(3), 7–9.
Dijkink, G. (1998). Geopolitical Codes and Popular Representations. GeoJournal, 46(4), 293–299.
Dittmer, J., and Bos, D. (2019). Popular Culture, Geopolitics, and Identity. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
Dittmer, J., and Gray, N. (2010). Popular Geopolitics 2.0: Towards New Methodologies of the Everyday. Geography Compass, 4(11), 1664–1677.
Dodds, K., Kuus, M., and Sharp, J. (2016). Introduction: Geopolitics and Its Critics. In Dodds, K., Kuus, M., and Sharp, J., eds., The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics. London: Routledge, pp. 1–14.
Dunin-Wąsowicz, R. (2015). Culture for Europe: Struggles for Contemporary Meanings and Social Understandings of Europe through Cultural Institutions, Festivals, and Art Projects. PhD Thesis, London School of Economics.
Dyson, G. (2012). Turing’s Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe. New York: Pantheon Books.
Elad, S. (2010). Google and the Digital Divide: The Bias of Online Knowledge. Oxford: Chandos.
Erway, R. (2009). A View on Europeana from the US Perspective. Liber Quarterly, 19(2), 103–121.
Evans, J. (2018). Unpublished Interview with Elizabeth Stainforth.
Evans, J., and Wilson, J. Z. (2018). Inclusive Archives and Recordkeeping: Towards a Critical Manifesto. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 24(8), 857–860.
Fiott, D. (2021). In Search of Meaning and Action. In Fiott, D., ed., European Sovereignty: Strategy and Interdependence. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies. Chaillot Paper, 169, 4–6.
Flinn, A., Stevens, M., and Shepherd, E. (2009). Whose Memories, Whose Archives? Independent Community Archives, Autonomy, and the Mainstream. Archival Science, 9, 71–86.
Flint, C. (2017). Introduction to Geopolitics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Flint, C. (2022). Putting the ‘Geo’ into Geopolitics: A Heuristic Framework and the Example of Australian Foreign Policy. GeoJournal, 87(4), 2577–2592.
Foo, S., Tang, C., and Ng, J. (2010). Libraries for Life: A Case Study of National Library Board, Singapore. International Conference commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science, Seoul, Korea, October 8.
Foucault, M. (1991). Governmentality. In Burchell, G., Gordon, C., and Miller, P., eds., The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. London: Wheatsheaf Harvester, pp. 87–104.
Foucault, M. (2002). Archaeology of Knowledge. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. London: Routledge.
Gibson, C. (1999). Cartographies of the Colonial and Capitalist State: A Geopolitics of Indigenous Self-determination in Australia. Antipode, 31, 45–79.
Gibson, C. (2016). Indigenous Geopolitics. In Dodds, K., Kuus, M., and Sharp, J., eds., The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics. London: Routledge, pp. 421–438.
Gillespie, T. (2014). The Relevance of Algorithms. In Gillespie, T., Boczkowski, P., and Foot, K., eds., Media Technologies. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 167–194.
Glovine, A. M. (2008). The Heritage-Scape: UNESCO, World Heritage, and Tourism. Lanham: Lexington Books.
Gomez, J. (2000). Self Censorship: Singapore’s Shame. Singapore: Think Centre.
Grau, D. (2021). Under Discussion: The Encyclopedic Museum. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute.
Gray, J. E. (2020). Google Rules: The History and Future of Copyright under the Influence of Google. New York: Oxford University Press.
Grincheva, N. (2012). Canada’s Got Treasures! Constructing National Identity through Cultural Participation. In Austen, S., Bishop, Z., Deventer, K., Lala, R., and Ramos, M., eds., The Cultural Component of Citizenship. Brussels: European House for Culture, pp. 79–99.
Grincheva, N. (2019). The Form and Content of ‘Digital Spatiality’: Mapping the Soft Power of DreamWorks Animation in Asia. Asiascape: Digital Asia, 6(1), 58–83.
Grincheva, N. (2020). Museum Diplomacy in the Digital Age. London: Routledge.
Hall, S. (1992). The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power. In Hall, S., and Gieben, B., eds., Formations of Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press in association with the Open University, pp. 185–227.
Hall, S. (1999). Un-Settling ‘The Heritage’, Re-Imagining the Post-Nation. Whose Heritage? Third Text, 13(49), 3–13.
Harrison, R. (2012). Heritage: Critical Approaches. London: Routledge.
Harvey, D.C. (2001). Heritage Pasts and Heritage Presents: temporality, meaning and the scope of heritage studies. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 7(4), 319–138.
Heng, D., Thiam, S., and Aljunied, S. M. (2009). Reframing Singapore: Memory, Identity, Trans-Regionalism. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Herwitz, D. (2012). Heritage, Culture, and Politics in the Postcolony. NYC: Columbia University Press.
Higgott, R. (2020). EU Cultural Diplomacy: A Contextual Analysis of Constraints and Opportunities. In Carta, C., and Higgott, R., eds., Cultural Diplomacy in Europe: Between the Domestic and the International. London, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 19–40.
Hill, M., and Kwen, F. L. (2016). The Politics of Nation Building and Citizenship in Singapore. London: Routledge.
Hillis, K., Petit, M., and Jarrett, K. (2012). Google and the Culture of Search. New York: Routledge.
Hobsbawm, E., and Ranger, T. (1992). The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jeanneney, J. (2007). Google and the Myth of Universal Knowledge: A View from Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jiang, M. (2013). The Business and Politics of Search Engines: A Comparative Study of Baidu and Google’s Search Results of Internet Events in China. New Media & Society, 16(2), 212–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813481196. Jin, D. Y. (2017). Digital Platforms, Imperialism and Political Culture. New York: Routledge.
Johnston, C. (2021). A Pathway to Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection?: Examining the Victorian Legislation in the context of Australian Heritage Practice Historic Environment, 33(1/2), 62–80.
Kalay, Y. E., Kvan, T., and Affleck, J. (2007). New Heritage: New Media and Cultural Heritage. London: Routledge.
Kaplan, R. (2012). The Revenge of Geography: What The Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate. NYC: Random House.
Kelley, R. (2014). Agency Change: Diplomatic Action Beyond the State. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Kersel, M., and Luke, C. (2015). Civil Societies? Heritage Diplomacy and Neo-Imperialism. In Meskell, L., ed., Global Heritage: A Reader. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 70–93.
King, R. (2008). The Singapore Miracle, Myth and Reality. Inglewood, WA: Insight Press.
Kizhner, I., Terras, M., Rumyantsev, M. et al. (2021). Digital Cultural Colonialism: Measuring Bias in Aggregated Digitized Content Held in Google Arts and Culture. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 36(3), 607–640.
Kizhner, I., Terras, M., Rumyantsev, M., Sycheva, K., and Rudov, I. (2018). Accessing Russian Culture Online: The Scope of Digitization in Museums Across Russia. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 34(2), 350–367. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy035. Knutsen, T. L. (2014). Halford J. Mackinder, Geopolitics, and the Heartland Thesis. The International History Review, 36(5), 835–857. www.jstor.org/stable/24703263. Labadi, S. (2005). A Review of the Global Strategy for a Balanced, Representative and Credible World Heritage List 1994–2004. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites,7, 89–102.
Lähdesmäki, T. (2014). The EU’s Explicit and Implicit Heritage Politics European Societies, 16(3), 401–421.
Lähdesmäki, T., Čeginskas, V. L., Kaasik-Krogerus, S., Mäkinen, K., and Turunen, J. (2020). Creating and Governing Cultural Heritage in the European Union: The European Heritage Label. London: Routledge.
Lähdesmäki, T., Suzie, T., and Zhu, J. (eds.) (2019). Politics of Scale. New York: Berghahn Books.
Li, J., He, L., Sung, H. and Shengnan, M. (2014). Forbidden City: Imperial Treasures from the Palace Museum, Beijing. Richmond: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.
Lee, H. L. (2011). PMO | National Day Rally 2011. Prime Minister’s Office Singapore. 21 August 2019. https://bit.ly/3AYv3EZ. Lee, T. (2004). Popularising Policy: (Re)forming Culture and the Nation in Singapore. Asia Pacific Journal of Arts and Cultural Management, 2(1), 55–69.
Lee, T. (2012). The Media, Cultural Control and Government in Singapore. London: Routledge.
Lee, W. (2014). Amit Sood, founder of Google Art Project, talks about how technology changes experience of viewing art. Herald Interview, 22 September.
Lévy, M., Niggemann, E., and De Decker, J. (2011). The New Renaissance, Report of the Comité des Sages on Bringing Europe’s Cultural Heritage Online. Brussels: Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/45571. Lewi, H., Smith, W., Vom Lehn, D., and Cooke, S. eds. (2020). The Routledge International Handbook of New Digital Practices in Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums and Heritage Sites. Abingdon: Routledge.
Li, J., Sun, C., Xanat, V. M., and Ochiai, Y. (2022). Electroencephalography and Self-Assessment Evaluation of Engagement with Online Exhibitions: Case Study of Google Arts and Culture Culture and Computing, 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05434-1_21. Liaropoulos, A. (2021). EU Digital Sovereignty: A Regulatory Power Searching for Its Strategic Autonomy in the Digital Domain. In Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security.24–25 June.
Liew, K. K., and Pang, N. (2015). Fuming and Fogging Memories: Civil Society and State in Communication of Heritage in Singapore in the Cases of the Singapore Memories Project and the ‘Marxist Conspiracy’ of 1987. Continuum, 29(4), 549–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2015.1051806. Liew, K. K., Pang, N., and Chan, B. (2014). Industrial Railroad to Digital Memory Routes: Remembering the Last Railway in Singapore. Media, Culture & Society, 36(6), 761–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443714532984. Macdonald, M. (2013). Memorylands: Heritage and Identity in Europe Today. London: Routledge.
Malpas, J. (2007). Cultural Heritage in the Age of New Media. In Kalay, Y. E., Kvan, T., and Affleck, J., eds., New heritage: New Media and Cultural Heritage. London: Routledge, pp. 13–26.
Mankekar, P. (1999). Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television,Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India. Durham, NC: Duke University
Mann, D. (2018). Unpublished Interview with Elizabeth Stainforth.
Manners, I. (2002). ‘Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?’. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 235–258.
Manners, I., and Diez, T. (2007). Reflecting on Normative Power Europe. In Berenskoetter, F., and Williams, M. J., eds., Power in World Politics. New York: Routledge, pp. 173–188.
Mansfield, E. C. (2014). Google Art Project and Digital Scholarship in the Visual Arts. Visual Resources: An International Journal of Documentation, 30(1), 110–17.
Marton, A. (2011). Forgotten as Data – Remembered through Information. Social Memory Institutions in the Digital Age: The Case of the Europeana Initiative. PhD Thesis, London School of Economics
McCrary, Q. (2011). The Political Nature of Digital Cultural Heritage. LIBER Quarterly, 20(3–4), 357–368.
McDonald, M. (1996). ‘Unity in Diversity’: Some Tensions in the Construction of Europe. Social Anthropology, 4, 47–60.
Medcalf, R. (2020). Indo-Pacific Empire: China, America, and the Contest for the World’s Pivotal Region. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Medeiros, B. (2021). ‘There’s No Way Abraham Lincoln Could Work at Google’: Fox News and the Politics of Breaking Up Big Tech. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 46(1), 39–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/01968599211039211. Meskell, L., and Brumann, C. (2015). UNESCO and New World Orders. In Meskell, L., ed. Global Heritage: A Reader. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 22–42.
Metakides, G. (2022). A Crucial Decade for European Digital Sovereignty. In Werthner, H., Prem, E., Lee, E. A., and Ghezzi, C., eds., Perspectives on Digital Humanism. Cham: Springer International, pp. 219–226.
Mignolo, W. D. (2002). The Geopolitics of Knowledge and the Colonial Difference. The South Atlantic Quarterly, 101(1), 57–96.
Miller, R., Ruru, J., Behrendt, L., and Lindberg, T. (2012). Discovering Indigenous Lands. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ministry of Culture, Community, and Youth (MCCY). (2013). The Report of the Arts and Culture Strategic Review, Singapore. https://bit.ly/3TwSFIn. Mirrlees, T. (2013). Global Entertainment Media: Between Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Globalization. London: Routledge.
National Gallery Singapore Representative (NGSR). (2023). Interview by Grincheva. February 2023.
National Heritage Board (NHB). (2008). Renaissance City Plan III: Heritage Development Plan. NHB: Singapore.
National Heritage Board (NHB). (2010). Singapore’s Heritage and Museums Go Virtual with a Package of Online Initiatives. NHB’s Overall E-engagement Strategy. Singapore: NHB.
National Library Board (NLB). (2023). E-mail Interview by Natalia Grincheva, 27 February 2023.
Neale, M. (2017). The Third Archive and Artist as Archivist. In Jorgensen, D., and Mclean, I., eds., Indigenous Archives: The Making and Unmaking of Aboriginal Art. Perth: University of Western Australia Press, pp. 269–294.
Neumann, K. (2019). In Search of ‘Australia and the Australian People’: The National Library of Australia and the Representation of Cultural and Linguistic Diversity. In Darian-Smith, K., and Hamilton, P., eds., Remembering Migration: Oral Histories and Heritage in Australia. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 285–299.
Ng, E. (2011). The Library as an Online Community Touch-Point. IFLA World Library and Information Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 13–18 August.
Nye, J. S. (1990). Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. New York: Basic Books.
Nye, J. S. (1999). Redefining the National Interest. Foreign Affairs, 78(4), 22–35.
Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New Delhi: Knowledge World.
Ó Tuathail, G., and Agnew, J. (1992). Geopolitics and Discourse: Practical Geopolitical Reasoning in American Foreign Policy. Political Geography, 11(2), 190–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0962-6298(92)90048-x. Ó Tuathail, G. (1999). Understanding Critical Geopolitics: Geopolitics and Risk Society. The Journal of Strategic Studies, 22(2–3), 107–124.
Ó Tuathail, G. (2005). Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space. London: Taylor & Francis.
Parry, R. (2007). Recoding the Museum: Digital Heritage and the Technologies of Change. London: Routledge.
Parry, R. (ed.) (2010). Museums in a Digital Age. Abingdon: Routledge.
Pascoal, S., Tallone, L., and Furtado, M. (2019). Cultural Tourism: Using Google Arts & Culture Platform to Promote a Small City in the North of Portugal. Advances in Tourism, Technology and Smart Systems, 171, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2024-2_5. Passerini, L. ed. (1998). The Question of European Identity: A Cultural Historical Approach. Florence: European Historical Institute.
Pin, W. W. (2013). Interview by Natalia Grincheva, May 5.
Pin, W. W. (2014). Memory and the Nation: On the Singapore Memory Project. Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues, 25(3), pp. 63–70. https://doi.org/10.7227/alx.0031. Poole, N. (2014). Unpublished Interview with Elizabeth Stainforth.
Potter, E. (2002). Cyber-Diplomacy: Managing Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen’s Press.
Povroznik, N. (2018). Towards a Global Infrastructure for Digital Cultural Heritage. In Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection. EuroMed, vol. 11196. Cham: Springer, pp. 607–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01762-0_53. Powers, S. M., and Jablonski, M. (2015). The Real Cyber war: The Political Economy of Internet Freedom. Urbana: University Of Illinois Press.
Punathambekarm, A., and Mohan, S. (2019). Global Digital Cultures: Perspectives from South Asia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Quang, T., William, N., and Paulson, D. (2022). Rising Tensions: Heritage-Tourism Development and the Commodification of ‘Authentic’ Culture among the Cham Community of Vietnam. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2116161. Regional Coordinator Asia (RCA). (2022). Interview by Natalia Grincheva. November 2022.
Remaking Singapore Committee (RSC). (2003). Changing Mindsets, Deepening Relationships: The Report of the Remaking Singapore Committee. Singapore: Government of Singapore.
Richey, S., and Taylor, J. B. (2017). Google and Democracy. London: Routledge.
Ronfeldt, D., and Arquilla, J. (1999). The Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information Strategy. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
Ronfeldt, D., and Arquilla, J. (2020). Noopolitik: A New Paradigm for Public Diplomacy. In Snow, N., and Cull, N., eds., Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. London: Routledge, pp. 445–480.
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. NYC: Pantheon Books.
Shiva, V. (1993). Monocultures of the Mind. Trumpeter, 10(4), 2–11.
Shore, C. (2000). Building Europe: The Cultural Politics of European Integration. London: Routledge.
Shore, C. (2006). ‘In Uno Plures’ (?) EU Cultural Policy and the Governance of Europe. Cultural Analysis, 5, 7–26.
Singapore Tourism Board (STB). (2000). Official Guide: Singapore New Asia. Singapore: Singapore Tourism Board.
Singapore Tourist Promotion Board, & Ministry of Information and the Arts (STPB & MIA). (1995). Singapore, Global City for the Arts. Joint report.
Smith, L. (2006). Uses of Heritage. London: Routledge.
Stiegler, B. (2010). Telecracy against Democracy. Cultural Politics, 6, 171–180.
Tan, G. (2012). Giving the Past a Present: The Singapore Memory Project. International Conference on New Media, Memories and Histories, 5–6 October 2012, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication.
Tan, G. (2013). Interview by Natalia Grincheva, 5 May.
Tang, C. (2013). Acquiring, Organising and Providing Access to Digital Content: The Singapore Memory Project Experience. Paper presented at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress, Singapore, Future Libraries: Infinite Possibilities Singapore. https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/214/1/198-tang-en.pdf. Taylor, J., and Gibson, L. K. (2017). Digitisation, Digital Interaction and Social Media: Embedded Barriers to Democratic Heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(5), 408–420.
Timmers, P. (2022). The Technological Construction of Sovereignty. In Werthner, H., Prem, E., Lee, E. A., and Ghezzi, C., eds., Perspectives on Digital Humanism. Cham: Springer International, pp. 213–218.
Tretter, E. (2011). The ‘Value’ of Europe: The Political Economy of Culture in the European Community. Geopolitics, 16(4), 926–948.
Turčalo, S., and Kulović, A. (2018). Contemporary Geopolitics and Digital Representations of Space. Croatian International Relations Review, 24(81), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0001. Udell, M. K. (2019). The Museum of the Infinite Scroll: Assessing the Effectiveness of Google Arts and Culture as a Virtual Tool for Museum Accessibility. Master’s Projects and Capstones, 979. https://repository.usfca.edu/capstone/979. UNESCO. (2009). Google and UNESCO Announce Alliance to Provide Virtual Visits of Several World Heritage Sites. https://bit.ly/2N7eHS8. Urry, J. (1995). Consuming Places. London: Routledge.
Valtysson, B. (2012). Europeana. Information, Communication & Society, 15(2), 151–170.
Valtysson, B. (2018). Camouflaged Culture: The ‘Discursive Journey’ of the EU’s Cultural Programmes. Croatian International Relations Review, 24(82), 14–37.
Valtysson, B. (2020). Digital Cultural Politics From Policy to Practice. Cham: Palgrave MacMillan.
Van Dijck, J., Poell, T., and de Waal, M. (2018). The Platform Society: Public Values in a Connective World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Verhoeven, D. (2016). As Luck Would Have It: Serendipity and Solace in Digital Research Infrastructure. Feminist Media Histories, 2(1), 7–28.
Walker, C. (2017). Trove Atlas Project – Recommendations (Internal Report).
Wang, A. (2020). Rules of Engagement in the Global Arts City: The Case of The Substation in Singapore. In Byrnes, W., and Brkić, A., eds., The Routledge Companion to Arts Management. London: Routledge, pp. 187–202.
Werthner, H. (2022). Geopolitics, Digital Sovereignty … What’s in a Word? In Werthner, H., Prem, E., Lee, E. A., and Ghezzi, C., eds., Perspectives on Digital Humanism. Cham: Springer International, pp. 241–248.
Widodo, J., Wong, Y.C. and Ismail, F. (2017). Digital Historic Urban Landscape Methodology for Heritage Impact Assessment of Singapore. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 4, 327–334.
Winter, T. (2021). Geocultural Power: China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Geopolitics, 26(5), 1376–1399.
Wood, J. (2018). Unpublished Correspondence with Elizabeth Stainforth.
Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: Profile Books.